Ladino and English/Contrastive Grammar
From LING073
Contents
Lad-Eng Tests
Nouns without Determiners
- (lad) la Espanya → (eng) Spain
(lad) el<det><def><f><sg> Espanya<np><loc> → (eng) Spain<np><loc>
- (lad) la Gresia → (eng) Greece
(lad) el<det><def><f><sg> Gresia<np><loc> → (eng) Greece<np><loc>
Grammatical Gender
- (lad) la estreyeriya → (eng) the stars
(lad) el<det><def><f><sg> estreyeriya<n><f><sg> → (eng) the<det><def> star<n><pl>
- (lad) la lingua → (eng) the language
(lad) el<det><def><f><sg> lingua<n><f><sg> → (eng) the<det><def> language<n><sg>
Reflexive Verb Order
- (lad) me mires → (eng) look at me
(lad) me<prn><pers><p1><sg><pro> mires<v><pres><p2><sg> → (eng) look<vblex><imp> prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>
- (lad) te pario → (eng) she bore you
(lad) te<prn><pers><p2><sg><pro> parir<v><pret><p3><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><f><sg> bear<vblex><past> prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>
- (lad) te dio → (eng) she gave you
(lad) te<prn><pers><p2><sg><pro> dar<v><pret><p3><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><f><sg> give<vblex><past> prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>
Adjective Order
- (lad) los djudios sefardim → (eng) Sephardi Jews
(lad) el<det><m><pl> djudio<n><m><pl> sefardim<adj><m><pl> → (eng) Sephardi<adj><pl> Jews<n><pl>
- (lad) la luz santa → (eng) the holy light
(lad) el<det><f> luz<n><f> santa<adj><f> → (eng) the<det> holy<adj> light<n>
Conjugation Drops Words
- (lad) mirava → (eng) he looked
(lad) mirar<v><pii><p3><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> look<vblex><past>
- (lad) komo limones → (eng) I eat lemons
(lad) komer<v><pres><p1><sg> limon<n><pl> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> eat<vblex><pres> lemon<n><pl>