Difference between revisions of "Participation data"

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In this section, data has been compiled to present patterns of participation for members of various groups at various stages in the field of Economics.
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[[File:EconDegnew.png|120px|left|link=Undergraduate participation data]]
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According to data collected by the AEA, just over 10 percent of full professors in Ph.D. granting Economics departments are women and only 3 percent are African American or Hispanic.  Disproportionate participation rates continue in the current undergraduate population as well; about one-third of undergraduate economics majors are women, and about 10 percent are students of color. These participation rates are lower than those typically observed in science and engineering.
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[[File:DocEcon.png|left|120px|link=Doctorate participation data]]
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[[File:Bhfacinfograph.png|122px|left|link=Faculty participation data]]
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The lower participation rates of women and ethnic/racial minorities in Economics is a problem at all levels of education. Often discussion focuses on the "leak" along the academic pipeline, where the academic pipeline is a metaphor for the procession of students from high school graduates to the end point in academia, tenured professorships. Originally coined to describe the dearth of women in STEM fields, this metaphor is now used more universally to describe how women and members of minority groups are absent from higher ranks of academia. 
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The data cited here, however, reveal that our profession has a particular problem at the undergraduate level. A recent [http://www.aeaweb.org/committees/CSMGEP/resources/ report] by the AEA's Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession documents this problem well: "...the underrepresentation of Blacks and Hispanics among econ Ph.D.s relates to their underrepresentation among econ undergraduates, and not necessarily from a lack of interest of minority econ majors in pursuing a Ph.D." (Mora, 2012).
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Without encouraging greater interest at the undergraduate level, attempts to increase the participation rates of women and minorities at higher levels are unlikely to succeed.
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'''The following sections present patterns of participation for members of various groups at various stages in the field of Economics.'''
  
Since 1990 females have only constituted between 30 and 32 percent of undergraduate economic majors (except between 2001-2003 where the percentage spiked to 35 percent). This imbalance in the undergraduate level, has led to an underrepresentation of women through all levels in the academic economic pipeline. (Siegfried). 
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::::::* [[Undergraduate participation data]]
  
In comparison, since 1995 the percentage of women in undergraduate engineering has hovered near 20% (Cosentino, Horting) and in political science, since 1990, women have constituted between 43 and 50 percent of undergraduate majors (Brandes, Buker, et.al). 
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::::::* [[Doctorate participation data]]
  
It is evident that the underrepresentation of women in Economics is an issue that needs attention.
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::::::* [[Faculty participation data]]
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For more information, see
  
In terms of race, the percentage of minorities awarded undergraduate degrees in economics has hovered around 12 -13 percent since 1996. Since 2002, the total percentage of minorities awarded undergraduate degrees in science and engineering has hovered around 17 percent and for social sciences as a whole, 19.5 percent. The fact that minority students comprise a larger percentage of science and engineering majors (fields that are typically criticized due to the lack of minority representation) than they do economics majors is alarming.
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*[https://www.newyorkfed.org/data-and-statistics/data-visualization/diversity-in-economics#interactive/overview Who is Being Trained in Economics? The Race, Ethnicity, and Gender of Economics Majors at U.S. Colleges and Universities]
  
http://www.cswep.org/newsletters/CSWEP_nsltr_Winter2007.pdf
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*[https://doi.org/10.1080/00220485.2019.1618766 The Unequal Distribution of Economic Education], Bayer, A., & Wilcox, D. W. (2019). ''The Journal of Economic Education'', 1-22.
  
http://www.vanderbilt.edu/Econ/wparchive/workpaper/vu06-w11.pdf
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*[https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.30.4.221 Diversity in the Economics Profession: A New Attack on an Old Problem], Bayer, A., & Rouse, C. E. (2016). ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 30(4), 221-42.
  
http://www.aeaweb.org/committees/cswep/newsletters/CSWEP_nsltr_Fall_2006.pdf
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*[https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=570 Where are the Women Economics Majors?] CSWEP Newsletter, Summer 2013.
  
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*[https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=9270 Report of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession], 2018.
  
http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/aer.99.2.700
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*[https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=9030 Report on the Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession], 2018.
  
==Race==
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*[https://www.aeaweb.org/content/file?id=7558 Racial and Ethnic Differences among Economics Baccalaureates], Mora, M.T. (2012) ''The Minority Report.'' AEA 1, 9-11.
 
 
Throughout the years there has been extensive literature concerning underrepresented minorities in the STEM fields, yet the field of Economics has yet to gain the same level attention. Data has shown that underrepresented minorities should have a greater stake in the field of Economics, and the Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession has attempted to alleviate this issue through its programs. Please click [http://www.aeaweb.org/committees/CSMGEP/index.php here] for more information on CSMGEP.
 
 
 
 
 
[[File:EconByRace.png|470px|border|center|Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES); Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System(IPEDS) Completions, 1995-2009 (Washington , D.C.: NCES, 2011). Created by data provided by WebCaspar.]]
 
 
 
 
 
'''Comparison Data:''' Click [[Participation Rates by Race in Economics, the Social Sciences, and STEM fields|here]] to see a comparison of participation rates by race in Economics, the Social Sciences, and STEM fields.
 
 
 
==Gender==
 
 
 
In Economics, women have made great strides in terms of increasing their representation in the field. Although there is still work to be done, especially early on in the pipeline. Attracting a greater percentage of women to the field of economics at the undergraduate level has shown to be crucial in order to have greater representation at the doctorate level. The Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession has, like CSMGEP, brought attention to this issue and has created programs promoting women in economics. For more information on CSWEP please click [http://www.aeaweb.org/committees/cswep/ here]
 
 
 
 
 
[[File:EconByGen.png|470px|center|Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES); Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System(IPEDS) Completions, 1995-2009 (Washington , D.C.: NCES, 2011). Created by data provided by WebCaspar.]]
 
 
 
 
 
'''Comparison Data:''' Click [[Participation Rates by Gender in Economics, the Social Sciences, and STEM fields|here]] to see a comparison of participation rates by gender in Economics, the Social Sciences, and STEM fields
 
 
 
== Time Trends ==
 
 
 
[[File:EconDegYear.png|470px|left]]
 
[[File:EconDeg%.png|470px|right]]
 
 
 
 
 
'''Click on the graphs above to zoom.'''
 
 
 
 
 
'''Summary:''' The scatterplot above shows a time trend in Economics degrees awarded to men and women. The number of degrees awarded in the field of Economics has steadily increased, which is a sign that the field has attracted more interest. The data also demonstrates that the gap between degrees awarded to men and women in Economics is steadily becoming smaller, although there are still improvements to be made. 
 
 
 
 
 
[[Media:CHAS_Wiki_97-2003.xls|Click here]] to download a basic database of Economics degrees earned by Gender from 1966-2009.
 
 
 
 
 
'''Source:''' U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES); Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System(IPEDS) Completions, 1995-2009 (Washington , D.C.: NCES, 2011). Created by data provided by WebCaspar
 
 
 
==Comparison Tool==
 
 
 
The comparison tool allows departments to [[compare]] their participation rates to national averages and/or averages for subgroups such as elite liberal arts institutions.
 

Latest revision as of 18:40, 2 December 2019

EconDegnew.png

According to data collected by the AEA, just over 10 percent of full professors in Ph.D. granting Economics departments are women and only 3 percent are African American or Hispanic. Disproportionate participation rates continue in the current undergraduate population as well; about one-third of undergraduate economics majors are women, and about 10 percent are students of color. These participation rates are lower than those typically observed in science and engineering.

DocEcon.png
Bhfacinfograph.png

The lower participation rates of women and ethnic/racial minorities in Economics is a problem at all levels of education. Often discussion focuses on the "leak" along the academic pipeline, where the academic pipeline is a metaphor for the procession of students from high school graduates to the end point in academia, tenured professorships. Originally coined to describe the dearth of women in STEM fields, this metaphor is now used more universally to describe how women and members of minority groups are absent from higher ranks of academia. The data cited here, however, reveal that our profession has a particular problem at the undergraduate level. A recent report by the AEA's Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession documents this problem well: "...the underrepresentation of Blacks and Hispanics among econ Ph.D.s relates to their underrepresentation among econ undergraduates, and not necessarily from a lack of interest of minority econ majors in pursuing a Ph.D." (Mora, 2012).

Without encouraging greater interest at the undergraduate level, attempts to increase the participation rates of women and minorities at higher levels are unlikely to succeed.

The following sections present patterns of participation for members of various groups at various stages in the field of Economics.


For more information, see