LING073 - User contributions [en]

User:Dwurtel1/Final project

2017-05-15T12:33:01Z

Dwurtel1:

==Project Details==
===What I did===
For my final project, I continued work on my Ainu transducer to get near ~85% coverage on a large corpus. Although I had been working toward my final project earlier than two weeks ago, many changes are lost within earlier commits. This project is important because Ainu is lacking in linguistic tools and this is the first step to a MT system between Japanese and Ainu.

====Corpus====
I copied nearly half of all free available Ainu articles on from [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm]. Although they have some English and Kanji thrown in by the author, this seemed like the most realistic and honest look at modern Ainu. The author specializes in Esperanto and writes about many different governmental issues and health practices, which make for a lot of one-off lexical stems. The total word count is 7362 with 25,335 characters (although these numbers vary greatly based on what editor's word/char count tools I use).

====Transducer====
I added 50-60 words, very few of which were in dictionary form. This required some analysis of what the root of the unidentified word was before I could look it up (and even then there were many that had no answer. This took much time, but I would get as far as I could fixing the current iteration of the top twenty unknown words, and then restart the process. I did this four times. Most words required looking at the context in order to analyze properly, so there was some inherent disambiguation although no disambiguation rules were added themselves. I also added rules for verb prefixing with respect to colloquial and some classical subject/object pronoun incorporation. It was challenging to separate different affixes and their meanings. For instance, the prefix ア is often used to describe indefiniteness but from context it is sometimes still unclear whether this should be viewed as an indicator of first person, fourth person, or something else entirely.

===Further Research===
As I do plan to continue working on the transducer, my first goal is to fix spellrelax issues with twol rules. For instance, there are some hacky fixes for ウタㇽ vs ウタラ wherein a small {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} are all equivalent to a large {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} at the end of the word, but what happens with different spellings of 'good', for instance: ピㇽカ/ピㇼカ/ピリカ? In addition, I often stumbled upon possible noun compounding written with spaces sometimes アイヌウタラ and without, others アイヌイタㇻ. One avenue of approach is to completely change the orthography. Nearly every site that has modified katakana for Ainu also has the latin letter Ainu, and things like -ay could only ever be interpreted as such instead of katakana's アイ vs. アィ.

==Repositories==

[https://github.com/davidwurtele/apertium-ain Ainu Transducer]: public

Note: I don't think I am allowed to make a public repo with these materials

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu Corpus]: private

==Evaluation==
*Original coverage over the colloquial corpus: 52.06%
*Final coverage over the colloquial corpus: 76.81%

Due to timing I am still working on precision and recall.

==Post-class Evaluation==
*All available Ainu Times articles (colloquial corpus) added: ~14000 words
*All Ainu Folklore transcriptions added: ~20000 words
*Coverage over full colloquial corpus: 72.72% (16,256 tokenized words)
*Coverage over classical corpus: 64.62% (30,129 tokenized words)
*Coverage over entire combined corpus: 67.45% (46382 tokenized words)

[[Category:sp17_FinalProjects]]

User:Dwurtel1/Final project

2017-05-14T07:28:51Z

Dwurtel1:

User:Dwurtel1/Final project

2017-05-14T07:28:17Z

Dwurtel1:

==Project Details==
===What I did===
For my final project, I continued work on my Ainu transducer to get near ~85% coverage on a large corpus. Although I had been working toward my final project earlier than two weeks ago, many changes are lost within earlier commits. This project is important because Ainu is lacking in linguistic tools and this is the first step to a MT system between Japanese and Ainu.

====Corpus====
I copied nearly half of all free available Ainu articles on from [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm]. Although they have some English and Kanji thrown in by the author, this seemed like the most realistic and honest look at modern Ainu. The author specializes in Esperanto and writes about many different governmental issues and health practices, which make for a lot of one-off lexical stems. The total word count is 7362 with 25,335 characters (although these numbers vary greatly based on what editor's word/char count tools I use).

====Transducer====
I added 50-60 words, very few of which were in dictionary form. This required some analysis of what the root of the unidentified word was before I could look it up (and even then there were many that had no answer. This took much time, but I would get as far as I could fixing the current iteration of the top twenty unknown words, and then restart the process. I did this four times. Most words required looking at the context in order to analyze properly, so there was some inherent disambiguation although no disambiguation rules were added themselves. I also added rules for verb prefixing with respect to colloquial and some classical subject/object pronoun incorporation. It was challenging to separate different affixes and their meanings. For instance, the prefix ア is often used to describe indefiniteness but from context it is sometimes still unclear whether this should be viewed as an indicator of first person, fourth person, or something else entirely.

===Further Research===
As I do plan to continue working on the transducer, my first goal is to fix spellrelax issues with twol rules. For instance, there are some hacky fixes for ウタㇽ vs ウタラ wherein a small {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} are all equivalent to a large {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} at the end of the word, but what happens with different spellings of 'good', for instance: ピㇽカ/ピㇼカ/ピリカ? In addition, I often stumbled upon possible noun compounding written with spaces sometimes アイヌウタラ and without, others アイヌイタㇻ. One avenue of approach is to completely change the orthography. Nearly every site that has modified katakana for Ainu also has the latin letter Ainu, and things like -ay could only ever be interpreted as such instead of katakana's アイ vs. アィ.

==Repositories==

[https://github.com/davidwurtele/apertium-ain Ainu Transducer]: public

Note: I don't think I am allowed to make a public repo with these materials
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu Corpus]: private

==Evaluation==
*Original coverage over the colloquial corpus: 52.06%
*Final coverage over the colloquial corpus: 76.81%

Due to timing I am still working on precision and recall.

[[Category:sp17_FinalProjects]]

User:Dwurtel1/Final project

2017-05-14T03:18:06Z

Dwurtel1: Created page with "==Project Details== ===What I did=== For my final project, I continued work on my Ainu transducer to get near ~85% coverage on a large corpus. Although I had been working towa..."

==Project Details==
===What I did===
For my final project, I continued work on my Ainu transducer to get near ~85% coverage on a large corpus. Although I had been working toward my final project earlier than two weeks ago, many changes are lost within earlier commits. This project is important because Ainu is lacking in linguistic tools and this is the first step to a MT system between Japanese and Ainu.

====Corpus====
I copied nearly half of all free available Ainu articles on from [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm]. Although they have some English and Kanji thrown in by the author, this seemed like the most realistic and honest look at modern Ainu. The author specializes in Esperanto and writes about many different governmental issues and health practices, which make for a lot of one-off lexical stems. The total word count is 7362 with 25,335 characters (although these numbers vary greatly based on what editor's word/char count tools I use).

====Transducer====
I added 50-60 words, very few of which were in dictionary form. This required some analysis of what the root of the unidentified word was before I could look it up (and even then there were many that had no answer. This took much time, but I would get as far as I could fixing the current iteration of the top twenty unknown words, and then restart the process. I did this four times. Most words required looking at the context in order to analyze properly, so there was some inherent disambiguation although no disambiguation rules were added themselves. I also added rules for verb prefixing with respect to colloquial and some classical subject/object pronoun incorporation. It was challenging to separate different affixes and their meanings. For instance, the prefix ア is often used to describe indefiniteness but from context it is sometimes still unclear whether this should be viewed as an indicator of first person, fourth person, or something else entirely.

===Further Research===
As I do plan to continue working on the transducer, my first goal is to fix spellrelax issues with twol rules. For instance, there are some hacky fixes for ウタㇽ vs ウタラ wherein a small {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} are all equivalent to a large {ra, ri, ru, re, ro} at the end of the word, but what happens with different spellings of 'good', for instance: ピㇽカ/ピㇼカ/ピリカ? In addition, I often stumbled upon possible noun compounding written with spaces sometimes アイヌウタラ and without, others アイヌイタㇻ. One avenue of approach is to completely change the orthography. Nearly every site that has modified katakana for Ainu also has the latin letter Ainu, and things like -ay could only ever be interpreted as such instead of katakana's アイ vs. アィ.

==Repositories==
Since I am using strictly licensed materials, I am still in the process of making my repos public:
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain Ainu Transducer]
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu Corpus]

==Evaluation==
*Original coverage over the colloquial corpus: 52.06%
*Final coverage over the colloquial corpus: 76.81%

Due to timing I am still working on precision and recall.

[[Category:sp17_FinalProjects]]

Ainu

2017-04-20T16:35:00Z

Dwurtel1: /* External Resources */

== Developed Resources ==

*Ainu keyboard layout:
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-keyboard Github repository]
** [[Ainu/Keyboard|Keyboard Wiki page]]

* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu basic corpus]

* [[Ainu/Grammar|Ainu Grammar]]

* [[Ainu/Transducer#Evaluation|Ainu Transducer]]
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain GitHub repo]

* [[Ainu/Disambiguation|Ainu disambiguator]]

* [[Jeju_and_Ainu|Contrastive grammar with Jeju]]

== External Resources ==

=== Computational Resources ===

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/WEBhenkan/WEBhenkan_hankaku.html Romaji to Ainu (special Katakana) Javascript application]

=== Dictionaries ===
* Kanazawa and Jinbō, [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ainugo-kaiwa-jiten/oclc/214071144?referer=di&ht=edition Ainugo Kaiwa Jiten]. An Ainu conversational dictionary. All rights reserved.

* [http://ainutopic.ninjal.ac.jp Japanese/English to Ainu E-dictionary]: Conversational Ainu translations written in English orthography. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [https://www.archive.org/stream/ainuenglishjapan00batcuoft?ref=ol#page/n15/mode/2up An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary (ebook)]. Includes a grammar of the Ainu language. I can't find any license.

* [http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~oyama/boukenn-folder/bouken-ainugo-ziten.htm Ainu dictionary from old Japanese website]. I have not found any license yet.

=== Grammatical Descriptions ===

* [http://www.unilang.org/course.php?res=58 Ainu for Beginners], based on lecture texts for the Sapporo TV Radio Lessons in 2006 and Kirsten Refsing’s The Ainu Language: The Morphology and Syntax of the Shizunai Dialect.

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of how to translate Romaji Ainu into Katakana Ainu] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E9%9F%B3%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of Ainu phonetics] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E Miscellaneous wiktionary articles on Ainu parts of speech], though vast majority are just stubs

* Alpatov, Bugaeva and Nedjalkov, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSQUERY?format=BI:next=html/records.html:bad=html/records.html:numrecs=10:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=22:0:searchtype=advanced Part 42 of ''Reciprocal Constructions'': Reciprocals and sociatives in Ainu].

* Dougherty, [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tmd/Dougherty_2010-On_the_So-Called_Passive_Voice_in_Ainu.pdf On the So-Called Passive Voice in Ainu]

* Refsing, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=11:0:recno=1:resultset=5:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 The Ainu Library Collection 2: Origins of the Ainu Language:The Indo-European Controversy]. Unclear what this source holds.

* Shibatani, [https://catalog.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/find/Record/.b1985153 The Languages of Japan]. Said to include a comprehensive linguistic study of Ainu.

=== Scientific Works ===

* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417412006288 A paper describing a part-of-speech tagger for Ainu language based on higher order Hidden Markov Model], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2013/pdf_dir/P2-5.pdf A paper on morphology analysis, translation support and shallow parsing of ainu language], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.cl.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/ss16/cllrl/slides/ainu-language.pdf Ainu resource assessment]. Explains an NLP-related Ainu language project and offers other resources for further research.

=== Corpora ===

* [http://ainucorpus.ninjal.ac.jp A glossed audio corpus of Ainu folklore], containing both english and Japanese translations. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=14:0:recno=1:resultset=6:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Ainu Fireside Stories]. Because it is written by Batchelor I assume this is actually Ainu stories written in Ainu rather than English translations, but I am not sure. License unclear.

* Batchelor, [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Japan/ainu.htm The Book of Common Prayer]. I will likely not use this since it is Batchelor's translations into Ainu rather than native Ainu writings. License unclear.

* Bugaeva, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=17:0:recno=1:resultset=7:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Grammar and Folklore Texts of the chitose dialect of Ainu (idiolect of Ito Oda)]. License unclear.

* [http://city.hokkai.or.jp/~ayaedu/hazime/ainuc.html Japanese website on Ainu culture]. Contains a Japanese gloss of hundreds of words from various dialects of Ainu. License unclear.

* [https://elar.soas.ac.uk/Search/Results?lookfor=%22Ainu%22&type=BundleLanguage Many ELAR Ainu dialect documentations]. I still need to sort through all of these but the Endangered Languages Archive seems to have a lot of Ainu audio files with accompanying text transcriptions.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/fmpipausi/menu.html Ainu FM radio station with some transcriptions]. Japanese site. License unclear.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ Ainu Times], as far as I can tell is the only Ainu newspaper. Contains links to newspaper samples. Japanese site. All rights reserved.
** [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm Actual Ainu Times articles]. Japanese site. License unclear.

[[Category:Sp17_ResourceDocumentation]] [[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-04-20T15:17:37Z

Dwurtel1: /* Final evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Both translation directions are at: [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje ling073-ain-jje]

* (Deprecated): [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain ling073-jje-ain]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 11/11

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 73/296

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 8/14

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 177.98% (not sure how these error rates can be above 100% but somehow we managed it)
*PER: 177.98%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 150/502

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

==Structural transfer==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Structural_transfer Structural transfer wiki page]

==Final evaluation==

===ain->jje===

====Transducer====
*Precision and Recall against basic corpus:
*Coverage: ~52%
*Number of words in the large corpus: 2035
*Number of stems in the transducer: 382

====Machine Translation====
*WER and PER over large corpus: WER 100%, PER 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly in large corpus: 2036 total, 6 unknown. (This seems very unlikely.)
*Trimmed coverage over large corpus
*Number of stems in large corpus

===jje->ain===
Implemented
*200 more stems to the bilingual dictionary
*Expanded morphology
** Different politeness level verb ending added
** Different various endings used in Jeju were added(disambiguation yet to be added)
** Verb stem + -게 => adv alteration added
** Noun stem + -이다 ==> v alteration added
** Added adverbs with negative subcategory
** Added various determiners
*Lexical selection rules added

====Transducer====
*Precision and Recall against basic corpus: Precision 29.44785% / Recall 41.37931%
*Coverage over the large corpus: 2608/6325 ~ 0.4123
*Number of words in the large corpus: 6325
*Number of stems in the transducer: lexccounter gives 85, but handcounting resulted in 385.

====Machine Translation====
*WER and PER over large corpus: Somehow both WER and PER are 177.98%, edit distance of 493.
*Proportion of stems translated correctly in large corpus: 5551 total words, 3296 unknown.
*Trimmed coverage over large corpus
*Number of stems in large corpus
[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-04-20T13:54:55Z

Dwurtel1: /* Final evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Both translation directions are at: [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje ling073-ain-jje]

* (Deprecated): [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain ling073-jje-ain]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 11/11

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 73/296

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 8/14

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 177.98% (not sure how these error rates can be above 100% but somehow we managed it)
*PER: 177.98%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 150/502

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

==Structural transfer==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Structural_transfer Structural transfer wiki page]

==Final evaluation==

===ain->jje===

====Transducer====
*Precision and Recall against basic corpus:
*Coverage: ~52%
*Number of words in the large corpus: 2035
*Number of stems in the transducer: 382

====Machine Translation====
*WER and PER over large corpus: WER 100%, PER 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly in large corpus
*Trimmed coverage over large corpus
*Number of stems in large corpus

===jje->ain===
Implemented
*200 more stems to the bilingual dictionary
*Expanded morphology
** Different politeness level verb ending added
** Different various endings used in Jeju were added(disambiguation yet to be added)
** Verb stem + -게 => adv alteration added
** Noun stem + -이다 ==> v alteration added
** Added adverbs with negative subcategory
** Added various determiners
*Lexical selection rules added

====Transducer====
*Precision and Recall against basic corpus: Precision 29.44785% / Recall 41.37931%
*Coverage over the large corpus: 2608/6325 ~ 0.4123
*Number of words in the large corpus: 6325
*Number of stems in the transducer: lexccounter gives 85, but handcounting resulted in 385.

====Machine Translation====
*WER and PER over large corpus
*Proportion of stems translated correctly in large corpus
*Trimmed coverage over large corpus
*Number of stems in large corpus
[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Ainu

2017-04-20T03:16:04Z

Dwurtel1: /* Developed Resources */

== Developed Resources ==

*Ainu keyboard layout:
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-keyboard Github repository]
** [[Ainu/Keyboard|Keyboard Wiki page]]

* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu basic corpus]

* [[Ainu/Grammar|Ainu Grammar]]

* [[Ainu/Transducer#Evaluation|Ainu Transducer]]
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain GitHub repo]

* [[Ainu/Disambiguation|Ainu disambiguator]]

* [[Jeju_and_Ainu|Contrastive grammar with Jeju]]

== External Resources ==

=== Computational Resources ===

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/WEBhenkan/WEBhenkan_hankaku.html Romaji to Ainu (special Katakana) Javascript application]

=== Dictionaries ===
* Kanazawa and Jinbō, [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ainugo-kaiwa-jiten/oclc/214071144?referer=di&ht=edition Ainugo Kaiwa Jiten]. An Ainu conversational dictionary. All rights reserved.

* [http://ainutopic.ninjal.ac.jp Japanese/English to Ainu E-dictionary]: Conversational Ainu translations written in English orthography. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [https://www.archive.org/stream/ainuenglishjapan00batcuoft?ref=ol#page/n15/mode/2up An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary (ebook)]. Includes a grammar of the Ainu language. I can't find any license.

=== Grammatical Descriptions ===

* [http://www.unilang.org/course.php?res=58 Ainu for Beginners], based on lecture texts for the Sapporo TV Radio Lessons in 2006 and Kirsten Refsing’s The Ainu Language: The Morphology and Syntax of the Shizunai Dialect.

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of how to translate Romaji Ainu into Katakana Ainu] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E9%9F%B3%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of Ainu phonetics] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E Miscellaneous wiktionary articles on Ainu parts of speech], though vast majority are just stubs

* Alpatov, Bugaeva and Nedjalkov, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSQUERY?format=BI:next=html/records.html:bad=html/records.html:numrecs=10:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=22:0:searchtype=advanced Part 42 of ''Reciprocal Constructions'': Reciprocals and sociatives in Ainu].

* Dougherty, [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tmd/Dougherty_2010-On_the_So-Called_Passive_Voice_in_Ainu.pdf On the So-Called Passive Voice in Ainu]

* Refsing, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=11:0:recno=1:resultset=5:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 The Ainu Library Collection 2: Origins of the Ainu Language:The Indo-European Controversy]. Unclear what this source holds.

* Shibatani, [https://catalog.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/find/Record/.b1985153 The Languages of Japan]. Said to include a comprehensive linguistic study of Ainu.

=== Scientific Works ===

* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417412006288 A paper describing a part-of-speech tagger for Ainu language based on higher order Hidden Markov Model], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2013/pdf_dir/P2-5.pdf A paper on morphology analysis, translation support and shallow parsing of ainu language], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.cl.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/ss16/cllrl/slides/ainu-language.pdf Ainu resource assessment]. Explains an NLP-related Ainu language project and offers other resources for further research.

=== Corpora ===

* [http://ainucorpus.ninjal.ac.jp A glossed audio corpus of Ainu folklore], containing both english and Japanese translations. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=14:0:recno=1:resultset=6:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Ainu Fireside Stories]. Because it is written by Batchelor I assume this is actually Ainu stories written in Ainu rather than English translations, but I am not sure. License unclear.

* Batchelor, [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Japan/ainu.htm The Book of Common Prayer]. I will likely not use this since it is Batchelor's translations into Ainu rather than native Ainu writings. License unclear.

* Bugaeva, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=17:0:recno=1:resultset=7:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Grammar and Folklore Texts of the chitose dialect of Ainu (idiolect of Ito Oda)]. License unclear.

* [http://city.hokkai.or.jp/~ayaedu/hazime/ainuc.html Japanese website on Ainu culture]. Contains a Japanese gloss of hundreds of words from various dialects of Ainu. License unclear.

* [https://elar.soas.ac.uk/Search/Results?lookfor=%22Ainu%22&type=BundleLanguage Many ELAR Ainu dialect documentations]. I still need to sort through all of these but the Endangered Languages Archive seems to have a lot of Ainu audio files with accompanying text transcriptions.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/fmpipausi/menu.html Ainu FM radio station with some transcriptions]. Japanese site. License unclear.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ Ainu Times], as far as I can tell is the only Ainu newspaper. Contains links to newspaper samples. Japanese site. All rights reserved.
** [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm Actual Ainu Times articles]. Japanese site. License unclear.

[[Category:Sp17_ResourceDocumentation]] [[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-04-11T16:09:16Z

Dwurtel1:

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|csfcoo}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-04-06T15:49:20Z

Dwurtel1: /* jje-ain test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|csfcoo}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T14:32:29Z

Dwurtel1: /* Example Sentences */

==ain -> jje==
===Case 1===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because this selection may have missing context clues within the same sentence, we opted to solve the next selection pair instead.

===Case 2===
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because the Ainu corpus is limited, we can account for nearly every given context for チュㇷ゚. There are certain words following チュㇷ゚ that indicate how it should be translated.

チュㇷ゚ー> 달
* If followed by ニペㇰ (light), the phrase will mean "moonlight." (There is a different word meaning sunlight.)
* If followed by ピㇱノ (every), the phrase will mean "every month."
* If followed by ニン (decrease), the phrase will mean "waning moon."

チュㇷ゚ー> 해
* If followed by アフン (enter), the phrase will mean "sunset."
* If followed by ヘト゚ク (come out/be born), the phrase will mean "sun rise."
* If followed by チレ (make burnt), the phrase will mean "get a sunburn."

====Example Sentences/Phrases====
* チュㇷ゚ヘト゚ク. -> 해가 뜨나. (Sun rises.)
* チュㇷ゚ニペㇰ. -> 달빛. (Moonlight.)

==jje -> ain==
===Case 1===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 눈 is in nominative case and a verb indicating motion of descent follows, it is very likely that 눈 means
snow. If instead, a verb indicating physical sensation follows, it is likely that 눈 means eye.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating falling motion.
* 내리
* 떨어지
* 온

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

Since we have reason to belive that the 눈 as snow has fewer use contexts than 눈 as eye, we set the default selection as eye.

====Example Sentences====
*배가 아프나 -> ト゚ィアㇽカ. (Stomach hurts.)
*배가 간다 -> チㇷ゚アㇽパ. (Ship goes.)

===Case 2===
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 배 is in nominative case and a verb indicating physical sensation, it is likely that 배 means stomach.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

We set the default lexical selection 배 as ship, since we believe 배 as ship appears in more diverse context than 배 as stomach.

====Example Sentences====
*눈이 아프나 -> シキアㇽカ. (Eye hurts.)
*눈이 온다 -> ウパㇱアㇱ. (It snows. (lit. Snow stands.))

[[Category:Sp17_LexicalSelection]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T14:30:25Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain -> jje */

==ain -> jje==
===Case 1===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because this selection may have missing context clues within the same sentence, we opted to solve the next selection pair instead.

===Case 2===
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because the Ainu corpus is limited, we can account for nearly every given context for チュㇷ゚. There are certain words following チュㇷ゚ that indicate how it should be translated.

チュㇷ゚ー> 달
* If followed by ニペㇰ (light), the phrase will mean "moonlight." (There is a different word meaning sunlight.)
* If followed by ピㇱノ (every), the phrase will mean "every month."
* If followed by ニン (decrease), the phrase will mean "waning moon."

チュㇷ゚ー> 해
* If followed by アフン (enter), the phrase will mean "sunset."
* If followed by ヘト゚ク (come out/be born), the phrase will mean "sun rise."
* If followed by チレ (make burnt), the phrase will mean "get a sunburn."

====Example Sentences====
* チュㇷ゚ヘト゚ク -> 해가 뜨나
* チュㇷ゚ニペㇰ -> 달빛

==jje -> ain==
===Case 1===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 눈 is in nominative case and a verb indicating motion of descent follows, it is very likely that 눈 means
snow. If instead, a verb indicating physical sensation follows, it is likely that 눈 means eye.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating falling motion.
* 내리
* 떨어지
* 온

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

Since we have reason to belive that the 눈 as snow has fewer use contexts than 눈 as eye, we set the default selection as eye.

====Example Sentences====
*배가 아프나 -> ト゚ィアㇽカ. (Stomach hurts.)
*배가 간다 -> チㇷ゚アㇽパ. (Ship goes.)

===Case 2===
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 배 is in nominative case and a verb indicating physical sensation, it is likely that 배 means stomach.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

We set the default lexical selection 배 as ship, since we believe 배 as ship appears in more diverse context than 배 as stomach.

====Example Sentences====
*눈이 아프나 -> シキアㇽカ. (Eye hurts.)
*눈이 온다 -> ウパㇱアㇱ. (It snows. (lit. Snow stands.))

[[Category:Sp17_LexicalSelection]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T14:14:00Z

Dwurtel1: /* Example Sentences */

==ain -> jje==
===Case 1===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because this selection may have missing context clues within the same sentence, we opted to solve the next selection pair instead.

===Case 2===
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because the Ainu corpus is limited, we can account for nearly every given context for チュㇷ゚. There are certain words following チュㇷ゚ that indicate how it should be translated.

チュㇷ゚ー> 달
* If followed by ニペㇰ (light), the phrase will mean "moonlight." (There is a different word meaning sunlight.)
* If followed by ピㇱノ (every), the phrase will mean "every month."
* If followed by ニン (decrease), the phrase will mean "waning moon."

チュㇷ゚ー> 해
* If followed by アフン (enter), the phrase will mean "sunset."
* If followed by ヘト゚ク (come out/be born), the phrase will mean "sun rise."
* If followed by チレ (make burnt), the phrase will mean "get a sunburn."

==jje -> ain==
===Case 1===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 눈 is in nominative case and a verb indicating motion of descent follows, it is very likely that 눈 means
snow. If instead, a verb indicating physical sensation follows, it is likely that 눈 means eye.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating falling motion.
* 내리
* 떨어지
* 온

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

Since we have reason to belive that the 눈 as snow has fewer use contexts than 눈 as eye, we set the default selection as eye.

====Example Sentences====
*배가 아프나 -> ト゚ィアㇽカ. (Stomach hurts.)
*배가 간다 -> チㇷ゚アㇽパ. (Ship goes.)

===Case 2===
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 배 is in nominative case and a verb indicating physical sensation, it is likely that 배 means stomach.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

We set the default lexical selection 배 as ship, since we believe 배 as ship appears in more diverse context than 배 as stomach.

====Example Sentences====
*눈이 아프나 -> シキアㇽカ. (Eye hurts.)
*눈이 온다 -> ウパㇱアㇱ. (It snows. (lit. Snow stands.))

[[Category:Sp17_LexicalSelection]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T14:12:28Z

Dwurtel1: /* Example Sentences */

==ain -> jje==
===Case 1===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because this selection may have missing context clues within the same sentence, we opted to solve the next selection pair instead.

===Case 2===
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because the Ainu corpus is limited, we can account for nearly every given context for チュㇷ゚. There are certain words following チュㇷ゚ that indicate how it should be translated.

チュㇷ゚ー> 달
* If followed by ニペㇰ (light), the phrase will mean "moonlight." (There is a different word meaning sunlight.)
* If followed by ピㇱノ (every), the phrase will mean "every month."
* If followed by ニン (decrease), the phrase will mean "waning moon."

チュㇷ゚ー> 해
* If followed by アフン (enter), the phrase will mean "sunset."
* If followed by ヘト゚ク (come out/be born), the phrase will mean "sun rise."
* If followed by チレ (make burnt), the phrase will mean "get a sunburn."

==jje -> ain==
===Case 1===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 눈 is in nominative case and a verb indicating motion of descent follows, it is very likely that 눈 means
snow. If instead, a verb indicating physical sensation follows, it is likely that 눈 means eye.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating falling motion.
* 내리
* 떨어지
* 온

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

Since we have reason to belive that the 눈 as snow has fewer use contexts than 눈 as eye, we set the default selection as eye.

====Example Sentences====
*배가 아프나 -> Stomach hurts.
*배가 간다 -> Ship goes.

===Case 2===
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 배 is in nominative case and a verb indicating physical sensation, it is likely that 배 means stomach.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

We set the default lexical selection 배 as ship, since we believe 배 as ship appears in more diverse context than 배 as stomach.

====Example Sentences====
*눈이 아프나 -> シキアㇽカ. (Eye hurts.)
*눈이 온다 -> ウパㇱアㇱ. (It snows. (lit. Snow stands.))

[[Category:Sp17_LexicalSelection]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T13:25:26Z

Dwurtel1: /* Generalization Scheme */

==ain -> jje==
===Case 1===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because this selection may have missing context clues within the same sentence, we opted to solve the next selection pair instead.

===Case 2===
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)
====Generalization Scheme====
Because the Ainu corpus is limited, we can account for nearly every given context for チュㇷ゚. There are certain words following チュㇷ゚ that indicate how it should be translated.

チュㇷ゚ー> 달
* If followed by ニペㇰ (light), the phrase will mean "moonlight." (There is a different word meaning sunlight.)
* If followed by ピㇱノ (every), the phrase will mean "every month."
* If followed by ニン (decrease), the phrase will mean "waning moon."

チュㇷ゚ー> 해
* If followed by アフン (enter), the phrase will mean "sunset."
* If followed by ヘト゚ク (come out/be born), the phrase will mean "sun rise."
* If followed by チレ (make burnt), the phrase will mean "get a sunburn."

==jje -> ain==
===Case 1===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 눈 is in nominative case and a verb indicating motion of descent follows, it is very likely that 눈 means
snow. If instead, a verb indicating physical sensation follows, it is likely that 눈 means eye.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating falling motion.
* 내리
* 떨어지
* 온

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

Since we have reason to belive that the 눈 as snow has fewer use contexts than 눈 as eye, we set the default selection as eye.

====Example Sentences====
*배가 아프나 -> Stomach hurts.
*배가 간다 -> Ship goes.

===Case 2===
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)
====Generalization Scheme====
If 배 is in nominative case and a verb indicating physical sensation, it is likely that 배 means stomach.

The following is a list of Jeju verbs indicating physical sensation.
* 아프
* 간지럽
* 차갑
* 뜨겁

We set the default lexical selection 배 as ship, since we believe 배 as ship appears in more diverse context than 배 as stomach.

====Example Sentences====
*눈이 아프나 -> Eye hurts.
*눈이 온다 -> It snows.

[[Category:Sp17_LexicalSelection]]

Jeju and Ainu/Lexical selection

2017-03-31T13:11:59Z

Dwurtel1: /* Generalization Scheme */

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T02:11:41Z

Dwurtel1: /* Resources for machine translation between Jeju and Ainu */

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T01:59:34Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain → jje evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 11/11

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 73/296

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 8/14

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 177.98% (not sure how these error rates can be above 100% but somehow we managed it)
*PER: 177.98%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 150/502

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T01:58:52Z

Dwurtel1: /* jje → ain evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 73/296

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 8/14

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 177.98% (not sure how these error rates can be above 100% but somehow we managed it)
*PER: 177.98%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 150/502

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T01:55:44Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain → jje evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 73/296

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 0%

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T01:36:43Z

Dwurtel1: /* tests.txt evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 0%

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 0%

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-26T01:36:24Z

Dwurtel1: /* tests.txt evaluation */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 100%
*PER: 100%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 0%

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 100%

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER: 0%
*PER: 0%
*Proportion of stems translated correctly: 0%

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (older sister speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (older sister, speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 달 (moon/month)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) -> 해 (sun)

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-26T01:23:09Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain-jje test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|csfcoo}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-26T01:22:29Z

Dwurtel1: /* jje-ain test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|경ᄒᆞ고 예수님께서 그놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|csfcoo}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|경ᄒᆞ고{{tag|adv}} 예수님{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|dat}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu

2017-03-24T23:51:23Z

Dwurtel1: /* Lexical Selectiom */

=== Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju Jeju] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu Ainu] ===
* Jeju -> Ainu [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-jje-ain Jeju -> Ainu]
* Ainu -> Jeju [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-jje Ainu -> Jeju]

==ain → jje evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER:
*PER:
*Proportion of stems translated correctly:

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER:
*PER:
*Proportion of stems translated correctly:

==jje → ain evaluation==

===tests.txt evaluation===
*WER:
*PER:
*Proportion of stems translated correctly:

===sentences.txt evaluation===
*WER:
*PER:
*Proportion of stems translated correctly:

==Lexical Selection==
===jje -> ain===
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) ウパㇱ (snow)
*(jje)눈 -> (ain) シㇰ (eye)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) チㇷ゚ (ship)
*(jje)배 -> (ain) ト゚ィ (stomach)

===ain -> jje===
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 누나 (speaker:male)
* (ain) サポ (older sister) -> 언니 (speaker:female)
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) ->
* (ain) チュㇷ゚ (sun/moon/month) ->

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Parallel Corpus Repository]

==Contrastive grammar==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive grammar wiki page]

[[Category:Sp17_TranslationPairs]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-21T16:12:49Z

Dwurtel1: /* jje-ain test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|v}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-21T16:12:28Z

Dwurtel1: /* 1 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-21T16:09:08Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain-jje test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-21T16:03:45Z

Dwurtel1: /* ain-jje test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-21T16:02:32Z

Dwurtel1: /* jje-ain test */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Ainu

2017-03-18T00:33:22Z

Dwurtel1: /* Developed Resources */

== Developed Resources ==

*Ainu keyboard layout:
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-keyboard Github repository]
** [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu/Keyboard Wiki page]

* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain-Corpus Ainu basic corpus]

* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Ainu/Grammar&action=edit Ainu Grammar]

* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu/Transducer#Evaluation Ainu Transducer]
** [https://github.swarthmore.edu/dwurtel1/ling073-ain GitHub repo]

* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Ainu/Disambiguation Ainu disambiguator]

* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Jeju_and_Ainu Contrastive grammar with Jeju]

== External Resources ==

=== Computational Resources ===

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/WEBhenkan/WEBhenkan_hankaku.html Romaji to Ainu (special Katakana) Javascript application]

=== Dictionaries ===
* Kanazawa and Jinbō, [http://www.worldcat.org/title/ainugo-kaiwa-jiten/oclc/214071144?referer=di&ht=edition Ainugo Kaiwa Jiten]. An Ainu conversational dictionary. All rights reserved.

* [http://ainutopic.ninjal.ac.jp Japanese/English to Ainu E-dictionary]: Conversational Ainu translations written in English orthography. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [https://www.archive.org/stream/ainuenglishjapan00batcuoft?ref=ol#page/n15/mode/2up An Ainu–English–Japanese dictionary (ebook)]. Includes a grammar of the Ainu language. I can't find any license.

=== Grammatical Descriptions ===

* [http://www.unilang.org/course.php?res=58 Ainu for Beginners], based on lecture texts for the Sapporo TV Radio Lessons in 2006 and Kirsten Refsing’s The Ainu Language: The Morphology and Syntax of the Shizunai Dialect.

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of how to translate Romaji Ainu into Katakana Ainu] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E9%9F%B3%E8%A1%A8%E8%A8%98 Description of Ainu phonetics] in Japanese

* [https://ja.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA:%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8C%E8%AA%9E Miscellaneous wiktionary articles on Ainu parts of speech], though vast majority are just stubs

* Alpatov, Bugaeva and Nedjalkov, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSQUERY?format=BI:next=html/records.html:bad=html/records.html:numrecs=10:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=22:0:searchtype=advanced Part 42 of ''Reciprocal Constructions'': Reciprocals and sociatives in Ainu].

* Dougherty, [http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tmd/Dougherty_2010-On_the_So-Called_Passive_Voice_in_Ainu.pdf On the So-Called Passive Voice in Ainu]

* Refsing, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=11:0:recno=1:resultset=5:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 The Ainu Library Collection 2: Origins of the Ainu Language:The Indo-European Controversy]. Unclear what this source holds.

* Shibatani, [https://catalog.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/find/Record/.b1985153 The Languages of Japan]. Said to include a comprehensive linguistic study of Ainu.

=== Scientific Works ===

* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417412006288 A paper describing a part-of-speech tagger for Ainu language based on higher order Hidden Markov Model], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.anlp.jp/proceedings/annual_meeting/2013/pdf_dir/P2-5.pdf A paper on morphology analysis, translation support and shallow parsing of ainu language], unclear if any resulting tool is actually available

* [http://www.cl.uni-heidelberg.de/courses/ss16/cllrl/slides/ainu-language.pdf Ainu resource assessment]. Explains an NLP-related Ainu language project and offers other resources for further research.

=== Corpora ===

* [http://ainucorpus.ninjal.ac.jp A glossed audio corpus of Ainu folklore], containing both english and Japanese translations. All rights reserved.

* Batchelor, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=14:0:recno=1:resultset=6:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Ainu Fireside Stories]. Because it is written by Batchelor I assume this is actually Ainu stories written in Ainu rather than English translations, but I am not sure. License unclear.

* Batchelor, [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/bcp/Japan/ainu.htm The Book of Common Prayer]. I will likely not use this since it is Batchelor's translations into Ainu rather than native Ainu writings. License unclear.

* Bugaeva, [http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=fsapp6-46666-iybjonik-nman6w:entitypagenum=17:0:recno=1:resultset=7:format=FI:next=html/record.html:bad=error/badfetch.html:entitytoprecno=1:entitycurrecno=1:numrecs=1 Grammar and Folklore Texts of the chitose dialect of Ainu (idiolect of Ito Oda)]. License unclear.

* [http://city.hokkai.or.jp/~ayaedu/hazime/ainuc.html Japanese website on Ainu culture]. Contains a Japanese gloss of hundreds of words from various dialects of Ainu. License unclear.

* [https://elar.soas.ac.uk/Search/Results?lookfor=%22Ainu%22&type=BundleLanguage Many ELAR Ainu dialect documentations]. I still need to sort through all of these but the Endangered Languages Archive seems to have a lot of Ainu audio files with accompanying text transcriptions.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/fmpipausi/menu.html Ainu FM radio station with some transcriptions]. Japanese site. License unclear.

* [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ Ainu Times], as far as I can tell is the only Ainu newspaper. Contains links to newspaper samples. Japanese site. All rights reserved.
** [http://www.geocities.jp/aynuitak/ATkana_utf-8.htm Actual Ainu Times articles]. Japanese site. License unclear.

[[Category:Sp17_ResourceDocumentation]] [[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:30:35Z

Dwurtel1: /* Developed resources */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/dmin1/ling073-ain-jje-corpus Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:28:56Z

Dwurtel1: /* 4 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|개가 뼈를 먹져|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:24:21Z

Dwurtel1: /* 2 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|눈이 녹져|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:23:24Z

Dwurtel1: /* 1 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|나가 노나|クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:22:07Z

Dwurtel1: /* 4 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:21:44Z

Dwurtel1: /* 4 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|オロタイェスエネイタㇰヒ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|オロタ{{tag|adv}} イェス{{tag|n}}{{tag|np}} エネ{{tag|adv}} イタㇰ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|vi}} ヒ{{tag|nmlz}}}}

And Jesus said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|나{{tag|prn}}{{tag|top}} 놀{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|눈{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}} 녹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}|개{{tag|n}}{{tag|top}} 뼈{{tag|n}}{{tag|acc}} 먹{{tag|v}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pres}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|예수{{tag|n}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|hon}} 그놈{{tag|prn}}{{tag|loc}} ᄀᆞ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|past}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|イテキモコㇽ|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}|자{{tag|v}}{{tag|aux}}{{tag|pres}} ᄆᆞᆯ{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:03:19Z

Dwurtel1: /* Identified differences */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
# Jeju handles negative prohibitive statements by chaining an auxiliary verb after the main verb, while Ainu prepends a prohibitive adverb before the main verb.

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|イテキモコㇽ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|イテキ{{tag|adv}}{{tag|proh}} モコㇽ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|iv}}}}

Don't sleep.

==ain-jje test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|クシノㇳ|나가 노나}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|ウパㇱル|눈이 녹져|}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|シタポネエ|개가 뼈를 먹져}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|예수님께서 그 놈신디 ᄀᆞ랐다}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|ain|jje|at the store|ᄌᆞ지 ᄆᆞᆯ라}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ain|jje|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

Don't sleep.

[[Category:Contrastive grammar]]
[[Category:Jeju]]
[[Category:Ainu]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-18T00:00:15Z

Dwurtel1: /* 5 */

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:59:58Z

Dwurtel1: /* 5 */

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:51:59Z

Dwurtel1: /* 4 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

Don't be shy!

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:51:25Z

Dwurtel1: /* 4 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

Don't be shy!

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

And Jesus answered and said unto him.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:49:20Z

Dwurtel1: /* 5 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

Don't be shy!

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:49:00Z

Dwurtel1: /* 3 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Dog eats bone.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:48:37Z

Dwurtel1: /* 2 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

Snow melts.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:48:11Z

Dwurtel1: /* 1 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

I play.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:45:53Z

Dwurtel1: /* 1 */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:45:31Z

Dwurtel1: /* Identified differences */

==Identified differences==
# Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.
# In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.
# Jeju requires that objects of verbs are marked, while in Ainu they are not marked.
# Ainu has the option for an honorific word following the thing the speaker is honoring, but does not seem to require it (at least when referring to things holy to Christianity). In Jeju, honorifics are more strict.
#

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:40:13Z

Dwurtel1: /* 2 */

==Identified differences==
aa

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

In Jeju, the subject of a sentence requires a topic clitic to follow it, while Ainu does not.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Jeju and Ainu/Contrastive Grammar

2017-03-17T23:39:02Z

Dwurtel1: /* 1 */

==Identified differences==
aa

==Developed resources==
[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073 Contrastive Grammar Repository]

==jje-ain test==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain||クシノㇳ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シノㇳ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Ainu affixes the subject (if the subject is a pronoun meaning "I" or "you") to the front of the verb. Jeju requires the subject be separate from the verb.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|ウパㇱル}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ウパㇱ{{tag|n}} ル{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|jje|ain|at the store|シタポネエ}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|jje|ain|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|シタ{{tag|n}} ポネ{{tag|n}} エ{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|tv}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

==ain-jje tests==
=== 1 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 2 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 3 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

=== 4 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

===5 ===
* {{transferTest|eng|kaz|at the store|дүкенде}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|kaz|at{{tag|prp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} store{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}

{{comment|TODO}}

Note that this goes hand-in-hand with the context-sensitive addition of a tag, which will need to happen ''before'' the words are removed.

[[Category:Sp17_ContrastiveGrammars]]