http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Kbecker2LING073 - User contributions [en]2026-10-25T03:25:54ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.27.7http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26238Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T00:00:40Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Relevant Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26237Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T00:00:16Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Relevant Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository] for Munsee-English language pair<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26236Munsee/Final Project2025-05-13T23:59:58Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Relevant Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng] for Munsee-English language pair<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26116Munsee/Final Project2025-05-09T15:33:51Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language;: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26115Munsee/Final Project2025-05-09T15:32:23Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language;: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=26015Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-05-06T15:14:47Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Possessive Personal Pronouns''<br />
* Noun phrases in English get information about possession from nouns in Munsee<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) '''nŭ'''moxoomsáya → (eng) '''my''' late grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: moxóomus<n><aa>'''<px1sg>'''<abs> <br />
<br />
* Example Output: '''prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>''' late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg> <br />
<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from nouns in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxooms'''áya''' → (eng) my '''late''' grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg>'''<abs>''' <br />
<br />
* Example Output: prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> '''late<adj><sint>''' grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 21<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 5<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 23.81 %<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 24<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 68.57 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 11<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 68.57 %<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=26014Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-05-06T15:14:18Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Possessive Personal Pronouns''<br />
* Noun phrases in English get information about possession from nouns in Munsee<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) '''nŭ'''moxoomsáya → (eng) '''my''' late grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa>'''<px1sg>'''<abs> <br />
<br />
* Example Output: ^'''prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>''' late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg> <br />
<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from nouns in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxooms'''áya''' → (eng) my '''late''' grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
* Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 21<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 5<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 23.81 %<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 24<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 68.57 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 11<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 68.57 %<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=26010Munsee and English2025-05-06T14:52:05Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) Special case of VAI imperatives when stem ends in -xiin<br />
** (3) Realizing -oo for verb stems with consonant endings<br />
** (4) Realizing shaa as shaaw when the subsequent word begins with an "a"<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=26009Munsee and English2025-05-06T14:41:29Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) Special case of VAI imperatives when stem ends in -xiin<br />
** (3) Realizing -oo for verb stems with consonant endings<br />
** (4) Realizing shaa as shaaw when the subsequent word begins with an "a"<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=26008Munsee and English2025-05-06T14:36:21Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) Special case of VAI imperatives when stem ends in -xiin<br />
** (3) Realizing -oo for negative verb stems with consonant endings<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25996Munsee and English2025-05-05T15:34:59Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) Special case of VAI imperatives when stem ends in -xiin<br />
** (3) TO BE ADDED Consonant vs Vowels for negatives <br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25995Munsee and English2025-05-05T15:14:38Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) Special case of VAI imperatives when stem ends in -xiin<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25994Munsee and English2025-05-05T15:00:23Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding both the plurality of the objects and the ending of the stems. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) (TO BE ADDED)<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25993Munsee and English2025-05-05T14:59:49Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negative Independent Indicative Mode for three of the verb classes <br />
*** (3) VII <br />
*** (4) VAI <br />
*** (5) VTA<br />
*** We have not implemented negatives for VTIs as that involves more complex rules regarding plurality of objects. <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1) Accent shifts for plurals - placed on the new penultimate vowel after a suffix is added<br />
** (2) (TO BE ADDED)<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25991Munsee and English2025-05-05T14:29:06Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol) in 5 ways'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negatives<br />
*** (3) VII Negative Independent Indicative Mode<br />
*** (4) <br />
*** (5) <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1)<br />
** (2)<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25990Munsee and English2025-05-05T14:28:30Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* '''We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
* '''We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol)'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negatives<br />
*** (3) VII Negative Independent Indicative Mode<br />
*** (4) <br />
*** (5) <br />
* '''We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1)<br />
** (2)<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25988Munsee and English2025-05-05T14:27:50Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
'''* We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary'''<br />
'''* We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol)'''<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** (1) VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** (2) VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
** Negatives<br />
*** (3) VII Negative Independent Indicative Mode<br />
*** (4) <br />
*** (5) <br />
'''* We added 4 more twol rules'''<br />
** (1)<br />
** (2)<br />
** (3)<br />
** (4)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25971Munsee and English2025-05-02T19:51:10Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Additions */</p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: '''849/1499 (56.64%)'''<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: '''609/1296 (46.99%)'''<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Laawate<adv>/Long ago<adv>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^aween<prn><pl>/person<prn><pl>$ ^moxa<adv>/very<adv>$ ^mataawsu<v><iv><aa><s_3pl>/sin<vblex><inf><s_3pl>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #Long ago all #person very #sin<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Noah<np><ant>/Noah<np><ant><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named Noah<br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Nal<adv>/Then<adv>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^*kwuphamun/*kwuphamun$ ^kpahoon<n><nn>/door<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: Then #God *kwuphamun #door<br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Kumootkeewak/*Kumootkeewak$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^waak<cnjcoo>/and<cnjcoo>$ ^*akihkakulooneewak/*akihkakulooneewak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Kumootkeewak, and *akihkakulooneewak.<br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant>/God<np><al>$ ^wulaawsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/to be holy<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #God #to be holy<br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us all."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shukw<cnjcoo>/But<cnjcoo>$ ^Pahtamawaas<np><ant><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^weemĭ<det>/all<det><qnt><pl>$ ^*ktahwaalkoona/*ktahwaalkoona$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: But God all *ktahwaalkoona<br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^Shiinzuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/To be named<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$ ^Jesus<np><ant><sg>/Jesus<np><ant><m><sg><sg>$ ^Christ<np><ant><sg>/Christ<np><al><sg><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: #To be named #Jesus #Christ<br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Shaaw/*Shaaw$ ^ang<emph>/emphatic<adj>$ ^oxkwéesus<n><aa>/girl<n><sg>$ ^manoongsuw<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>/be angry<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Shaaw emphatic girl #be angry <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Ngáleew/*Ngáleew$ ^*pambíilak/*pambíilak$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Ngáleew *pambíilak.<br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: ^*Tumúsheew/*Tumúsheew$ ^aween<prn><prn><pl><obv>/person<prn><prn><pl><obv>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: *Tumúsheew #person<br />
<br />
== Additions ==<br />
<br />
* We added a file umu.corpus.large.txt, which contains over 10K characters. Unfortunately, due to a lack of available resources, we are unable to reach 100K words.<br />
* We added 100 stems to our bilingual dictionary, for a grand total of <br />
* We expanded our morphology (lexd and twol)<br />
** Imperatives<br />
*** VTA Imperatives (for both third and first person commands)<br />
*** VAI Imperatives (for stems ending in vowels and consonants)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee&diff=25970Munsee2025-05-02T19:15:40Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Developed Resources ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-keyboard Munsee Keyboard Repository]<br />
** [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Keyboard#Existing_Resources Munsee Keyboard Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Grammar Munsee Grammar Documentation Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
**[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Transducer Munsee Transducer Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English Resources for Machine Translation between Munsee and English]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Munsee and English Contrastive Grammar]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer Munsee and English Structural Transfer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English Munsee and English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
=== Computational Resources ===<br />
<br />
* [https://help.keyman.com/keyboard/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan/9.1.1/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan (On-screen) Keyboard layout for Lunáapeewi-hulŭniixsuwáakan (Munsee)] by KeymanHelp. Free and open source.<br />
<br />
* [https://www.languagegeek.com/algon/keyboards/keymaps/Lunaapee.pdf Munsee Keyboard Layout Option] by LanguageGeek. Copyright 2007 Chris Harvey.<br />
<br />
=== Dictionaries ===<br />
<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Delaware_English/English_Delaware_Dictio.html?id=-qf5oAEACAAJ Delaware-English, English-Delaware Dictionary] by John O'Meara: first modern dictionary of Munsee Delaware, containing 7,100 entries which include grammatical information. All rights reserved.<br />
<br />
=== Grammatical Descriptions ===<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_grammar# Wikipedia page on Munsee grammar]<br />
<br />
* [https://munseedelaware.com/ Munsee Delaware website] by Robert Shubinski: contains extensive grammar lessons and example sentences based on the works of John O'Meara and Ives Goddard.<br />
<br />
* John O'Meara (1954) - "[https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/pc289k722 Delaware Stem Morphology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Bruce Pearson (1972) - "[https://lx.berkeley.edu/publications/grammar-delaware-semantics-morpho-syntax-lexicon-phonology A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Phonology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Ives Goddard (1983) - "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1265210?seq=1 The Eastern Algonquian Subordinative Mode and the Importance of Morphology]"<br />
<br />
=== Scientific Works ===<br />
<br />
* [https://journals.indianapolis.iu.edu/index.php/ias/article/download/5361/5308 Voegelin (1939): The Lenape and Munsee Dialects of Delaware, an Algonquian Language]. A very old journal article detailing a comparative study of Algonquian languages, including Munsee. Helpful for understanding certain grammatical features of the language.<br />
<br />
* [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/465986 Swiggers (1985): Munsee borrowings from Dutch: Some phonological remarks]. A brief article detailing the phonological commonalities between Munsee and Dutch.<br />
<br />
=== Corpora ===<br />
<br />
# [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee.htm Native Languages of the Americas]: compilation of Munsee language resources (free for use for [https://www.native-languages.org/faq.htm#35 noncommercial educational purposes]) including:<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_animals.htm Munsee words for animals]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_body.htm Munsee words for body parts]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_colors.htm Munsee words for colors] with distinction between animate and inanimate nouns<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/numbers/munsee_numbers.htm Munsee words for numbers]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/food/munsee_food.htm Munsee words for food]<br />
## "[https://www.bigorrin.org/archive24.htm When My Uncle Was Bewitched]": story in Munsee with English translation<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100246859/Home Munsee translation of morning and evening prayers] by Church of England, J. B. Wampum, and H. C. Hogg (1886) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100251993 Collection of hymns in Munsee and English] by Charles Halfmoon (1874) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100279714 Catechisms (summary of Christian principles in question-answer form) in Munsee] (1852) (scanned text with no English translation). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://munseedelaware.com/mahican-resource-articles/the-story-of-noah/ The Story of Noah in Munsee Delaware]: sentence-by-sentence transcription and translation of a version of the Biblical story of Noah's ark based on the 1980s [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 audio recording] of Emily Johnson for the Global Recordings Network.<br />
<br />
=== Audio/Video ===<br />
<br />
* [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 Oral narration of the Story of Noah in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nE2ymW8MqDs TPR lesson in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyRNH1w8LiE Story (with illustrations) told in Munsee]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25815Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T16:16:38Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
* Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
* Implemented Rule:<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25814Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T16:16:03Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
** Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
** Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
** Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
* Implemented Rule:<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25813Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T16:14:07Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
* Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
* Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
* Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
* Implemented Rule:<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25812Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T16:13:54Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
* Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
** Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
** Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
** Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
* Implemented Rule:<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25805Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T15:44:51Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
- Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
- Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
- Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
- Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
- Implemented Rule:<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25803Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T15:44:06Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
- Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
- Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
- Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
- Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
''Implemented Rule''<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25802Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T15:43:53Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
<br />
Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
<br />
Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
<br />
Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
<br />
''Implemented Rule''<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25801Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T15:43:39Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
<br />
Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
''Implemented Rule''<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25800Munsee and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-24T15:43:31Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Structural Transfer Rules */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
'''Statistics about input files'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 35<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 14<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 71.43 %<br />
<br />
'''Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)'''<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 33<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.29 %<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
'''Rule Description'''<br />
''Absence Suffix'' <br />
Noun phrases in English (noun w/ adjective "late") get information from noun phrases in Munsee (noun w/ absence suffix "aya").<br />
Example Translation: (umu) nŭmoxoomsáya → (eng) my late grandfather <br />
Example Input: ^moxóomus<n><aa><px1sg><abs> <br />
Example Output: ^prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> late<adj><sint> grandfather<n><sg><br />
''Implemented Rule''<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25454Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-04T02:10:31Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25452Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-04T02:09:48Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
- Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
- Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
- Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
- Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25451Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-04T02:09:23Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
- Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
- Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
- Coverage of bilingual transducer: 592/1296 (45.68%)<br />
- Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25450Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-04T02:08:57Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
Coverage of bilingual transducer: 592/1296 (45.68%)<br />
Coverage of eng.sentences.txt: <br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25448Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-04T01:56:44Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
585/1296 (45.14%)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English&diff=25330Munsee and English2025-04-02T02:47:27Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee Munsee] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-eng Repository] for language pair<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Repository] for Munsee transducer<br />
*[https://github.com/csk2027/apertium-eng Repository] for English transducer<br />
<br />
== umu → eng Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
*Coverage (number of forms analyzed) of Monolingual Transducer: 749/1499 (49.97%)<br />
*Coverage of Bilingual Transducer: 530/1296 (40.90%)<br />
*Sentences:<br />
#'''Laawate weemĭ aweeniik moxa mataawsuwak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Long ago the people of the world became very wicked." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Shiinzuw Noah.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name was Noah." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Nal Pahtamawaas kwuphamun kpahoon.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Then God shut the door."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Kumootkeewak, waak akihkakulooneewak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "They steal and lie."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Pahtamawaas wulaawsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "God is holy."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Shukw Pahtamawaas weemĭ ktahwaalkoona.'''<br />
##English Translation: "But God loves us."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Shiinzuw Jesus Christ.'''<br />
##English Translation: "His name is Jesus Christ."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Shaaw ang oxkweesus manoongsuw.'''<br />
##English Translation: "Right away the girl would get angry." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Ngáleew pambíilak.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He left behind some books."<br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
#'''Tumúsheew awéeniil.'''<br />
##English Translation: "He cut someone." <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng-biltrans</code> (Lexical Transfer) Mode: <br />
##Output of <code>umu-eng</code> (Full Translation) Mode: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish&diff=25171Category:Sp25 TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish2025-03-27T15:40:24Z<p>Kbecker2: Blanked the page</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish&diff=25163Category:Sp25 TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish2025-03-27T15:35:32Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish&diff=25158Category:Sp25 TranslationPairs/MunseeEnglish2025-03-27T15:33:26Z<p>Kbecker2: Created page with "Category:Munsee Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs"</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24820Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T20:29:13Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Notes */</p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus: 33/1024<br />
* Current list of top unknown words: <br />
** uch<br />
** waak<br />
** Nal<br />
** weemi<br />
** ha<br />
** mah<br />
** ang<br />
** ngumee<br />
** uw<br />
** nal<br />
** taa<br />
** nzhiis<br />
** nguk<br />
** kway<br />
** wtulaawal<br />
** eet<br />
** wa<br />
** njihnal<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test: 61/73 pass (0% match gold, likely due to transducer outputting multiple possible forms, some of which are not the "gold" one)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
* Coverage increased from 11/1024 to 33/1024 with the addition of 'Noah' and 'Pahtamawaas' (God) as animate noun stems.<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24819Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T20:28:19Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Notes */</p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus: 33/1024<br />
* Current list of top unknown words: <br />
** uch<br />
** waak<br />
** Nal<br />
** weemi<br />
** ha<br />
** mah<br />
** ang<br />
** ngumee<br />
** uw<br />
** nal<br />
** taa<br />
** nzhiis<br />
** nguk<br />
** kway<br />
** wtulaawal<br />
** eet<br />
** wa<br />
** njihnal<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test: 61/73 pass (0% match gold, likely due to transducer outputting multiple possible forms, some of which are not the "gold" one)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
* Coverage increased from 11/1024 to 33/1024 with the addition of 'Noah' and 'Pahtamawaas'<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24818Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T20:26:59Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus: 33/1024<br />
* Current list of top unknown words: <br />
** uch<br />
** waak<br />
** Nal<br />
** weemi<br />
** ha<br />
** mah<br />
** ang<br />
** ngumee<br />
** uw<br />
** nal<br />
** taa<br />
** nzhiis<br />
** nguk<br />
** kway<br />
** wtulaawal<br />
** eet<br />
** wa<br />
** njihnal<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test: 61/73 pass (0% match gold, likely due to transducer outputting multiple possible forms, some of which are not the "gold" one)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24817Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T20:05:52Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus: 11/1024<br />
* Current list of top unknown words: <br />
** uch<br />
** waak<br />
** Nal<br />
** weemi<br />
** ha<br />
** mah<br />
** ang<br />
** ngumee<br />
** uw<br />
** nal<br />
** taa<br />
** nzhiis<br />
** nguk<br />
** kway<br />
** Pahtamawaas<br />
** Noah<br />
** wtulaawal<br />
** eet<br />
** wa<br />
** njihnal<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test: 61/73 pass (0% match gold, likely due to transducer outputting multiple possible forms, some of which are not the "gold" one)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24816Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T20:00:16Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus: unknown<br />
** Error when using the check coverage command "can not open transducer file"<br />
* Current list of top unknown words:<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test: 61/73 pass (0% match gold, likely due to transducer outputting multiple possible forms, some of which are not the "gold" one)<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24813Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T19:19:38Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer Repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus:<br />
* Current list of top unknown words:<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test:<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24811Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T19:19:20Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
<hr />
<div>[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus:<br />
* Current list of top unknown words:<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test:<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24810Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T19:18:59Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus:<br />
* Current list of top unknown words:<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test:<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24809Munsee/Transducer2025-03-01T19:18:44Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* Total number of stems in transducer: 20<br />
* Current coverage over combined corpus:<br />
* Current list of top unknown words:<br />
* Number of tests that pass in each test:<br />
<br />
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Link to Transducer repository]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Grammar&diff=24709Munsee/Grammar2025-02-27T17:02:26Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Using the Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Parts of Speech == <br />
=== Nouns === <br />
==== Animate Nouns ====<br />
<br />
Most living things are animate, but there are exceptions such as nouns for different kinds of fruits. Some animate nouns are also not alive at all such as the words for "fingernail" and "snow".<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|oxkwéesus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|oxkwéesus}} "girl"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|pehpáxkwuleesh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|pehpáxkwuleesh}} "flower"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|kóon{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|kóon}} "snow"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|níhkash{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|níhkash}} "fingernail"<br />
<br />
==== Inanimate Nouns ====<br />
<br />
Most non-living things are inanimate, including some berries, nuts, and vegetables, even though they may be thought of as living. <br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|wtéehiim{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|wtéehiim}} "strawberry"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|mbúy{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|mbúy}} "water"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|áhpapoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|áhpapoon}} "chair"<br />
<br />
==== Personal Pronouns ====<br />
* nii {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} "me, my, I"<br />
* kii {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} "you, your"<br />
* neeka {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} "him, her; his, her; he,she"<br />
* niilóona {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} "us, our, we"<br />
* kiilóona {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} "us, our, we"<br />
* kiilóowa {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}} "your"<br />
* neekáawa {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} "their, them, they"<br />
<br />
=== Modal Particle ===<br />
Particles are words that are invariant. They do not fit into other main categories of speech, but they do serve a grammatical purpose.<br />
* {{morphTest|há {{tag|mod}}|há}} indicates a 'yes/no' question<br />
** Káta-ha-wíineew? "Is it going to snow?"<br />
<br />
=== Adjectives (Prenouns) ===<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|askii{{tag|adj}}+wuyóos{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|askii-wuyóos}} "raw meat"<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb (Preverb) ===<br />
<br />
Preverbs are modifiers that occur before verbs. They reflect a wide variety of meanings and function similarly to prenouns. The 'preverb-verb-compound stem' functions like one big new word.<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|kwáta{{tag|vaux}}+néemun{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|kwáta-néemun}} "he wants to see it"<br />
* {{morphTest|wtáalu{{tag|vaux}}+neewáawal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|wtáalu-neewáawal}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
<br />
=== Verbs ===<br />
==== Inanimate Intransitive Verbs (VIIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|wíinee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|wíineew}} "it snows"<br />
*{{morphTest|páasii{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|páasiiw}} "it swells up"<br />
<br />
==== Animate Intransitive Verbs (VAIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|kawíiw}} "he sleeps"<br />
*{{morphTest|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|alóhkeew}} "he works"<br />
<br />
==== Transitive Inanimate Verbs (VTIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|néemun}} "I saw it"<br />
*{{morphTest|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|numíichiin}} "I ate it"<br />
<br />
==== Transitive Animate Verbs (VTAs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|éew{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|néewaaw}} "I saw him"<br />
*{{morphTest|ataal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2pl}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|kataaláawuna}} "we want him"<br />
<br />
= Grammar Points =<br />
== Noun Plurals == <br />
<br />
In Munsee, plurals are formed differently for each gender:<br />
<br />
* '''Animate nouns''' take the suffix «ak»<br />
** {{morphTest|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pambíilak}} "books"<br />
** {{morphTest|moonáhkeew{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|moonahkéewak}} "groundhogs"<br />
** {{morphTest|pootaatíikan{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pootaatíikanak}} "horns"<br />
<br />
* '''Inanimate nouns''' take the suffix «al»<br />
** {{morphTest|áhpapoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|ahpapóonal}} "chairs"<br />
** {{morphTest|paxkshíikan{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|paxkshíikanal}} "knives"<br />
** {{morphTest|pakíinjuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|pakíinjŭwal}} "plates"<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' adding plural endings often results in shifting accents:<br />
*{{morphTest|pehpáxkwŭleesh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pehpaxkwŭléeshak}} "flowers"<br />
*{{morphTest|máhksun{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|mahksúnal}} "shoes"<br />
*{{morphTest|máhkahkw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|mahkáhkwal}} "pumpkins"<br />
<br />
== Demonstratives ==<br />
<br />
Demonstratives are words that indicate or point to specific entities. '''Demonstrative pronouns''' stand alone to replace nouns, while '''demonstrative determiners''' are used with nouns to add emphasis. In Munsee, demonstratives must match the gender (animate or inanimate) and plurality of nouns.<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===<br />
<br />
'''Animate demonstrative pronouns''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|ya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|ya}} ; {{morphTest|wa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wa}} ; {{morphTest|wan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wan}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yook{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|yook}} "these" <br />
*{{morphTest|na{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|na}} ; {{morphTest|nan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|nan}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|niik}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Inanimate demonstrative pronouns''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yu}} ; {{morphTest|yoon{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yoon}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yool{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|yool}} "these"<br />
*{{morphTest|nu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nu}} ; {{morphTest|nun{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nun}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niil{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|niil}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Examples in phrases''':<br />
*Wan ha meexalapóotiis. "This is a spider."<br />
*Na ha! "That's it!"<br />
*Nun eet ha. "That must be it."<br />
** "'''eet'''" is a particle (a stand-alone word independent of gender, number, and inflection.)<br />
** "'''eet'''" means "perhaps" and is used to express uncertainty, not knowing for sure.<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Determiners ===<br />
<br />
'''Animate demonstrative determiners''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|ya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|ya}} ; {{morphTest|wa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wa}} ; {{morphTest|wan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wan}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yook{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|yook}} "these" <br />
*{{morphTest|na{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|na}} ; {{morphTest|nan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|nan}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|niik}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Inanimate demonstrative determiners''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yu}} ; {{morphTest|yoon{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yoon}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yool{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|yool}} "these"<br />
*{{morphTest|nu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nu}} ; {{morphTest|nun{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nun}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niil{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|niil}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Examples''':<br />
*'''Animate''':<br />
**Wan moonáhkeew. "This groundhog"<br />
**Yook moonahkéewak. "These groundhogs"<br />
**Na moonáhkeew. "That groundhog"<br />
**Niik moonahkéewak. "Those groundhogs"<br />
<br />
*'''Inanimate''':<br />
**Yoon paxkshíikan. "This knife"<br />
**Yool paxkshíikanal. "These knives"<br />
**Nu paxkshíikan. "That knife"<br />
**Niil paxkshíikanal. "Those knives"<br />
<br />
'''Note''': proximity isn't indicated in the tags as it can be distinguished based on the lemma.<br />
<br />
== Obviative Endings ==<br />
Obviative forms are used to distinguish between 3rd person (animate) actors in a sentence when more than one exists.<br />
This involves adding a marker (typically the -al suffix) to animate nouns and verbs which refer to that 'other or obviative third person,' allowing for variation in word order without causing confusion.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|lúnuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}+néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}+óxkweewal{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|o_sg}}|lúnuw wuneewáawal óxkweewal}} "the man (proximate) - he saw her - the woman (obviative)"<br />
* {{morphTest|oxkweew{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}+néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}+lúnuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|o_sg}}|oxkweew wuneewáawal lúnuwal}} "the man (proximate) - he saw her - the woman (obviative)"<br />
<br />
== Making a Noun Possessive == <br />
The possessive suffix -um is added to indicate possession, though it is not added to every noun, and there is not a pattern as to which nouns take -um and which do not. Below are general rules for nouns that do pair with -um. For nouns that do not pair (typically ones ending in -an), -um should be omitted.<br />
* Singular possessor + Singular animate possession<br />
** something (stem) is mine: nu-(stem)-um <br />
** something (stem) is yours: ku-(stem)-um<br />
** something (stem) is his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al (made obviative, discussed elsewhere on this page)<br />
* Singular possessor + Plural animate possessions<br />
** Things (stem) are mine: nu-(stem)-um-ak <br />
** Things (stem) are yours: ku-(stem)-um-ak<br />
** Things (stem) are his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al (obviative)<br />
* Plural possessors + Singular or plural animate possession<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (excl): nu-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (inc): ku-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/our yours: ku-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
** Something/things is/our theirs: wu-(stem)-um-uwaawal<br />
* Singular possessor + Singular inanimate possession<br />
** Something (stem) is mine: nu-(stem)-um<br />
** Something (stem) is yours: ku-(stem)-um<br />
** Something (stem) is his or hers: wu-(stem)-um<br />
* Singular possessor + Plural inanimate possessions<br />
** Things (stem) are mine: nu-(stem)-um-al <br />
** Things (stem) are yours: ku-(stem)-um-al<br />
** Things (stem) are his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al <br />
* Plural possessors + Singular or plural inanimate possession<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (excl): nu-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (incl): ku-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are yours: ku-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
** Something/things is/are theirs: wu-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
<br />
<br />
Examples <br />
* {{morphTest|míhtukw{{tag|px2sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|kŭmíhtkwum "your tree"}} <br />
* {{morphTest|míhtukw{{tag|px2sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|kŭmíhtkwumak "your trees"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|mìhtkuw{{tag|px1pl}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|nŭmìhtkwumúna "our trees"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|ahpapóon{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|wtahpapóonuwa "their chairs"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|óohŭm{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|óohŭmal "his grandmother(s)"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Locative Suffix == <br />
* -ung (see table below for vowel contraction rules)<br />
* Turns a noun into a location by adding meaning:<br />
** 'to the'<br />
** 'at the'<br />
** 'in the'<br />
** 'on the'<br />
* There are rules for the contracted form of -ung<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Contraction Rules for ung<br />
|-<br />
! Morphemes !! Contracted Form<br />
|-<br />
| ay + ung || eeng <br />
|-<br />
| uy + ung || iing<br />
|-<br />
| uw + ung || oong <br />
|}<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
* {{morphTest|wííkwahm{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|wííkwahmung "in/at the house"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|mbúy{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|mbiing "in the water"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|áanay{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|áaneeng "on the road"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|síipuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|síipoong "to the river"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Absence Suffix == <br />
* The ending -aya marks a noun as 'recently deceased'<br />
* Only used on person name nouns and nouns that describe familial relationships (NOT plural or inanimate nouns)<br />
** {{morphTest|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}} | numoxóomus "my grandfather"}}<br />
** {{morphTest|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|abs}}| nŭmoxoomsáya "my late grandfather"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Four Verb Types ==<br />
There are four basic verb types in Munsee, classified according to animacy and transitivity. Each verb type conjugates by adding prefixes and suffixes to a verb type.<br />
<br />
=== Intransitive Inanimate Verbs (VIIs) ===<br />
Intransitive inanimate verbs (VIIs) use an inanimate third person subject (it or they) and do not take a verb object.<br />
VIIs conjugate by adding suffixes to the verb stem.<br />
<br />
==== Independent Indicative Conjugation Paradigm ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VII Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| (stem)-(w) || 3rd sg: it — <br />
|-<br />
| (stem)-(wal) || 3rd pl: they —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|wíinee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|wíineew}} "it snows"<br />
*{{morphTest|páasii{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|páasiiw}} "it swells up"<br />
<br />
=== Intransitive Animate Verbs (VAIs) ===<br />
VAIs are verbs that have an animate subject but no object. In other words, these verbs talk about people doing things.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VAI Stable Vowel Stem Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(vowel stem)-m^ || I —<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-m^ || You —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-w || He or She —<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(vowel stem)-hna || We — (exclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-hna || We — (inclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-hmwa || Ye —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-wak || They —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-n ||There is —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
''^(m) optionally drops''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VAI Consonant Stem Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(consonant stem)|| I —<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)|| You —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem) || He or She —<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(consonant stem)-óhna || We — (exclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)-óhna || We — (inclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)-óhmwa || Ye —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem)-ook|| They —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem)-un ||There is —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|kawíiw}} "he sleeps"<br />
*{{morphTest|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|alóhkeew}} "he works"<br />
<br />
=== Transitive Inanimate Verbs (VTIs) ===<br />
VTIs have an animate subject and take an inanimate object. In other words, these verbs talk about "people doing stuff with stuff."<br />
VTIs take the following form:<br />
* subject — verb — object<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|néemun}} "I saw it"<br />
*{{morphTest|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|numíichiin}} "I ate it"<br />
<br />
=== Transitive Animate Verbs (VTAs) ===<br />
VTAs have animate subjects and take animate objects. They talk about people doing things with or to people.<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|éew{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|néewaaw}} "I saw him"<br />
*{{morphTest|ataal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2pl}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|kataaláawuna}} "we want him"<br />
<br />
== Preverbs ==<br />
* Preverbs are added before verbs to form compound words, and they add meaning similarly to how prenouns add meaning to nouns.<br />
* When present, prefixes are added to the beginning of the preverb part of the compound word, and suffixes are added onto the end in the following fashion:<br />
** prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix<br />
* Examples:<br />
** aalu- is a preverb meaning 'unable to'<br />
*** Without the preverb: {{MorphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}} | wuneewáawal "he sees him"}}<br />
*** With the preverb: {{morphTest|wtáalu{{tag|vaux}}+neewáawal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|wtáalu-neewáawal}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
**** wu-(aalu)-(neew)-aawal follows the prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix structure<br />
**kata- is a preverb meaning ‘want, intend to’<br />
*** Without the preverb: {{MorphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}} | wunéemun "he sees it"}}<br />
***With the preverb: {{morphTest| kwáta{{tag|vaux}}+ néemun{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}| kwáta-néemun}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
**** wu-(kata)-(neem)-un follows the prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix structure<br />
**** beginning pattern: wu + k = kw<br />
<br />
== Using the 'meat of' Suffix==<br />
* The suffix -eewakw can be added to an animate, animal noun to form a new word that means the meat of that animal.<br />
* Examples: <br />
** {{MorphTest|kóowuy|cow}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|kóowuy{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|kooyéewakw "beef"}}<br />
** {{MorphTest|na kooshkoosh |pig}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|kooshkoosh {{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|kooshkooshéewakw "pork"}}<br />
** {{MorphTest|atoh|deer}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|atoh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|atohéewakw "venison"}} <br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Grammar&diff=24701Munsee/Grammar2025-02-27T16:57:39Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Making a Noun Possessive */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Parts of Speech == <br />
=== Nouns === <br />
==== Animate Nouns ====<br />
<br />
Most living things are animate, but there are exceptions such as nouns for different kinds of fruits. Some animate nouns are also not alive at all such as the words for "fingernail" and "snow".<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|oxkwéesus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|oxkwéesus}} "girl"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|pehpáxkwuleesh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|pehpáxkwuleesh}} "flower"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|kóon{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|kóon}} "snow"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|níhkash{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|níhkash}} "fingernail"<br />
<br />
==== Inanimate Nouns ====<br />
<br />
Most non-living things are inanimate, including some berries, nuts, and vegetables, even though they may be thought of as living. <br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|wtéehiim{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|wtéehiim}} "strawberry"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|mbúy{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|mbúy}} "water"<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|áhpapoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|áhpapoon}} "chair"<br />
<br />
==== Personal Pronouns ====<br />
* nii {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} "me, my, I"<br />
* kii {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} "you, your"<br />
* neeka {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} "him, her; his, her; he,she"<br />
* niilóona {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} "us, our, we"<br />
* kiilóona {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} "us, our, we"<br />
* kiilóowa {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}} "your"<br />
* neekáawa {{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} "their, them, they"<br />
<br />
=== Modal Particle ===<br />
Particles are words that are invariant. They do not fit into other main categories of speech, but they do serve a grammatical purpose.<br />
* {{morphTest|há {{tag|mod}}|há}} indicates a 'yes/no' question<br />
** Káta-ha-wíineew? "Is it going to snow?"<br />
<br />
=== Adjectives (Prenouns) ===<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|askii{{tag|adj}}+wuyóos{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}|askii-wuyóos}} "raw meat"<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb (Preverb) ===<br />
<br />
Preverbs are modifiers that occur before verbs. They reflect a wide variety of meanings and function similarly to prenouns. The 'preverb-verb-compound stem' functions like one big new word.<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|kwáta{{tag|vaux}}+néemun{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|kwáta-néemun}} "he wants to see it"<br />
* {{morphTest|wtáalu{{tag|vaux}}+neewáawal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|wtáalu-neewáawal}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
<br />
=== Verbs ===<br />
==== Inanimate Intransitive Verbs (VIIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|wíinee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|wíineew}} "it snows"<br />
*{{morphTest|páasii{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|páasiiw}} "it swells up"<br />
<br />
==== Animate Intransitive Verbs (VAIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|kawíiw}} "he sleeps"<br />
*{{morphTest|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|alóhkeew}} "he works"<br />
<br />
==== Transitive Inanimate Verbs (VTIs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|néemun}} "I saw it"<br />
*{{morphTest|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|numíichiin}} "I ate it"<br />
<br />
==== Transitive Animate Verbs (VTAs) ====<br />
*{{morphTest|éew{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|néewaaw}} "I saw him"<br />
*{{morphTest|ataal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2pl}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|kataaláawuna}} "we want him"<br />
<br />
= Grammar Points =<br />
== Noun Plurals == <br />
<br />
In Munsee, plurals are formed differently for each gender:<br />
<br />
* '''Animate nouns''' take the suffix «ak»<br />
** {{morphTest|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pambíilak}} "books"<br />
** {{morphTest|moonáhkeew{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|moonahkéewak}} "groundhogs"<br />
** {{morphTest|pootaatíikan{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pootaatíikanak}} "horns"<br />
<br />
* '''Inanimate nouns''' take the suffix «al»<br />
** {{morphTest|áhpapoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|ahpapóonal}} "chairs"<br />
** {{morphTest|paxkshíikan{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|paxkshíikanal}} "knives"<br />
** {{morphTest|pakíinjuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|pakíinjŭwal}} "plates"<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' adding plural endings often results in shifting accents:<br />
*{{morphTest|pehpáxkwŭleesh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|pehpaxkwŭléeshak}} "flowers"<br />
*{{morphTest|máhksun{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|mahksúnal}} "shoes"<br />
*{{morphTest|máhkahkw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|mahkáhkwal}} "pumpkins"<br />
<br />
== Demonstratives ==<br />
<br />
Demonstratives are words that indicate or point to specific entities. '''Demonstrative pronouns''' stand alone to replace nouns, while '''demonstrative determiners''' are used with nouns to add emphasis. In Munsee, demonstratives must match the gender (animate or inanimate) and plurality of nouns.<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Pronouns ===<br />
<br />
'''Animate demonstrative pronouns''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|ya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|ya}} ; {{morphTest|wa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wa}} ; {{morphTest|wan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wan}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yook{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|yook}} "these" <br />
*{{morphTest|na{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|na}} ; {{morphTest|nan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|nan}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|niik}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Inanimate demonstrative pronouns''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yu}} ; {{morphTest|yoon{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yoon}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yool{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|yool}} "these"<br />
*{{morphTest|nu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nu}} ; {{morphTest|nun{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nun}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niil{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|niil}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Examples in phrases''':<br />
*Wan ha meexalapóotiis. "This is a spider."<br />
*Na ha! "That's it!"<br />
*Nun eet ha. "That must be it."<br />
** "'''eet'''" is a particle (a stand-alone word independent of gender, number, and inflection.)<br />
** "'''eet'''" means "perhaps" and is used to express uncertainty, not knowing for sure.<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Determiners ===<br />
<br />
'''Animate demonstrative determiners''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|ya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|ya}} ; {{morphTest|wa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wa}} ; {{morphTest|wan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|wan}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yook{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|yook}} "these" <br />
*{{morphTest|na{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|na}} ; {{morphTest|nan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|aa}}|nan}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|aa}}|niik}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Inanimate demonstrative determiners''':<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yu}} ; {{morphTest|yoon{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|yoon}} "this"<br />
*{{morphTest|yool{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|yool}} "these"<br />
*{{morphTest|nu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nu}} ; {{morphTest|nun{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nn}}|nun}} "that"<br />
*{{morphTest|niil{{tag|prn}}{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nn}}|niil}} "those"<br />
<br />
'''Examples''':<br />
*'''Animate''':<br />
**Wan moonáhkeew. "This groundhog"<br />
**Yook moonahkéewak. "These groundhogs"<br />
**Na moonáhkeew. "That groundhog"<br />
**Niik moonahkéewak. "Those groundhogs"<br />
<br />
*'''Inanimate''':<br />
**Yoon paxkshíikan. "This knife"<br />
**Yool paxkshíikanal. "These knives"<br />
**Nu paxkshíikan. "That knife"<br />
**Niil paxkshíikanal. "Those knives"<br />
<br />
'''Note''': proximity isn't indicated in the tags as it can be distinguished based on the lemma.<br />
<br />
== Obviative Endings ==<br />
Obviative forms are used to distinguish between 3rd person (animate) actors in a sentence when more than one exists.<br />
This involves adding a marker (typically the -al suffix) to animate nouns and verbs which refer to that 'other or obviative third person,' allowing for variation in word order without causing confusion.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<br />
* {{morphTest|lúnuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}+néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}+óxkweewal{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|o_sg}}|lúnuw wuneewáawal óxkweewal}} "the man (proximate) - he saw her - the woman (obviative)"<br />
* {{morphTest|oxkweew{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}+néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}+lúnuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|o_sg}}|oxkweew wuneewáawal lúnuwal}} "the man (proximate) - he saw her - the woman (obviative)"<br />
<br />
== Making a Noun Possessive == <br />
The possessive suffix -um is added to indicate possession, though it is not added to every noun, and there is not a pattern as to which nouns take -um and which do not. Below are general rules for nouns that do pair with -um. For nouns that do not pair (typically ones ending in -an), -um should be omitted.<br />
* Singular possessor + Singular animate possession<br />
** something (stem) is mine: nu-(stem)-um <br />
** something (stem) is yours: ku-(stem)-um<br />
** something (stem) is his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al (made obviative, discussed elsewhere on this page)<br />
* Singular possessor + Plural animate possessions<br />
** Things (stem) are mine: nu-(stem)-um-ak <br />
** Things (stem) are yours: ku-(stem)-um-ak<br />
** Things (stem) are his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al (obviative)<br />
* Plural possessors + Singular or plural animate possession<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (excl): nu-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (inc): ku-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/our yours: ku-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
** Something/things is/our theirs: wu-(stem)-um-uwaawal<br />
* Singular possessor + Singular inanimate possession<br />
** Something (stem) is mine: nu-(stem)-um<br />
** Something (stem) is yours: ku-(stem)-um<br />
** Something (stem) is his or hers: wu-(stem)-um<br />
* Singular possessor + Plural inanimate possessions<br />
** Things (stem) are mine: nu-(stem)-um-al <br />
** Things (stem) are yours: ku-(stem)-um-al<br />
** Things (stem) are his or hers: wu-(stem)-um-al <br />
* Plural possessors + Singular or plural inanimate possession<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (excl): nu-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are ours (incl): ku-(stem)-um-una<br />
** Something/things is/are yours: ku-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
** Something/things is/are theirs: wu-(stem)-um-uwa<br />
<br />
<br />
Examples <br />
* {{morphTest|míhtukw{{tag|px2sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}|kŭmíhtkwum "your tree"}} <br />
* {{morphTest|míhtukw{{tag|px2sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|kŭmíhtkwumak "your trees"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|mìhtkuw{{tag|px1pl}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|nŭmìhtkwumúna "our trees"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|ahpapóon{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|pl}}|wtahpapóonuwa "their chairs"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|óohŭm{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|pl}}|óohŭmal "his grandmother(s)"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Locative Suffix == <br />
* -ung (see table below for vowel contraction rules)<br />
* Turns a noun into a location by adding meaning:<br />
** 'to the'<br />
** 'at the'<br />
** 'in the'<br />
** 'on the'<br />
* There are rules for the contracted form of -ung<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Contraction Rules for ung<br />
|-<br />
! Morphemes !! Contracted Form<br />
|-<br />
| ay + ung || eeng <br />
|-<br />
| uy + ung || iing<br />
|-<br />
| uw + ung || oong <br />
|}<br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
* {{morphTest|wííkwahm{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|wííkwahmung "in/at the house"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|mbúy{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|mbiing "in the water"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|áanay{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|áaneeng "on the road"}}<br />
* {{morphTest|síipuw{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|loc}}|síipoong "to the river"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Absence Suffix == <br />
* The ending -aya marks a noun as 'recently deceased'<br />
* Only used on person name nouns and nouns that describe familial relationships (NOT plural or inanimate nouns)<br />
** {{morphTest|numoxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}} | numoxóomus "my grandfather"}}<br />
** {{morphTest|numoxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|abs}}| nŭmoxoomsáya "my late grandfather"}}<br />
<br />
== Using the Four Verb Types ==<br />
There are four basic verb types in Munsee, classified according to animacy and transitivity. Each verb type conjugates by adding prefixes and suffixes to a verb type.<br />
<br />
=== Intransitive Inanimate Verbs (VIIs) ===<br />
Intransitive inanimate verbs (VIIs) use an inanimate third person subject (it or they) and do not take a verb object.<br />
VIIs conjugate by adding suffixes to the verb stem.<br />
<br />
==== Independent Indicative Conjugation Paradigm ====<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VII Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| (stem)-(w) || 3rd sg: it — <br />
|-<br />
| (stem)-(wal) || 3rd pl: they —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|wíinee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|wíineew}} "it snows"<br />
*{{morphTest|páasii{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|páasiiw}} "it swells up"<br />
<br />
=== Intransitive Animate Verbs (VAIs) ===<br />
VAIs are verbs that have an animate subject but no object. In other words, these verbs talk about people doing things.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VAI Stable Vowel Stem Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(vowel stem)-m^ || I —<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-m^ || You —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-w || He or She —<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(vowel stem)-hna || We — (exclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-hna || We — (inclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(vowel stem)-hmwa || Ye —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-wak || They —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(vowel stem)-n ||There is —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
''^(m) optionally drops''<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ VAI Consonant Stem Independent Indicative Mode<br />
|-<br />
! Conjugation Paradigm !! Meaning<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(consonant stem)|| I —<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)|| You —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem) || He or She —<br />
|-<br />
| nu-(consonant stem)-óhna || We — (exclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)-óhna || We — (inclusive)<br />
|-<br />
| ku-(consonant stem)-óhmwa || Ye —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem)-ook|| They —<br />
|-<br />
| —-(consonant stem)-un ||There is —<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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*{{morphTest|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|kawíiw}} "he sleeps"<br />
*{{morphTest|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|alóhkeew}} "he works"<br />
<br />
=== Transitive Inanimate Verbs (VTIs) ===<br />
VTIs have an animate subject and take an inanimate object. In other words, these verbs talk about "people doing stuff with stuff."<br />
VTIs take the following form:<br />
* subject — verb — object<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|néemun}} "I saw it"<br />
*{{morphTest|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|numíichiin}} "I ate it"<br />
<br />
=== Transitive Animate Verbs (VTAs) ===<br />
VTAs have animate subjects and take animate objects. They talk about people doing things with or to people.<br />
<br />
*{{morphTest|éew{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|néewaaw}} "I saw him"<br />
*{{morphTest|ataal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2pl}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|kataaláawuna}} "we want him"<br />
<br />
== Preverbs ==<br />
* Preverbs are added before verbs to form compound words, and they add meaning similarly to how prenouns add meaning to nouns.<br />
* When present, prefixes are added to the beginning of the preverb part of the compound word, and suffixes are added onto the end in the following fashion:<br />
** prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix<br />
* Examples:<br />
** aalu- is a preverb meaning 'unable to'<br />
*** Without the preverb: {{MorphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}} | wuneewáawal "he sees him"}}<br />
*** With the preverb: {{morphTest|wtáalu{{tag|vaux}}+neewáawal{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|wtáalu-neewáawal}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
**** wu-(aalu)-(neew)-aawal follows the prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix structure<br />
**kata- is a preverb meaning ‘want, intend to’<br />
*** Without the preverb: {{MorphTest|neem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}} | wunéemun "he sees it"}}<br />
***With the preverb: {{morphTest| kwáta{{tag|vaux}}+ néemun{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}| kwáta-néemun}} "he is unable to see him"<br />
**** wu-(kata)-(neem)-un follows the prefix-(preverb)-(verb)-suffix structure<br />
**** beginning pattern: wu + k = kw<br />
<br />
== Using the 'meat of' Suffix==<br />
* The suffix -eewakw can be added to an animate, animal noun to form a new word that means the meat of that animal.<br />
* Examples: <br />
** {{MorphTest|kóowuy|cow}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|kóowuy{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|kooyéewakw "beef"}}<br />
** {{MorphTest|na kooshkoosh |pig}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|kooshkoosh {{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|kooshkooshéewakw "pork"}}<br />
** {{MorphTest|atoh|deer}}<br />
*** {{MorphTest|atoh{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|meat}}|atohéewakw "venison"}} <br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Munsee]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Transducer&diff=24686Munsee/Transducer2025-02-27T16:40:08Z<p>Kbecker2: </p>
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<div>== Evaluation ==<br />
== Notes ==<br />
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[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]]</div>Kbecker2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee&diff=24685Munsee2025-02-27T16:39:25Z<p>Kbecker2: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Developed Resources ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-keyboard Munsee Keyboard Repository]<br />
** [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Keyboard#Existing_Resources Munsee Keyboard Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Grammar Munsee Grammar Documentation Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Transducer Munsee Transducer Wiki Page]<br />
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== External Resources ==<br />
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=== Computational Resources ===<br />
<br />
* [https://help.keyman.com/keyboard/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan/9.1.1/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan (On-screen) Keyboard layout for Lunáapeewi-hulŭniixsuwáakan (Munsee)] by KeymanHelp. Free and open source.<br />
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* [https://www.languagegeek.com/algon/keyboards/keymaps/Lunaapee.pdf Munsee Keyboard Layout Option] by LanguageGeek. Copyright 2007 Chris Harvey.<br />
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=== Dictionaries ===<br />
<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Delaware_English/English_Delaware_Dictio.html?id=-qf5oAEACAAJ Delaware-English, English-Delaware Dictionary] by John O'Meara: first modern dictionary of Munsee Delaware, containing 7,100 entries which include grammatical information. All rights reserved.<br />
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=== Grammatical Descriptions ===<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_grammar# Wikipedia page on Munsee grammar]<br />
<br />
* [https://munseedelaware.com/ Munsee Delaware website] by Robert Shubinski: contains extensive grammar lessons and example sentences based on the works of John O'Meara and Ives Goddard.<br />
<br />
* John O'Meara (1954) - "[https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/pc289k722 Delaware Stem Morphology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Bruce Pearson (1972) - "[https://lx.berkeley.edu/publications/grammar-delaware-semantics-morpho-syntax-lexicon-phonology A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Phonology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Ives Goddard (1983) - "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1265210?seq=1 The Eastern Algonquian Subordinative Mode and the Importance of Morphology]"<br />
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=== Scientific Works ===<br />
<br />
* [https://journals.indianapolis.iu.edu/index.php/ias/article/download/5361/5308 Voegelin (1939): The Lenape and Munsee Dialects of Delaware, an Algonquian Language]. A very old journal article detailing a comparative study of Algonquian languages, including Munsee. Helpful for understanding certain grammatical features of the language.<br />
<br />
* [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/465986 Swiggers (1985): Munsee borrowings from Dutch: Some phonological remarks]. A brief article detailing the phonological commonalities between Munsee and Dutch.<br />
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=== Corpora ===<br />
<br />
# [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee.htm Native Languages of the Americas]: compilation of Munsee language resources (free for use for [https://www.native-languages.org/faq.htm#35 noncommercial educational purposes]) including:<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_animals.htm Munsee words for animals]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_body.htm Munsee words for body parts]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_colors.htm Munsee words for colors] with distinction between animate and inanimate nouns<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/numbers/munsee_numbers.htm Munsee words for numbers]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/food/munsee_food.htm Munsee words for food]<br />
## "[https://www.bigorrin.org/archive24.htm When My Uncle Was Bewitched]": story in Munsee with English translation<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100246859/Home Munsee translation of morning and evening prayers] by Church of England, J. B. Wampum, and H. C. Hogg (1886) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100251993 Collection of hymns in Munsee and English] by Charles Halfmoon (1874) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100279714 Catechisms (summary of Christian principles in question-answer form) in Munsee] (1852) (scanned text with no English translation). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://munseedelaware.com/mahican-resource-articles/the-story-of-noah/ The Story of Noah in Munsee Delaware]: sentence-by-sentence transcription and translation of a version of the Biblical story of Noah's ark based on the 1980s [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 audio recording] of Emily Johnson for the Global Recordings Network.<br />
<br />
=== Audio/Video ===<br />
<br />
* [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 Oral narration of the Story of Noah in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nE2ymW8MqDs TPR lesson in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyRNH1w8LiE Story (with illustrations) told in Munsee]<br />
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[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]</div>Kbecker2