http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Lpark4LING073 - User contributions [en]2026-10-25T03:25:56ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.27.7http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Transducer&diff=26105Belizean Creole/Transducer2025-05-09T01:39:43Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Resources ==<br />
<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf<br />
<br />
== GitHub Repository ==<br />
<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
{{comment|Missing number of stems in the transducer (total and then by lexicon) [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Morphological_analyser#Evaluation check here for the specific directions], and then also maybe paste in which tests pass and fail (output of <code>apertium-regtest test -c .-morph</code>) <br />
<br />
Also headers for which part is Analysis and which part is Generation would be nice!<br />
<br />
--Keira}}<br />
<br />
Coverage: 154/1284 (~11.9%)<br />
<br />
Current List of Unknown Words:<br />
<br />
di <unk><br />
<br />
ahn <unk><br />
<br />
weh <unk><br />
<br />
da <unk><br />
<br />
ih <unk><br />
<br />
hihn <unk><br />
<br />
unu <unk><br />
<br />
noh <unk><br />
<br />
fi <unk><br />
<br />
Ai <unk><br />
<br />
Di <unk><br />
<br />
si <unk><br />
<br />
Jeezas <unk><br />
<br />
dat <unk><br />
<br />
noa <unk><br />
<br />
du <unk><br />
<br />
dehn seh <unk><br />
<br />
Ah <unk><br />
<br />
blain <unk><br />
<br />
==Test Results==<br />
Corpus 1 of 8: Regular Plurals-morph<br />
11/11 (100.0%) tests pass (11/11 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
Corpus 2 of 8: Verb Tenses-morph<br />
11/11 (100.0%) tests pass (11/11 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
Corpus 3 of 8: Pronouns-morph<br />
3/6 (50.0%) tests pass (3/3 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
Corpus 4 of 8: Demonstrative Adjectives-morph<br />
0/3 (0.0%) tests pass<br />
<br />
Corpus 5 of 8: Reduplication-morph<br />
3/3 (100.0%) tests pass (3/3 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
Corpus 6 of 8: Possessive Pronouns-morph<br />
0/3 (0.0%) tests pass<br />
<br />
Corpus 7 of 8: Degree Adverbs-morph<br />
3/3 (100.0%) tests pass (3/3 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
Corpus 8 of 8: Auxiliary Verb Negation-morph<br />
3/3 (100.0%) tests pass (3/3 (100.0%) match gold)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
Some of the tests didn't work because the grammar points were complicated for us to implement at this point, so we focused on the points that we could analyze more accurately.<br />
<br />
By adding the pronoun "yoo," which is a different form of "yu," we increased the coverage from 140 to 154 out of 1284. the percentages improved from 10.9% to 11.9%.<br />
<br />
We have 21 stems in our transducer.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation==<br />
<br />
Out of 43 tests, 37 of them are passing the gold standard. We did not have any need to add twol rules(consulted with Prof.). Rather, we added more accurate Lexicon rules to increase in accuracy.<br />
<br />
After running on our corpus, our coverage is now 182 / 1279 (~0.1422)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26098Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-05-09T01:26:13Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo. {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26097Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-05-09T01:25:08Z<p>Lpark4: /* Demonstrative Adjectives */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo. {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26096Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-05-09T01:24:35Z<p>Lpark4: /* Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo. {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26095Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-05-09T01:23:59Z<p>Lpark4: /* Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo. {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Keyboard&diff=26094Belizean Creole/Keyboard2025-05-09T01:15:06Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{comment|Some of the alt-GR keys aren't working correctly: ɔ, ɛ, ʃ, and ŋ are all good, but ʒ and dʒ don't appear, and tʃ has replaced the normal c, and c is on the Alt-GR layer instead. Also I would recommend moving this page to Belizean Creole/Keyboard (go to more at the top right and move), and putting it under <nowiki>[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</nowiki> instead of BelizeCreole, or moving everything under Belize Creole instead (but the former would be fewer steps) just to have everything easily accessible under one category. -Keira}}<br />
<br />
== IPA Keyboard Resources ==<br />
https://apics-online.info/surveys/9<br />
<br />
== Existing Belize Creole Keyboard ==<br />
https://www.dsi-keyboards.com/shop/keyboards-categories/parts-and-components/belieze-english-keyboard-labels/<br />
<br />
This keyboard has the same layout as a standard American English keyboard, so all operating systems have this keyboard. There is only one layout for Belize Creole keyboards. A strength is that users are also able to type in English. A weakness is that using the same layout as standard American English could send the message that Belize Creole is just a variety of English, which could be interpreted from a colonial perspective.<br />
<br />
== Justification ==<br />
Our base keyboard was the standard American English keyboard because the structure and layout are the same as the keyboard typically used for Belize Creole. Instead of simply copying the American English keyboard, we created a keyboard using the IPA symbols for phonemes used in Belize Creole. We used the Alt Gr function to include the IPA symbols that are not similar to existing English characters, and tried to put those IPA symbols on the keys of existing characters with similar manners or places of articulation.<br />
<br />
== Belize Creole IPA Keyboard Layout ==<br />
<br />
<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~}} {{kbdkey|1|!}} {{kbdkey|2|@}} {{kbdkey|3|#}} {{kbdkey|4|$}} {{kbdkey|5|%}} {{kbdkey|6|^}} {{kbdkey|7|&}} {{kbdkey|8|*}} {{kbdkey|9|(}} {{kbdkey|0|)}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2|{{kbdkey|q|Q}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|r|R}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y|ɛ}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O|ɔ}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S|ʃ}} {{kbdkey|d|D|dʒ}} {{kbdkey|f|F}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|j|J}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow4|{{kbdkey|z|Z|ʒ}} {{kbdkey|x|X}} {{kbdkey|c|C|tʃ}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N|ŋ}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|/|?}} }}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
[steps needed to install keyboard]<br />
[how keyboard layout is licensed]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_KeyboardLayouts]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Keyboard&diff=26092Belizean Creole/Keyboard2025-05-09T01:14:45Z<p>Lpark4: Lpark4 moved page Belize Creole/Keyboard to Belizean Creole/Keyboard</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comment|Some of the alt-GR keys aren't working correctly: ɔ, ɛ, ʃ, and ŋ are all good, but ʒ and dʒ don't appear, and tʃ has replaced the normal c, and c is on the Alt-GR layer instead. Also I would recommend moving this page to Belizean Creole/Keyboard (go to more at the top right and move), and putting it under <nowiki>[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</nowiki> instead of BelizeCreole, or moving everything under Belize Creole instead (but the former would be fewer steps) just to have everything easily accessible under one category. -Keira}}<br />
<br />
== IPA Keyboard Resources ==<br />
https://apics-online.info/surveys/9<br />
<br />
== Existing Belize Creole Keyboard ==<br />
https://www.dsi-keyboards.com/shop/keyboards-categories/parts-and-components/belieze-english-keyboard-labels/<br />
<br />
This keyboard has the same layout as a standard American English keyboard, so all operating systems have this keyboard. There is only one layout for Belize Creole keyboards. A strength is that users are also able to type in English. A weakness is that using the same layout as standard American English could send the message that Belize Creole is just a variety of English, which could be interpreted from a colonial perspective.<br />
<br />
== Justification ==<br />
Our base keyboard was the standard American English keyboard because the structure and layout are the same as the keyboard typically used for Belize Creole. Instead of simply copying the American English keyboard, we created a keyboard using the IPA symbols for phonemes used in Belize Creole. We used the Alt Gr function to include the IPA symbols that are not similar to existing English characters, and tried to put those IPA symbols on the keys of existing characters with similar manners or places of articulation.<br />
<br />
== Belize Creole IPA Keyboard Layout ==<br />
<br />
<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~}} {{kbdkey|1|!}} {{kbdkey|2|@}} {{kbdkey|3|#}} {{kbdkey|4|$}} {{kbdkey|5|%}} {{kbdkey|6|^}} {{kbdkey|7|&}} {{kbdkey|8|*}} {{kbdkey|9|(}} {{kbdkey|0|)}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2|{{kbdkey|q|Q}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|r|R}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y|ɛ}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O|ɔ}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S|ʃ}} {{kbdkey|d|D|dʒ}} {{kbdkey|f|F}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|j|J}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow4|{{kbdkey|z|Z|ʒ}} {{kbdkey|x|X}} {{kbdkey|c|C|tʃ}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N|ŋ}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|/|?}} }}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
[steps needed to install keyboard]<br />
[how keyboard layout is licensed]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_KeyboardLayouts]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole/Keyboard&diff=26093Belize Creole/Keyboard2025-05-09T01:14:45Z<p>Lpark4: Lpark4 moved page Belize Creole/Keyboard to Belizean Creole/Keyboard</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Belizean Creole/Keyboard]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=BelizeCreole/Keyboard&diff=26091BelizeCreole/Keyboard2025-05-09T01:14:20Z<p>Lpark4: Lpark4 moved page BelizeCreole/Keyboard to Belize Creole/Keyboard</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Belize Creole/Keyboard]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Keyboard&diff=26090Belizean Creole/Keyboard2025-05-09T01:14:20Z<p>Lpark4: Lpark4 moved page BelizeCreole/Keyboard to Belize Creole/Keyboard</p>
<hr />
<div>{{comment|Some of the alt-GR keys aren't working correctly: ɔ, ɛ, ʃ, and ŋ are all good, but ʒ and dʒ don't appear, and tʃ has replaced the normal c, and c is on the Alt-GR layer instead. Also I would recommend moving this page to Belizean Creole/Keyboard (go to more at the top right and move), and putting it under <nowiki>[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</nowiki> instead of BelizeCreole, or moving everything under Belize Creole instead (but the former would be fewer steps) just to have everything easily accessible under one category. -Keira}}<br />
<br />
== IPA Keyboard Resources ==<br />
https://apics-online.info/surveys/9<br />
<br />
== Existing Belize Creole Keyboard ==<br />
https://www.dsi-keyboards.com/shop/keyboards-categories/parts-and-components/belieze-english-keyboard-labels/<br />
<br />
This keyboard has the same layout as a standard American English keyboard, so all operating systems have this keyboard. There is only one layout for Belize Creole keyboards. A strength is that users are also able to type in English. A weakness is that using the same layout as standard American English could send the message that Belize Creole is just a variety of English, which could be interpreted from a colonial perspective.<br />
<br />
== Justification ==<br />
Our base keyboard was the standard American English keyboard because the structure and layout are the same as the keyboard typically used for Belize Creole. Instead of simply copying the American English keyboard, we created a keyboard using the IPA symbols for phonemes used in Belize Creole. We used the Alt Gr function to include the IPA symbols that are not similar to existing English characters, and tried to put those IPA symbols on the keys of existing characters with similar manners or places of articulation.<br />
<br />
== Belize Creole IPA Keyboard Layout ==<br />
<br />
<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~}} {{kbdkey|1|!}} {{kbdkey|2|@}} {{kbdkey|3|#}} {{kbdkey|4|$}} {{kbdkey|5|%}} {{kbdkey|6|^}} {{kbdkey|7|&}} {{kbdkey|8|*}} {{kbdkey|9|(}} {{kbdkey|0|)}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2|{{kbdkey|q|Q}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|r|R}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y|ɛ}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O|ɔ}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S|ʃ}} {{kbdkey|d|D|dʒ}} {{kbdkey|f|F}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|j|J}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow4|{{kbdkey|z|Z|ʒ}} {{kbdkey|x|X}} {{kbdkey|c|C|tʃ}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N|ŋ}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|/|?}} }}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
[steps needed to install keyboard]<br />
[how keyboard layout is licensed]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_KeyboardLayouts]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25893Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer2025-04-27T21:20:36Z<p>Lpark4: /* Post-Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
Auxiliary verb insertion (bzj --> eng)<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
* unu noh bileev mi<br />
** tagger - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>$ ^bileev<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lex - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** transfer - ^you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^do<AuxP>$ ^not<adv><adv>$ ^believe<v><p3><sg>$ ^me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** bzj-eng - #you #do #not #believe #me<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25734Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:48:20Z<p>Lpark4: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|unu noh bileev mi|you do not believe me}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|di prafit dehn ded.|The prophets are dead}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Unu da fahn fi unu pa|You are from your father}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|da di devl|the devil}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25733Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:47:46Z<p>Lpark4: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|unu noh bileev mi|you do not believe me}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|di prafit dehn ded.|The prophets are dead}}<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Unu da fahn fi unu pa|You are from your father}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|da di devl|the devil}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25731Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:46:47Z<p>Lpark4: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25730Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:46:38Z<p>Lpark4: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25729Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:46:26Z<p>Lpark4: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25728Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:45:31Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25727Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:45:00Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25726Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:44:13Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25725Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:43:05Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25724Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-17T15:42:38Z<p>Lpark4: /* BZJ-ENG Tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25605Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:38:01Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
^Unu/Unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da/da<pr>$ ^fahn/fahn<pr>$ ^fi/fi<pr>$ ^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa/pa<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^from/from<pr>$ ^your/your<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p2><mf><sp>$ ^father/father<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
^da/da<pr>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^devl/devl<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^devil/devil<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25603Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:33:08Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag}|itg} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|дүкен{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}}}<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
^Unu/Unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da/da<pr>$ ^fahn/fahn<pr>$ ^fi/fi<pr>$ ^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa/pa<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^from/from<pr>$ ^your/your<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p2><mf><sp>$ ^father/father<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
^da/da<pr>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^devl/devl<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^devil/devil<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25602Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:24:01Z<p>Lpark4: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
^Unu/Unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da/da<pr>$ ^fahn/fahn<pr>$ ^fi/fi<pr>$ ^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa/pa<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^from/from<pr>$ ^your/your<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p2><mf><sp>$ ^father/father<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
^da/da<pr>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^devl/devl<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^devil/devil<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25601Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:23:53Z<p>Lpark4: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
^Unu/Unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da/da<pr>$ ^fahn/fahn<pr>$ ^fi/fi<pr>$ ^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa/pa<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^from/from<pr>$ ^your/your<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p2><mf><sp>$ ^father/father<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
^da/da<pr>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^devl/devl<n>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^devil/devil<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25600Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:20:33Z<p>Lpark4: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25599Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:17:57Z<p>Lpark4: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25598Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:15:28Z<p>Lpark4: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25597Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-12T20:14:25Z<p>Lpark4: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
^weh/weh<prn><itg>$ ^Ah/Ah<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^seh/seh<v>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^what/what<prn><itg><mf><sp>$ ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^say/say<vblex><pres>$^?./?.<sent>$<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
^Ai/Ai<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^tel/tel<v>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^I/I<abbr>/Prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^speak/speak<vblex><pres>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25509Belize Creole and English/Ambiguity Resolution2025-04-08T19:01:10Z<p>Lpark4: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>Main language pair page: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
<br />
===Belizean Creole===<br />
<br />
==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/362635 = 1.00615<br />
<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
Tag Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin?<br />
<br />
1143 Adawaiz yu di mek<br />
shee liv eena sin, ahn rait<br />
soh, if shee goh geh marid<br />
agen, di man weh ih marid tu<br />
wahn di liv eena sin tu.<br />
<br />
Lexical Selection:<br />
<br />
"we" with emphasis<br />
<br />
wee si di staar weh da-mi di sain dat hihn mi wahn baan<br />
<br />
"our"<br />
<br />
53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den?<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/364,698 = 1.00046<br />
<br />
<br />
==Repo==<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25508Belize Creole and English/Ambiguity Resolution2025-04-08T19:00:54Z<p>Lpark4: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>Main language pair page: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
<br />
===Belizean Creole===<br />
<br />
==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/362635 = 1.00615<br />
<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
Tag Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin?<br />
<br />
1143 Adawaiz yu di mek<br />
shee liv eena sin, ahn rait<br />
soh, if shee goh geh marid<br />
agen, di man weh ih marid tu<br />
wahn di liv eena sin tu.<br />
<br />
Lexical Selection:<br />
<br />
"we" with emphasis<br />
wee si di staar weh da-mi di sain dat hihn mi wahn baan<br />
<br />
"our"<br />
53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den?<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/364,698 = 1.00046<br />
<br />
<br />
==Repo==<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25507Belize Creole and English/Ambiguity Resolution2025-04-08T18:58:03Z<p>Lpark4: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>Main language pair page: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
<br />
===Belizean Creole===<br />
<br />
==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/362635 = 1.00615<br />
<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
Tag Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin?<br />
<br />
1143 Adawaiz yu di mek<br />
shee liv eena sin, ahn rait<br />
soh, if shee goh geh marid<br />
agen, di man weh ih marid tu<br />
wahn di liv eena sin tu.<br />
<br />
<br />
Lexical Selection:<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/364,698 = 1.00046<br />
<br />
<br />
==Repo==<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25506Belize Creole and English/Ambiguity Resolution2025-04-08T18:46:57Z<p>Lpark4: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>Main language pair page: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
<br />
===Belizean Creole===<br />
<br />
==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/362635 = 1.00615<br />
<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin?<br />
<br />
1143 Adawaiz yu di mek<br />
shee liv eena sin, ahn rait<br />
soh, if shee goh geh marid<br />
agen, di man weh ih marid tu<br />
wahn di liv eena sin tu.<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
bzj.bible.Wycliffe.txt: 364,866/364,698 = 1.00046<br />
<br />
<br />
==Repo==<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=25262Belize Creole and English2025-03-30T22:27:56Z<p>Lpark4: /* Sentences Translated */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
ponyta[ling073-bzj-eng]$ echo "Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. " | apertium -d . bzj-eng-biltrans<br />
^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Transducer&diff=24969Belizean Creole/Transducer2025-03-07T17:38:30Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== Resources ==<br />
<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf<br />
<br />
== GitHub Repository ==<br />
<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Coverage: 154/1284 (~11.9%)<br />
<br />
Current List of Unknown Words:<br />
<br />
di <unk><br />
<br />
ahn <unk><br />
<br />
weh <unk><br />
<br />
da <unk><br />
<br />
ih <unk><br />
<br />
hihn <unk><br />
<br />
unu <unk><br />
<br />
noh <unk><br />
<br />
fi <unk><br />
<br />
Ai <unk><br />
<br />
Di <unk><br />
<br />
si <unk><br />
<br />
Jeezas <unk><br />
<br />
dat <unk><br />
<br />
noa <unk><br />
<br />
du <unk><br />
<br />
dehn seh <unk><br />
<br />
Ah <unk><br />
<br />
blain <unk><br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
Some of the tests didn't work because the grammar points were complicated for us to implement at this point, so we focused on the points that we could analyze more accurately.<br />
<br />
By adding the pronoun "yoo," which is a different form of "yu," we increased the coverage from 140 to 154 out of 1284. the percentages improved from 10.9% to 11.9%.<br />
<br />
We have 21 stems in our transducer.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation==<br />
<br />
Out of 43 tests, 37 of them are passing the gold standard. We did not have any need to add twol rules(consulted with Prof.). Rather, we added more accurate Lexicon rules to increase in accuracy.<br />
<br />
After running on our corpus, our coverage is now 182 / 1279 (~0.1422)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_Transducers]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24948Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T21:52:35Z<p>Lpark4: /* Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24947Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T21:36:20Z<p>Lpark4: /* Degree Adverbs */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24946Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T21:35:03Z<p>Lpark4: /* Degree Adverbs */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|advl}}{{tag|adj}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|advl}}{{tag|adj}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|advl}}{{tag|adj}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24945Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T21:13:41Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adv}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adv}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adv}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24944Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T21:08:49Z<p>Lpark4: /* Verb Tenses */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adv}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adv}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adv}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24931Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T17:32:40Z<p>Lpark4: /* Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adv}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adv}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adv}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24927Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T17:30:25Z<p>Lpark4: /* Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adv}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adv}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adv}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=24922Belizean Creole/Grammar2025-03-06T17:24:57Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|yoo}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|adj}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo.<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adv}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adv}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adv}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category: Belizean_Creole]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=23820Belizean Creole2025-02-13T21:37:09Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
===Corpora ===<br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
===Dictionary===<br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Grammar Book===<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Translator===<br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
===Jehovah’s Witness Translator:===<br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
===Bee Copula===<br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
===Corpus Repository===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
<br />
== Developed Resources ==<br />
<br />
Belize Creole Keyboard Wiki Page: <br><br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/BelizeCreole/Keyboard<br />
<br />
Keyboard Git Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-keyboard.git<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=23819Belizean Creole2025-02-13T21:35:32Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
===Corpora ===<br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
===Dictionary===<br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Grammar Book===<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Translator===<br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
===Jehovah’s Witness Translator:===<br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
===Bee Copula===<br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
Corpus Repository===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
<br />
== Developed Resources ==<br />
<br />
Belize Creole Keyboard Wiki Page: <br><br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/BelizeCreole/Keyboard<br />
<br />
Keyboard Git Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-keyboard.git<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=23550Belizean Creole2025-02-06T17:27:53Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''<u>Corpora</u>''' <br><br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Dictionary</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Grammar Book</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Translator</u>''' <br><br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''<u>Jehovah’s Witness Translator:</u>''' <br><br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Bee Copula </u>'''<br><br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''<u>Corpus Repository</u>'''<br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=23511Belizean Creole2025-02-04T17:31:50Z<p>Lpark4: Created page with "'''<u>Corpora</u>''' <br> https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br> This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belize..."</p>
<hr />
<div>'''<u>Corpora</u>''' <br><br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Dictionary</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Grammar Book</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Translator</u>''' <br><br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''<u>Jehovah’s Witness Translator:</u>''' <br><br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Bee Copula </u>'''<br><br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole&diff=23506User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole2025-02-04T17:16:08Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''<u>Corpora</u>''' <br><br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Dictionary</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Grammar Book</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Translator</u>''' <br><br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''<u>Jehovah’s Witness Translator:</u>''' <br><br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Bee Copula </u>'''<br><br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole&diff=23503User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole2025-02-04T17:14:59Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''<u>Corpora</u>''' <br><br />
https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
This is a corpora of the Old Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains Old Testament from scriptureearth.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Wycliffe Bible Translators <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Dictionary</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Grammar Book</u>'''<br><br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Translator</u>''' <br><br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''<u>Jehovah’s Witness Translator:</u>''' <br><br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
'''<u>Bee Copula </u>'''<br><br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>Lpark4http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole&diff=23278User:Lpark4/BelizeanCreole2025-01-28T17:29:09Z<p>Lpark4: </p>
<hr />
<div>Corpora- https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf, New Testament in Belizean Creole <br><br />
Dictionary - https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
Grammar book - https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Translator - https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br></div>Lpark4