LING073 - User contributions [en]

Mchampma1/final project

2025-05-09T02:38:20Z

Mchapma1: /* Overview */

For my final project I expanded the adjectives in the western valley zapotec (zab) transducer.

==Overview==

Zapotec adjectives take two main forms, those which can be used as a predicate:

nahll cafee 'cold coffee'

and those that require a verb to have meaning

a bzhyag 'be drunk'

This required a new type of adjective sorting so that when analyzing and generating zab data the correct form of the adjective is generated. This reshaped the entries in the adjective category to be separated into predicative and modifying adjectives. The new form of the adjectives looks is now:
nga[pred] ngàaʼah[pred] # "green, raw"
zagru[mod] zagrùu[mod] # "pretty"

Importantly, the double orthographies of the zab transducer are maintained. New adjectives, and the separation of the adjectives comes from ''Comparative constructions in Spanish and San Lucas Quiavini Zapotec''. As well, all adjectives from "Cali Chiu" lesson 19 have been added to the transducer and some adjectives from the [https://talkingdictionary.swarthmore.edu/sanlucasquiavini/?initial=a&page=1 "talking Dictionary"] have been added

===Amount added===

The current number of additional stems in the Lexd for zab is 31, with two orthographies for each adjective.

===Evaluation===
Below we will see the evaluation of the additions on a [https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zab/blob/adjective_work/only-adj.txt new corpus] of adjective phrases from ''Comparative constructions in Spanish and San Lucas Quiavini Zapotec'', and the talking dictionary, and a corpus of poems and sentences from the Ticha Textbook.

====New Corpus====
coverage: 48 / 63 (~0.76190476190476190476)
remaining unknown forms: 15
ambiguity: 83 / 63 (~1.31746031746031746032)

All unknown forms in this small corpus are verbs and nouns which appear with adjectives in ''Comparative constructions in Spanish and San Lucas Quiavini Zapotec''.

====BxTP====

coverage: 2411 / 3231 (~0.74620860414732281028)
remaining unknown forms: 820
ambiguity: 3778 / 3231 (~1.16929743113587124729)

This corpus, like most of the available zapotec corpuses do not have extensive use of adjectives, which makes evaluation on existing corpora difficult.

Mchampma1/final project

2025-05-09T02:26:27Z

Mchapma1:

Mchampma1/final project

2025-05-09T02:20:25Z

Mchapma1: /* Overview */

Mchampma1/final project

2025-05-09T02:05:25Z

Mchapma1: Created page with "For my final project I expanded the adjectives in the western valley zapotec (zab) transducer. ==Overview== Zapotec adjectives take two main forms, those which can be used..."

Plattdüütsch and German/Structural transfer

2025-05-01T15:31:38Z

Mchapma1:

==Pre-evaluation==

==Post-Structural Transfer Evaluation==

[[:Category:Sp25_StructuralTransfer]]

Plattdüütsch and German/Structural transfer

2025-05-01T15:26:34Z

Mchapma1:

placeholder

[[:Category:Sp25_StructuralTransfer]]

Plattdüütsch and German/Structural transfer

2025-05-01T15:26:12Z

Mchapma1: Created page with "placeholder [category:sp25_StructuralTransfer]"

placeholder

[category:sp25_StructuralTransfer]

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-22T16:35:48Z

Mchapma1: /* Ambiguous words corrected */

==Level of Ambiguity==

593/443 =1.339.

==Ambiguous words corrected==

The first ambiguous data that we are working with is German 'Über' which corresponds to 'över' and 'öber'. to separate them we need to change them based on the gender of a preceding noun. with 'över' corresponding with a neuter and öber a masculine or feminine.

<rule>
<match lemma="vor" tags="adj"/>
<match lemma="över" tags="n.*"><select lemma="über" tags="pr.*"/></match>
</rule>

The next data that we will work with is the determiner 'de' which corresponds to 'die/der' in german, depending on case and gender.

For example: 'de Katt' is 'Die Katze' in German, but 'de Bauer' is 'der Bauer' in German.


<rule>
<match lemma="de" tags="det.*">
<select lemma="die" tags="det.*"/>
</match>
<match tags="n.*.f"/>
</rule>


<rule>
<match lemma="de" tags="det.*">
<select lemma="der" tags="det.*"/>
</match>
<match tags="n.*.m"/>
</rule>

[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Plattdüütsch]]
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-17T17:47:39Z

Mchapma1: /* nds → deu evaluation */

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-17T02:38:25Z

Mchapma1:

==Level of Ambiguity==

Need to do. Likely low due to nature of corpus. Biggest source of ambiguity will be the determiner 'de' which corresponds to the german masculine and feminine.

==Ambiguous words corrected==

The first ambiguous data that we are working with is German 'Über' which corresponds to 'över' and 'öber'. to separate them we need to change them based on the gender of a preceding noun. with 'över' corresponding with a neuter and öber a masculine or feminine.

The next data that we will work with is the determiner 'de' which corresponds to 'die/der/den' in german, depending on case and gender.

[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Plattdüütsch]]
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-17T02:38:13Z

Mchapma1:

==Level of Ambiguity==

Need to do. Likely low due to nature of corpus. Biggest source of ambiguity will be the determiner 'de' which corresponds to the german masculine and feminine.

==Ambiguous words corrected==

The first ambiguous data that we are working with is German 'Über' which corresponds to 'över' and 'öber'. to separate them we need to change them based on the gender of a preceding noun. with 'över' corresponding with a neuter and öber a masculine or feminine.

The next data that we will work with is the determiner 'de' which corresponds to 'die/der/den' in german, depending on case and gender.

[[Category:German]]
[[Category:Plaattdüütsch]]
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-17T02:24:56Z

Mchapma1:

Plattdüütsch and German/ambiguity resolution

2025-04-15T01:34:44Z

2025-03-04T02:25:36Z

Mchapma1: Created page with "==Github== You can find the Repo for the Plattdüütsch transducer [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-nds here]. ==Results== Category:Plattdüüts..."

==Github==

You can find the Repo for the Plattdüütsch transducer [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-nds here].

==Results==

[[Category:Plattdüütsch]]
[[Category:Sp25 Transducers]]

Plattdüütsch/Grammar

2025-02-27T17:22:52Z

Mchapma1: /* Plurals */

In this page we will be looking at a number of features of Plattdüütsch grammar.
=Parts of Speech=
In the following sections we will see the outline for the verbal, nominal, pronominal and possessive morphology of Plattdüütsch. There are more than 8 grammar points, so please
==Verbs==
In the three tables below we can see the inflectional forms of Plattdüütsch verbs in the present and simple past (Preterite).
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Weak Verb /maaken/ ("make")
|-
! !! Present !! Preterite
|-
| 1st sing. || {{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Maak}} || {{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Maak}}
|-
| 2nd sing. ||{{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Maakst}} ||{{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Maakst}}
|-
| 3rd sing. || {{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Maakt}} || {{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Maak}}
|-
| Pl. || {{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pl}}|Maakt}} ||{{morphTest|Maaken{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pl}}|Maken}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Strong Verb /helpen/ ("help")
|-
! !! Present !! Preterite
|-
| 1st sing. || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Help}} || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Halp}}
|-
| 2nd sing. ||{{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Hilpst}} ||{{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Hülpst}}
|-
| 3rd sing. || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Hilpt}} || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Halp}}
|-
| Pl. || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pl}}|Helpt}} || {{morphTest|Helpen{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|pl}}|Hülpen}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Strong Verb Arven ("Inherit")
|-
! !! Present !! Preterite
|-
| 1st sing. || {{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Arv}} ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Arv}}
|-
| 2nd sing. ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Arvst}} ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p12}}{{tag|sg}}|Arv}}
|-
| 3rd sing. ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Arvt}} ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Arv}}
|-
| Pl. || {{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pl}}|Arven}}} ||{{morphTest|Arven{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pl}}|Arvt}}
|}

==Nouns==

In the following we can see the various forms of plural morphology that exist for Plattdüütsch.

===Plurals===
In some plural forms as shown below, long verbs in the root can be shortened, root-final nd can become n or nn, and root-final voiceless consonants can become voiced.

====-er====
{{morphTest|Wief{{tag|n}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Wievers}}

{{morphTest|Wicht{{tag|n}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Wichter}}

{{morphTest|Lief{{tag|n}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Lievers}}

====-en====
{{morphTest|Hann{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Hannen}}

{{morphTest|Wier{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Wieren}}

{{morphTest|Döör{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Döören}}

{{morphTest|Oog{{tag|n}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Oogen}}

====-s====

{{morphTest|Macker{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Mackers}}

{{morphTest|Vagel{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Vagels}}

{{morphTest|Kaptein{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Kapteins}}

====-e====
{{morphTest|Dag{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Dage}}

====Umlaut====
{{morphTest|Worm{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Wörm}}
{{morphTest|Boom{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Bööm}}
{{morphTest|Danz{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Dänz}}

====Umlaut + -er====
{{morphTest|Dorp{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Dörper}}

{{morphTest|Book{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Böker}}

====Umlaut + loss of final d====

{{morphTest|Hand{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Hen}}
{{morphTest|Band{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Ben}}
{{morphTest|Hund{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Hün}}

====No change====
{{morphTest|Wapen{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Wapen}}
{{morphTest|Swyn{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Swyn}}
{{morphTest|Knee{{tag|n}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|Knee}}

==Adjectives==
In the following you can see an overview of the adjectival forms of Plattdeutsch. Tagging TBD.
===Regular Adjectives===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indefinite adjective endings (North Low Saxon)
|-
! m !! f !! n
|-
| -en (sing.), -e (pl.) || -e || -
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Definite adjective endings (North Low Saxon)
|-
! m !! f !! n !! pl
|-
| -e (nom.), -en (obl.) || -e || -e || -en
|}

===Irregular Adjectives===

==Pronouns==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Personal Pronouns (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !! 1st sg !! 1st pl !! 2nd sg !! 2nd pl !! 3rd sg !! 3rd pl (and 2nd formal)
|-
| Nom. || ik || wi || du || ji || he (m), se (f), it (n) || se
|-
| Obl. || mi || us || di || ju || em, er, it || em
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Possessive Pronouns (North Low Saxon)
|-
! 1st sg !! 1st pl !! 2nd sg !! 2nd pl !! 3rd sg !! 3rd pl (and 2nd formal)
|-
| mien || us || dien || juw/joon/juun || sien (m/n), e(h)r (f) || e(h)r
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tagged Possessive Pronouns (North Low Saxon)
|-
! 1st sg !! 1st pl !! 2nd sg !! 2nd pl !! 2nd formal !!3rd sg m/nt!!3rd sg f !!3rd pl
|-
| {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}|mien}} || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}|us}} || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|infml}}|dien}} ||{{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|infml}}|juw}} || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|frm}}|ehr}} || {{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m/nt}}|sien}}|| {{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}|ehr}} || {{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|gd}}|ehr}}
|}

We can see for the first person pronouns that there are two distinctions to note, oblique-ness and plurality.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 1st person Pronoun 'ik' (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !!1st sg. !! 1st pl.
|-
| Nom. || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|ik}} || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|wi}}
|-
| Obl. ||{{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|mi}} || {{morphTest|ik{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|us}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 2nd person Pronoun 'du' (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !!2nd sg. !! 2nd pl. !! 2nd. frm
|-
| Nom. || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|infml}}|du}} || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|infml}}|ji}}||{{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg/pl}}{{tag|frm}}|se}}
|-
| Obl. || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|infml}}|di}} || {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|infml}}|ju}}|| {{morphTest|du{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg/pl}}{{tag|frm}}|em}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 3rd person Pronoun 'he' (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !!3rd sg. m. !! 3rd sg. f. !! 3rd sg. m. !! 3rd pl.
|-
| Nom. || {{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|he}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|se}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|it}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|pl}}|se}}
|-
| Obl. ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|em}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|er}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|it}} ||{{morphTest|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|pl}}|em}}
|}

==Determiners==

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Articles (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !! m !! f/pl !! n
|-
| Nom. || de || de || dat
|-
| Acc. || (d)en || de || (d)en
|-
| Dat. || (d)en || de || dat
|}

In Plattdüütsch determiners take on gender and case markings, as can be seen in the table above. In the examples below we can see how we handle dative.

: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|sg}}|den}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|sg}}|dat}}

In the following we can see that Plattdüütsch uses a 'vun'+nomDet form for genitive clauses.

: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun den}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun dat}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun dat}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|pl}}|vun de}}

Accusative:
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|(d)en}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|(d)en}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|de}}

Plurals:

: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|pl}}|de}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|pl}}|de}}
: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|de}}

In the chart below we can see what every variation of this looks like in Plattdüütsch.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Tagged Articles (North Low Saxon)
|-
! !! m !! f !! pl !! nt
|-
| Nom. || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|sg}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|sg}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|pl}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|nom}}{{tag|sg}}|dat}}
|-
| Acc. || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|(d)en}}|| : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|pl}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|acc}}{{tag|sg}}|(d)en}}
|-
| Dat. || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|sg}}|(d)en}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|sg}}|de}} ||: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|pl}}|de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|dat}}{{tag|sg}}|dat}}
|-
| Gen. || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun de}} || : {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|gd}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|pl}}|vun de}} ||: {{morphTest|de{{tag|det}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|sg}}|vun dat}}
|}

[[Category: sp25_GrammarDocumentation]]

[[Category:Plattdüütsch]]
[[Category:Grammar documentation]]
[[Category:Spring 2025]]