LING073 - User contributions [en]

Asturian and English

2018-06-02T19:12:51Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing a number of tools for machine translation, including small test corpuses, a corpus of the Asturian Wikipedia, UD-annotated ConLLU files, and UDPipe models for UD annotation

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

== Dependency Annotation ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian/Universal_dependencies Dependency Annotation]

== ast -> eng evaluation ==

WER: 100%

PER: 100%

Number of words which were free rides: 0

== Additions ==

Stems: added 100 new stems to the dictionary file

Lexical selection: Implemented 3 new lexical selection rules

Structural Transfer: Implemented 3 new structural transfer rules

== Evaluation ==

=== Asturian Transducer ===

Coverage against the large corpus wasn't available because of encoding errors.

Measuring precision and recall between the annotated corpus and the sample corpus also wasn't available because of corpus length errors and compound words in Asturian.

There are 39861079 words in the <code>longer</code> corpus.

Total number of stems in transducer could not be calculated because the number of stems in the <code>apertium-ast.ast.dix</code> were too numerous to count by hand and the transducer did not use a <code>lexc</code> file.

=== Asturian-English Translation System ===

WER over longer corpus: 99.18%
PER over longer corpus: 98.47%

Proportion of stems tranlated correctly in the longer corpus: what script do I use to find this?

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

User:Mparker3/Final project

2018-06-02T17:57:32Z

Mparker3:

= Apertium Paradigm Generator =

Given a verb (Spanish for now, but extensible for any language), queries the Apertium API to fetch conjugations in different paradigms for said verb.

[http://mparker3.me/paradigm-generator/ Product running on GitHub Pages]

[https://github.com/mparker3/paradigm-generator/tree/master Repository]

== Evaluation ==

Given the verb "hablar", the SPA successfully generates the correct conjugations for each person of the form specified in the file "Spanish.js".

[[Media:HablarParadigms.jpeg]]

To successfully make this project open-source extensible, I have separated out all language-specific variables into a file <code>Spanish.js</code>.
Modifying this project to function in another language begins with modifying <code>Spanish.js</code> so that the proper verb forms are generated, and then using regular expressions, or more realistically, IDE refactoring tools, to replace all instances of "SPANISH" in <code>App.js</code>.

== Issues ==

Badly in need of some CSS.

There is a nasty race condition related to asynchronous API calls that I'm still in the process of solving that occasionally leads to flipping of which conjugated verbs are under which header. The solution for this will probably be to move the API calls into the <code>Paradigm.js</code> component.

== Poster ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/images/4/42/Ling073PosterFinal.pdf Poster presented for final]

[[Category:Sp18_FinalProjects]]

User:Mparker3/Final project

2018-06-02T17:53:23Z

Mparker3:

File:Ling073PosterFinal.pdf

2018-06-02T17:52:41Z

Mparker3:

User:Mparker3/Final project

2018-06-02T17:31:12Z

Mparker3:

== Apertium Paradigm Generator ==

Given a verb (Spanish for now, but extensible for any language), queries the Apertium API to fetch conjugations in different paradigms for said verb.

[http://mparker3.me/paradigm-generator/ Product running on GitHub Pages]

[https://github.com/mparker3/paradigm-generator/tree/master Repository]

== Evaluation ==

Given the verb "hablar", the SPA successfully generates the correct conjugations for each person of the form specified in the file "Spanish.js".

[[Media:HablarParadigms.jpeg]]

User:Mparker3/Final project

2018-06-02T17:30:15Z

Mparker3: Created page with "== Apertium Paradigm Generator == Given a verb (Spanish for now, but extensible for any language), queries the Apertium API to fetch conjugations in different paradigms for s..."

File:HablarParadigms.jpeg

2018-06-02T17:29:52Z

Mparker3: Evaluation of paradigm generator

Evaluation of paradigm generator

Asturian and English

2018-05-29T21:48:43Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English

2018-05-29T21:48:30Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T21:48:05Z

Mparker3:

== Evaluation ==

{|
|+ Parsing corpuses
! scope="col" | UDPipe Model
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus LAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus UAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2 LAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2 UAS
|-
! scope="row" | With morph
| 77.11% || 83.08% || 78.90% || 85.32%
|-
! scope="row" | No morph
| 73.13% || 79.10% || 74.31% || 80.73%
|}

Forms in corpus 1: 201

Sentences in corpus 1: 11

Forms in corpus 2: 109

Sentences in corpus 2: 6

== Dependency Relations ==

<code>det</code>: used to link a determiner with its associated noun. The determiner may specify number, specificity, and other factors. Examples:

la <- <code>det</code> <- tierra

Toa <- <code>det</code> <- persona

<code>obj</code>: used to link a verb with its object. In some cases this object can be directly attached to the verb. Examples:

ser -> <code>obj</code> -> deteníu

tien -> <code>obj</code> -> drechu

<code>csubj</code>: used to link a verb with its clausal subject. Examples:

persona <- <code>csubj</code> <- tien

naide <- <code>csubj</code> <- podrá

<code>ccomp</code>: In Asturian, can link a verb to a verb participle. Examples:

podrá -> <code>ccomp</code> -> ser

será -> <code>obj</code> -> sometíu

<code>advcl</code>: Used when an adverb or adverbial clause links to a verb

namaí <- <code>advcl</code> <- podrá

tien -> <code>advcl</code> -> a buscar

[[Category:Sp18_UD]]

Asturian and English

2018-05-29T21:46:19Z

Mparker3: /* Machine Translation Resources */

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T21:44:22Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T21:31:38Z

Mparker3:

== Evaluation ==

{|
|+ Parsing corpuses
! scope="col" | UDPipe Model
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus LAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus UAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2 LAS
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2 UAS
|-
! scope="row" | With morph
| 77.11% || 83.08% || 78.90% || 85.32%
|-
! scope="row" | No morph
| 73.13% || 79.10% || 74.31% || 80.73%
|}

Forms in corpus 1: 201

Sentences in corpus 1: 11

Forms in corpus 2: 109

Sentences in corpus 2: 6

== Dependency Relations ==

<code>det</code>: used to link a determiner with its associated noun. The determiner may specify number, specificity, and other factors. Examples:

la <- <code>det</code> <- tierra

Toa <- <code>det</code> <- persona

<code>obj</code>: used to link a verb with its object. In some cases this object can be directly attached to the verb.

ser -> <code>obj</code> -> deteníu

tien -> <code>obj</code> -> drechu

<code>csubj</code>: used to link a verb with its clausal subject. Examples:

persona <- <code>csubj</code> <- tien

naide <- <code>csubj</code> <- podrá

<code>ccomp</code>: In Asturian, can link a verb to a verb participle

podrá -> <code>ccomp</code> -> ser

será -> <code>obj</code> -> sometíu

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T21:07:37Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T20:52:01Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T20:46:41Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T20:45:59Z

Mparker3:

Asturian/Universal dependencies

2018-05-29T18:18:23Z

Mparker3: Created page with "== Evaluation == {| |+ Parsing corpuses ! scope="col" | UDPipe Model ! scope="col" | Annotated corpus ! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2 |- ! scope="row" | With morph | Cell..."

== Evaluation ==

{|
|+ Parsing corpuses
! scope="col" | UDPipe Model
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus
! scope="col" | Annotated corpus 2
|-
! scope="row" | With morph
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! scope="row" | No morph
| Cell B
| Cell C
|}

== Dependency Relations ==

Asturian and English

2018-05-07T17:19:00Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

== ast -> eng evaluation ==

WER: 100%

PER: 100%

Number of words which were free rides: 0

== Additions ==

Stems: added 100 new stems to the dictionary file

Lexical selection: Implemented 3 new lexical selection rules

Structural Transfer: Implemented 3 new structural transfer rules

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English

2018-05-07T17:18:19Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

== ast -> eng evaluation ==

WER: 100%

PER: 100%

Number of words which were free rides: 0

== Polished RBMT system ==

Stems: added 100 new stems to the dictionary file
Lexical selection: Implemented 3 new lexical selection rules
Structural Transfer: Implemented 3 new structural transfer rules

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English/Lexical selection

2018-04-16T04:39:02Z

Mparker3:

== Ast --> Eng ==

The Asturian "qué" translates both to "that", "which", and the null representation in English. "Which" and "that" serve very similar lexical purposes in English, with the primary differentiator being that the use of "which" is limited to defining clauses, and creating a rule to determine whether a containing clause is defining may be outside the scope of my abilities as a computational linguist at this time. However, when "que" is preceded by "a" in the Asturian corpus, it is translated to the null representation in the English corpus, and this is plausible to implement.

The Asturian "deberes" translates into both "responsibilities" and "homework" in English. However, in the context of "tener deberes", this is a specific phrase that roughly translates to "to have duties". So in this case, "duties" is the translation in context, whereas "homework" is the default translation. Example sentences:

"Tienes deberes a tu comunidád" -> "You have duties to your community"

"Yo quiero facer míus deberes" -> "I want to do my homework"

== Eng --> Ast ==

"The" translates to "lo", "la", "los", or "las" depending on the gender and number of the noun it is used with. Since Asturian places the subject of a determiner immediately after the determiner in most cases, we can define a rule where a determiner is formulated as "l" + $ending where $ending is the last letter or two letters of the following word, if they are in the set {o, a, os, as}.

[[Category:Sp18_LexicalSelection]]

Asturian and English

2018-04-15T19:07:28Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

== ast -> eng evaluation ==

WER: 100%

PER: 100%

Number of words which were free rides: 0

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English

2018-04-15T19:07:21Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

== ast -> eng evaluation ==

WER: 100%
PER: 100%

Number of words which were free rides: 0

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English/Lexical selection

2018-04-10T15:01:00Z

Mparker3: /* Ast --> Eng */

Asturian and English/Lexical selection

2018-04-10T14:40:46Z

Mparker3:

== Ast --> Eng ==

== Eng --> Ast ==

"The" translates to "lo", "la", "los", or "las" depending on the gender and number of the noun it is used with. Since Asturian places the subject of a determiner immediately after the determiner in most cases, we can define a rule where a determiner is formulated as "l" + $ending where $ending is the last letter or two letters of the following word, if they are in the set {o, a, os, as}.

[[Category:Sp18_LexicalSelection]]

Asturian and English/Lexical selection

2018-04-10T14:40:18Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English

2018-04-10T14:40:03Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

== Lexical Selection ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Lexical_selection Lexical Selection]

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English/Lexical selection

2018-04-10T14:23:05Z

Mparker3: Created page with "== Ast --> Eng == == Eng --> Ast == "The" translates to "lo", "la", "los", or "las" depending on the gender and number of the noun it is used with. Since Asturian places the..."

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T01:49:40Z

Mparker3:

== gendering of nouns and articles==

In Asturian, nouns and articles are gendered, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|el matrimoniu|the marriage}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} matrimoniu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} marriage{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== pluralization of articles==
In Asturian, articles for plural subjects are pluralized, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los pueblos|the peoples}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} pueblos{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} peoples{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los niños|the children}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} niños{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}

== adjective-noun order==
In Asturian, adjectives go after their nouns, but in English, adjectives go before their associated nouns. Additionally, English adjectives do not vary by number of subjects, however, Asturian adjectives do.
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|conceyu xeneral|general assembly}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| conceyu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} xeneral{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|general{{tag|adj}} assembly{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|procuru especiales|special care}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| procuru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} especiales{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|pl}}|special{{tag|adj}} care{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== indicative vs. subjunctive distinction ==

Asturian verb forms distinguish between the indicative and subjunctive tenses, however, English verbs do not.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|Toa persona tien|Everyone has}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| Toa{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} persona{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} tien{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Everyone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} has{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|será sometíu|shall be subjected}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| será{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} sometíu{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} |shall{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} subjected{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

== past participles ==
When discussing hypothetical verbs, English uses a modifier, infinitive verb, and past participle whereas Asturian uses both a similar form to English and a form using only a specially conjugated verb and a past participle

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|A naide nun se-y podrá obligar|No one may be compelled}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| A naide nun se-y podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} obligar{{tag|inf}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} compelled{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|podrá ser deteníu|may be detained}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ser{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} deteníu{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} detained{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

[[Category:sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T01:39:06Z

Mparker3:

== gendering of nouns and articles==

In Asturian, nouns and articles are gendered, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|el matrimoniu|the marriage}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} matrimoniu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} marriage{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== pluralization of articles==
In Asturian, articles for plural subjects are pluralized, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los pueblos|the peoples}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} pueblos{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} peoples{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los niños|the children}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} niños{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}

== adjective-noun order==
In Asturian, adjectives go after their nouns, but in English, adjectives go before their associated nouns. Additionally, English adjectives do not vary by number of subjects, however, Asturian adjectives do.
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|conceyu xeneral|general assembly}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| conceyu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} xeneral{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|general{{tag|adj}} assembly{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|procuru especiales|special care}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| procuru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} especiales{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|pl}}|special{{tag|adj}} care{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== indicative vs. subjunctive distinction ==

Asturian verb forms distinguish between the indicative and subjunctive tenses, however, English verbs do not.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|Toa persona tien|Everyone has}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| Toa{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} persona{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} tien{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Everyone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} has{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|será sometíu|shall be subjected}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| será{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} sometíu{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} |shall{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} subjected{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

== past participles ==
When discussing hypothetical verbs, English uses a modifier, infinitive verb, and past participle whereas Asturian uses a specially conjugated verb and an infinitive verb.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|A naide nun se-y podrá obligar|No one may be compelled}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| A naide nun se-y podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} obligar{{tag|inf}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} compelled{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

[[Category:sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T01:29:22Z

Mparker3:

== gendering of nouns and articles==

In Asturian, nouns and articles are gendered, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|el matrimoniu|the marriage}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} matrimoniu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} marriage{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== pluralization of articles==
In Asturian, articles for plural subjects are pluralized, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los pueblos|the peoples}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} pueblos{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} peoples{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los niños|the children}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} niños{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}

== adjective-noun order==
In Asturian, adjectives go after their nouns, but in English, adjectives go before their associated nouns. Additionally, English adjectives do not vary by number of subjects, however, Asturian adjectives do.
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|conceyu xeneral|general assembly}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| conceyu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} xeneral{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|general{{tag|adj}} assembly{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|procuru especiales|special care}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| procuru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} especiales{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|pl}}|special{{tag|adj}} care{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== indicative vs. subjunctive distinction ==

Asturian verb forms distinguish between the indicative and subjunctive tenses, however, English verbs do not.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|Toa persona tien|Everyone has}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| Toa{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} persona{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} tien{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Everyone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} has{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== past participles ==
When discussing hypothetical verbs, English uses a modifier, infinitive verb, and past participle whereas Asturian uses a specially conjugated verb and an infinitive verb.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|A naide nun se-y podrá obligar|No one may be compelled}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| A naide nun se-y podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} obligar{{tag|inf}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} compelled{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

[[Category:sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T01:09:19Z

Mparker3:

== gendering of nouns and articles==

In Asturian, nouns and articles are gendered, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|el matrimoniu|the marriage}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} matrimoniu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} marriage{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== pluralization of articles==
In Asturian, articles for plural subjects are pluralized, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los pueblos|the peoples}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} pueblos{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} peoples{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los ninos|the children}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} niños{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}

== adjective-noun order==
In Asturian, adjectives go after their nouns, but in English, adjectives go before their associated nouns. Additionally, English adjectives do not vary by number of subjects, however, Asturian adjectives do.
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|conceyu xeneral|general assembly}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| conceyu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} xeneral{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|general{{tag|adj}} assembly{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|procuru especiales|special care}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| procuru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} especiales{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|pl}}|special{{tag|adj}} care{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== indicative vs. subjunctive distinction ==

Asturian verb forms distinguish between the indicative and subjunctive tenses, however, English verbs do not.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|Toa persona tien|Everyone has}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| Toa{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} persona{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} tien{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Everyone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} has{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== past participles ==
When discussing hypothetical verbs, English uses a modifier, infinitive verb, and past participle whereas Asturian uses a specially conjugated verb and an infinitive verb.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|A naide nun se-y podrá obligar|No one may be compelled}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| A naide nun se-y podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} obligar{{tag|inf}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} compelled{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

[[Category:sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T01:00:02Z

Mparker3:

== gendering of nouns and articles==

In Asturian, nouns and articles are gendered, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} matrimoniu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} marriage{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== pluralization of articles==
In Asturian, articles for plural subjects are pluralized, but in English, no such distinction exists
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|los pueblos|the peoples}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} pueblos{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} peoples{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| los{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} niños{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}

== adjective-noun order==
In Asturian, adjectives go after their nouns, but in English, adjectives go before their associated nouns. Additionally, English adjectives do not vary by number of subjects, however, Asturian adjectives do.
*{{transferTest|ast|eng|conceyu xeneral|general assembly}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| conceyu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} xeneral{{tag|adj}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}|general{{tag|adj}} assembly{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== indicative vs. subjunctive distinction ==

Asturian verb forms distinguish between the indicative and subjunctive tenses, however, English verbs do not.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|Toa persona tien|Everyone has}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| Toa{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} persona{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} tien{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Everyone{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} has{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

== past participles ==
When discussing hypothetical verbs, English uses a modifier, infinitive verb, and past participle whereas Asturian uses a specially conjugated verb and an infinitive verb.

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|A naide nun se-y podrá obligar|No one may be compelled}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| A naide nun se-y podrá{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|fti}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} obligar{{tag|inf}}|No one may{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|inf}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} compelled{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}}}

[[Category:sp18_ContrastiveGrammars]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-04-02T00:58:26Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-31T20:48:02Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-31T20:42:56Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-30T02:35:55Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English

2018-03-30T02:35:16Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[https://github.swarthmore.edu/mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English

2018-03-30T02:32:55Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Machine Translation Resources ==

[git@github.swarthmore.edu:mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus.git Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

== Contrastive Grammar ==

[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Asturian_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammar]

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English

2018-03-30T02:31:55Z

Mparker3:

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

== Developed Resources ==

[git@github.swarthmore.edu:mparker3/ling073-ast-eng-corpus.git Github repository] containing the UN Declaration of Human Rights in both English and Extremaduran

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English

2018-03-30T02:30:31Z

Mparker3: Created page with "Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs"

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English/

2018-03-30T02:30:23Z

Mparker3: Blanked the page

Asturian and English/

2018-03-30T02:29:49Z

Mparker3: Created page with "Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs"

Resources for machine translation between Asturian and English

[[Category:Sp18_TranslationPairs]]

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-30T02:28:49Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-30T02:28:39Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-30T02:00:36Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-29T16:41:43Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-29T16:20:26Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-29T16:19:59Z

Mparker3:

Asturian and English/Contrastive Grammar

2018-03-29T16:12:45Z

Mparker3: /* ast-eng tests */

== gendering of nouns ==

*{{transferTest|ast|eng|la llei|the law}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|ast|eng| la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} llei{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} law{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}

({{{1}}}) {{{3}}} → ({{{2}}}) {{{4}}}

({{{1}}}) {{{3}}} → ({{{2}}}) {{{4}}}

({{{1}}}) {{{3}}} → ({{{2}}}) {{{4}}}

({{{1}}}) {{{3}}} → ({{{2}}}) {{{4}}}