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LING073 - User contributions [en]
2026-10-25T01:24:30Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.27.7
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26104
Belizean Creole/Grammar
2025-05-09T01:37:04Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Possessive Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with either the word ¨fi" or ¨fo." {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pos}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pos}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26103
Belizean Creole/Grammar
2025-05-09T01:36:35Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Possessive Pronouns */</p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo." {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pos}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pos}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole/Grammar&diff=26102
Belizean Creole/Grammar
2025-05-09T01:35:13Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>=== Regular Plurals ===<br />
Plurals are formed by preceding or following the noun with a determiner.<br />
* Nouns that refer to a specific limited set are pluralized by adding the word "dehn" after:<br />
** {{morphTest|prafit{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|prafit dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|disaipl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|disaipl dehn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|lai{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|lai dehn}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to a set of two are preceded by the word "too":<br />
** {{morphTest|man{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too man}}<br />
** {{morphTest|son{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too son}}<br />
** {{morphTest|boy{{tag|n}}{{tag|du}}|too boy}}<br />
* Nouns that refer to one set rather than another set are preceded by the word "dehn":<br />
** {{morphTest|peepl{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn peepl}}<br />
** {{morphTest|bred{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn bred}}<br />
* Nouns that retain the English plural form are pluralized with a "z":<br />
** {{morphTest|day{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|dayz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|werd{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|werdz}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ting{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|tingz}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Verb Tenses ===<br />
Tenses are distinguished by use of an auxiliary added to the main verb.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|chreet{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}|mi chreet}}<br />
* Future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|sayv{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn sayv}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shoa{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn shoa}}<br />
** {{morphTest|si{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}|wahn si}}<br />
* Past future tense is formed by preceding the verb with the words "mi wahn":<br />
** {{morphTest|geh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn geh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|hapm{{tag|v}}{{tag|pf}}|mi wahn hapm}}<br />
* Past perfect tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "don":<br />
** {{morphTest|seh{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don seh}}<br />
** {{morphTest|tel{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don tel}}<br />
** {{morphTest|rayz{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|don rayz}}<br />
<br />
=== Pronouns ===<br />
{{comment|There are all personal pronouns, so I'd include <pers> as a subcategory tag. -JNW}}<br />
Pronouns are distinguished by person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular, plural), and gender in third person (masculine, feminine, neuter).<br />
* Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix "self" to the object pronoun:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|miself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|wiself}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|pers}}|yuself}}<br />
* Emphasis or clarification of pronouns is achieved by lengthening the final vowel:<br />
** {{morphTest|mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|mee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|yu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|tn}}|yoo}}<br />
{{comment|It would make sense to have a tag distinguishing these emphatic pronouns from just the base pronouns. I'd use <tn> for this ("tonic" forms of pronouns). -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Demonstrative Adjectives ===<br />
Demonstrative adjectives are differentiated by proximity (proximal, distal) and number (singular, plural). Unlike demonstrative pronouns, demonstrative adjectives precede a noun.<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|dis}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}}|da}}<br />
* {{morphTest|dis{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
* {{morphTest|da{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|pl}}|dehn}}<br />
{{comment|Linguistically speaking, these aren't adjectives, but are adjective-like words that form their own class of determiners. I would tag them with <det><dem>. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
Adjectives can be duplicated for emphasis.<br />
** {{morphTest|kwik{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|kwik kwik}}<br />
** {{morphTest|big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|big big}}<br />
** {{morphTest|fool{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|fool fool}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Possessive Pronouns ===<br />
Possessive pronouns are formed by preceding the pronoun with the word ¨fi" or ¨fo." {{inlineComment|Looks like there's some typos here. -JNW}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}}|fi hihn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|fo wee}}<br />
** {{morphTest|ih{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|f}}|fi shee}}<br />
{{comment|You'll want a separate tag to differentiate these from other pronoun forms, like <pos>. Also, how can you distinguish between fi and fo—is it either one, or does it depend on something phonological, or something else? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
=== Degree Adverbs ===<br />
Degree adverbs are formed by adding the suffix ¨-li to an adjective.<br />
** {{morphTest|haad{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|haadli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|egzsak{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|egzsakli}}<br />
** {{morphTest|nay{{tag|adj}}{{tag|advl}}|nayli}}<br />
<br />
=== Auxiliary Verb Negation ===<br />
Auxiliary verbs are negated by adding an ¨n" to the end of the word.<br />
* Past tense is formed by preceding the verb with the word "mi":<br />
** {{morphTest|kud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|kudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|shud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|shudn}}<br />
** {{morphTest|wud{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|neg}}|wudn}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{comment|Looks like there's some typos with the syntax of your category labels. There should be no spaces after the colons, and two brackets at both the beginning and end of each category. -JNW}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] [[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=26101
Belizean Creole
2025-05-09T01:31:57Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== External Resources ==<br />
{{comment|I'd suggest using bulleted lists in each subsection and use correct linking. It would also be good to know the licenses of corpora as well, not just who holds the copyright. There's also some general cleaning up that needs to be done. E.g., "acquired" dates aren't needed, and sometimes it says "Old Testament" instead of "New Testament" and stuff. I cleaned up the Corpora section for you. Take a look at a diff of the page history to see my changes. It would also be nice to have the sections sort resources, e.g. "corpora", "dictionaries", "grammar books", "machine translators", "academic work", etc. Were you not able to find more external resources? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
===Corpora ===<br />
* [https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf New Testament in Belizean Creole]<br />
*: Copyright Wycliffe Bible Translators and Bible Society of the West Indies, '''Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 3.0'''<br />
<br />
===Dictionary===<br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Grammar Book===<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Machine Translators===<br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
===Academic Work===<br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
<br />
== Developed Resources ==<br />
<br />
Belize Creole Keyboard Wiki Page: <br><br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/BelizeCreole/Keyboard<br />
<br />
Keyboard Git Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-keyboard.git<br />
<br />
Corpus Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
== Resources developed for Belize Creole ==<br />
<br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
Language Pair repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng<br />
<br />
Belizian Creole repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
English repo: https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=26100
Belizean Creole
2025-05-09T01:30:19Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== External Resources ==<br />
{{comment|I'd suggest using bulleted lists in each subsection and use correct linking. It would also be good to know the licenses of corpora as well, not just who holds the copyright. There's also some general cleaning up that needs to be done. E.g., "acquired" dates aren't needed, and sometimes it says "Old Testament" instead of "New Testament" and stuff. I cleaned up the Corpora section for you. Take a look at a diff of the page history to see my changes. It would also be nice to have the sections sort resources, e.g. "corpora", "dictionaries", "grammar books", "machine translators", "academic work", etc. Were you not able to find more external resources? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
===Corpora ===<br />
* [https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf New Testament in Belizean Creole]<br />
*: Copyright Wycliffe Bible Translators and Bible Society of the West Indies, '''Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 3.0'''<br />
<br />
===Dictionary===<br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Grammar Book===<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Machine Translators===<br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
===Academic Work===<br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
===Corpus Repository===<br />
{{comment|this section reports a developed resource, so shouldn't be under external resources}}<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
== Developed Resources ==<br />
<br />
Belize Creole Keyboard Wiki Page: <br><br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/BelizeCreole/Keyboard<br />
<br />
Keyboard Git Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-keyboard.git<br />
<br />
== Resources developed for Belize Creole ==<br />
<br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
Language Pair repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng<br />
<br />
Belizian Creole repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
English repo: https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belizean_Creole&diff=26099
Belizean Creole
2025-05-09T01:29:43Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== External Resources ==<br />
{{comment|I'd suggest using bulleted lists in each subsection and use correct linking. It would also be good to know the licenses of corpora as well, not just who holds the copyright. There's also some general cleaning up that needs to be done. E.g., "acquired" dates aren't needed, and sometimes it says "Old Testament" instead of "New Testament" and stuff. I cleaned up the Corpora section for you. Take a look at a diff of the page history to see my changes. It would also be nice to have the sections sort resources, e.g. "corpora", "dictionaries", "grammar books", "machine translators", "academic work", etc. Were you not able to find more external resources? -JNW}}<br />
<br />
===Corpora ===<br />
* [https://www.scriptureearth.org/data/bzj/PDF/00-WNTbzj-web.pdf New Testament in Belizean Creole]<br />
*: Copyright Wycliffe Bible Translators and Bible Society of the West Indies, '''Creative Commons License BY-NC-ND 3.0'''<br />
<br />
===Dictionary===<br />
https://www.scribd.com/document/329005060/Belize-Kriol-English-Dictionary <br><br />
This is an English-Kriol dictionary first published in 2007 funded by the Belizean Ministry of Education and the National Institute of Culture and History. It includes notes on the grammar and writing systems. <br><br />
Contains Belizean Creole dictionary from scribd.com. acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Grammar Book===<br />
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/20/99/21/20992139271472124394945438780794345365/The_Song_of_Kriol_UnicodeElectronic2013.pdf <br><br />
Describes the language system and sentence structure for Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains grammar from sil.org, acquired on 2025-2-4, copyright from Belize Kriol Project <br><br />
<br />
===Translators===<br />
https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/belizean-creole-translator/ <br><br />
Translates English to Belizean Creole <br><br />
Contains a translator from anythingtranslate.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright Anything Translate.<br><br />
<br />
https://lingojam.com/%5BPRIVATE%5DEnglishtoKriolTranslator <br><br />
This is a website that translates from several different languages into Belizean Kriol designed for Jehovah’s Witnesses. <br><br />
Contains a translator from lingojam.com, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright LingoJam<br><br />
<br />
===Academic Works===<br />
https://www.academia.edu/31666956/Irrealis_and_Emphatic_A_Corpus_Study_of_the_Bee_Copula_in_Belizean_Kriol <br><br />
This is an article about the context of the bee copula in Belizean Kriol based on tokens from Di Nyoo Testiment (2012).<br />
Contains an article from academia.edu, acquired 2025-02-04, copyright John Benjamins Publishing Company <br><br />
<br />
===Corpus Repository===<br />
{{comment|this section reports a developed resource, so shouldn't be under external resources}}<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-corpus<br />
<br />
== Developed Resources ==<br />
<br />
Belize Creole Keyboard Wiki Page: <br><br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/BelizeCreole/Keyboard<br />
<br />
Keyboard Git Repository: <br><br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-keyboard.git<br />
<br />
== Resources developed for Belize Creole ==<br />
<br />
https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
Language Pair repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng<br />
<br />
Belizian Creole repo: https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj<br />
<br />
English repo: https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]<br />
[[Category:Belizean_Creole]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Pmorris1_and_Lpark4/Final_Project&diff=26030
Pmorris1 and Lpark4/Final Project
2025-05-07T17:25:11Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>===What We Did===<br />
For our final project, we expanded the coverage of our analyser to include more tokens, improved several instances of ambiguity, and evaluated the performances of both.<br />
<br />
===Links to Code===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Results===<br />
We increased the coverage to 85.02823%.<br />
<br />
We decreased the ambiguity from 1.00925111 to 1.00255696 for an overall improvement of 0.7% and ~3,000 ambiguous words fixed.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Pmorris1_and_Lpark4/Final_Project&diff=26029
Pmorris1 and Lpark4/Final Project
2025-05-07T17:22:40Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>===What We Did===<br />
For our final project, we expanded the coverage of our analyser to include more tokens, improved several instances of disambiguation, and evaluated the performances of both.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Links to Code===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Results===<br />
We increased the coverage to 85.02823%.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Pmorris1_and_Lpark4/Final_Project&diff=26028
Pmorris1 and Lpark4/Final Project
2025-05-07T17:14:31Z
<p>Pmorris1: Created page with " Category:Belize_Creole Category:Sp25_FinalProjects"</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26024
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-06T16:07:44Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
Large corpus:<br />
*Coverage: 67.135%<br />
*Word count: 335010<br />
*Trimmed coverage: 54.8%<br />
*Number of tokens: 331035<br />
<br />
Stems in transducer: 286000<br />
<br />
Longer corpus:<br />
*WER: 101.12%<br />
*PER: 89.89%<br />
*Stems translated correctly: 98.25%<br />
*Trimmed coverage: 98.3%<br />
*Number of tokens: 121<br />
<br />
Error rates are high because differences in sentence structure and word meaning lead to non-one-to-one translations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26023
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-06T16:07:18Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
Large corpus:<br />
*Coverage: 67.135%<br />
*Word count: 335010<br />
*Trimmed coverage: 54.8%<br />
*Number of tokens: 331035<br />
<br />
Stems in transducer: 286000<br />
<br />
Longer corpus:<br />
*WER: 101.12%<br />
*PER: 89.89%<br />
*Stems translated correctly: 98.25%<br />
*Trimmed coverage:<br />
*Number of tokens:<br />
<br />
Error rates are high because differences in sentence structure and word meaning lead to non-one-to-one translations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26022
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-06T15:51:33Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
Large corpus:<br />
*Coverage: 67.135%<br />
*Word count: 335010<br />
*Trimmed coverage: <br />
*Number of tokens:<br />
<br />
Stems in transducer: 286000<br />
<br />
Longer corpus:<br />
*WER: 101.12%<br />
*PER: 89.89%<br />
*Stems translated correctly: 98.25%<br />
*Trimmed coverage: <br />
*Number of tokens:<br />
Error rates are high because differences in sentence structure and word meaning lead to non-one-to-one translations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26021
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-06T15:34:13Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
Large corpus:<br />
*Coverage: 67.135%<br />
*Word count: 335010<br />
<br />
Stems in transducer: 286000<br />
<br />
Longer corpus:<br />
*WER: 101.12%<br />
*PER: 89.89%<br />
*Stems translated correctly: 98.25%<br />
Error rates are high because differences in sentence structure and word meaning lead to non-one-to-one translations.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26018
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-06T15:21:07Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
Coverage: 67.135%<br />
<br />
Words in large corpus: 335010<br />
<br />
Stems in transducer: 286000<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26004
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-05T21:05:47Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall: 35.60%<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26003
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-05T21:05:00Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* Final Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Precision: 56.19%<br />
<br />
Recall:35.60%<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=26002
Belize Creole and English
2025-05-05T20:30:16Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Additions===<br />
<br />
* Added 110 more stems to the bilingual dictionary<br />
* Expanded morphology to cover onomatopoeia, negation, pronominal adjectives, salutations, and honorifics<br />
* Added three new disambiguation rules to tagger<br />
<br />
<br />
===Final Evaluation===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25897
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-27T21:45:10Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
Auxiliary verb insertion (bzj --> eng)<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
* unu noh bileev mi<br />
** tagger - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>$ ^bileev<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lex - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** transfer - ^you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^do<AuxP>$ ^not<adv><adv>$ ^believe<v><p3><sg>$ ^me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** bzj-eng - #you #do #not #believe #me<br />
<br />
<br />
WER: 78.79% (incorrectly added the word "do" in one of the sentences but added it correctly in another so they negated each other)<br />
<br />
PER 66.67%<br />
<br />
Coverage test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 26<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25896
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-27T21:44:19Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
Auxiliary verb insertion (bzj --> eng)<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
* unu noh bileev mi<br />
** tagger - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>$ ^bileev<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lex - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** transfer - ^you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^do<AuxP>$ ^not<adv><adv>$ ^believe<v><p3><sg>$ ^me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** bzj-eng - #you #do #not #believe #me<br />
<br />
<br />
WER: 78.79% (incorrectly added the word "do" in one of the sentences but added it correctly in another so they negated each other)<br />
<br />
PER 66.67%<br />
<br />
Coverage test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25895
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-27T21:44:09Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
Auxiliary verb insertion (bzj --> eng)<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
* unu noh bileev mi<br />
** tagger - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>$ ^bileev<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lex - ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** transfer - ^you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^do<AuxP>$ ^not<adv><adv>$ ^believe<v><p3><sg>$ ^me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>$<br />
** bzj-eng - #you #do #not #believe #me<br />
<br />
WER: 78.79% (incorrectly added the word "do" in one of the sentences but added it correctly in another so they negated each other)<br />
<br />
PER 66.67%<br />
<br />
Coverage test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Limbu_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25894
Limbu and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-27T21:27:49Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* post-evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==pre-evaluation==<br />
* Coverage: 100%<br />
* WER: 91.46%<br />
* PER: 90.24%<br />
<br />
==transfer rule==<br />
SOV (Limbu) vs SVO (English)<br />
<br />
==post-evaluation==<br />
* ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ ᤆᤡᤃᤧᤔᤠᤛᤢᤶ॥<br />
** tagger - ^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>$ ^ᤆᤡ<adv>+ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$^॥<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lex - ^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>/speech<n><sg>$ ^ᤆᤡ<adv>/a little<adv>$ ^ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>/lose<vblex><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$^॥<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** transfer - Applying rule 2 (line 52): ^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$Applying rule 3 (line 53): ^Limbu<AP><ND>{^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$}$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>/speech<n><sg>$ Applying rule 4 (line 54): ^ᤆᤡ<adv>/a little<adv>$ ^ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>/lose<vblex><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$ Applying rule 5 (line 55): ^Speech<DP><sg>{^Limbu<AP><ND>{^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$}$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>/speech<n><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP>{^ᤆᤡ<adv>/a little<adv>$ ^ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>/lose<vblex><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$}$ Applying output rule 4 (line 55): Lose<VP><ND> -> ^Speech<DP><sg>{^Limbu<AP><ND>{^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$}$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>/speech<n><sg>$}$ ^lose<vP>{^ᤆᤡ<adv>/a little<adv>$ ^ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>/lose<vblex><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$}$ Applying output rule 3 (line 54): lose<vP> -> ^ᤆᤡ<adv>/a little<adv>$ ^ᤔᤠ᤺ᤔᤠ<v><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>/lose<vblex><nonpast><s_pl2><o_3><o_sg><perf>$ No rule specified: ^a little<adv>$ No rule specified: ^lose<vblex>$ Applying output rule 2 (line 53): Speech<DP><sg> -> ^Limbu<AP><ND>{^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$}$ ^ᤐᤠᤴ<n><sg>/speech<n><sg>$ Applying output rule 1 (line 52): Limbu<AP><sg> -> ^ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ<n><attr>/Limbu<n><attr>$ No rule specified: ^Limbu<n><m><sg>$ No rule specified: ^speech<n><m><sg> No rule specified: ^॥<sent>/.<sent>$ No rule specified: ^.<sent>/.<sent>$ ^a little<adv>$ ^lose<vblex>$ ^Limbu<n><m><sg>$ ^speech<n><m><sg>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
** lif-eng - a little #lose #Limbu #speech.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Limbu]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_StructuralTransfer]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25892
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-27T21:15:20Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
Auxiliary verb insertion (bzj --> eng)<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25741
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-17T16:01:10Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25740
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-17T16:01:01Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
WER: 78.79%<br />
PER: 63.64%<br />
Coverage Test: 97.14%<br />
<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25735
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-17T15:48:29Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|unu noh bileev mi|you do not believe me}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|di prafit dehn ded.|The prophets are dead}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|di prafit dehn ded|The prohpets are dead}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|aksep di ting dehn|listen to my words}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Unu da fahn fi unu pa|You are from your father}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|da di devl|the devil}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25732
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-17T15:47:04Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|weh Ah di seh?|what I say?}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Ai di tel|I speak}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?|You have seen Abraham!}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|Unu da fahn fi unu pa|You are from your father}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferTest|bzj|eng|da di devl|the devil}}<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English&diff=25686
Belize Creole and English
2025-04-15T16:25:45Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belizean_Creole Belize Creole] and [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/English English]===<br />
<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-bzj-eng-corpus<br />
<br />
Contrastive Grammar: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar<br />
<br />
Structural Transfer: https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer<br />
<br />
===Belize Creole → English Evaluation===<br />
<br />
Monolingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
Bilingual transducer coverage: 119/121<br />
<br />
===Sentences Translated===<br />
<br />
1. How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham?”<br />
<br />
*Intended translation: "You have seen Abraham!"<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: How #you #could #say #you #see *Aybraham?<br />
<br />
<br />
2. Da mai Faada da di Wan weh prayz mee. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: In fact, my glory is conferred by the Father,<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^mai<prn><pos>/my<prn><pos>$ ^Faada<n>/Father<n>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^Wan<n>/One<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^prayz<v>/praise<v>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #my #Father from #the #One #which #praise #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
3. 53 Yoo grayta dan fi wee ansesta Aybraham den? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Are you greater than our father Abraham, who is dead? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^53<num>/53<num>$ ^Yoo<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^grayta<adj>/greater<adj>$ ^dan<pr>/than<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^wee<prn><pos>/our<prn><pos>$ ^ansesta<n>/ancestor<n>$ ^*Aybraham/*Aybraham$ ^den<adv>/then<adv>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 53 #You #greater #than for #our #ancestor *Aybraham then? <br />
<br />
<br />
4. Wel, hihn ahn di prafit dehn ded. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: The prophets are dead too. <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wel<ij>/well<ij>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^prafit<n><pl>/prophet<n><pl>$ ^ded<adj>/dead<adj>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: well, #those #<adv> #the prophets dead. <br />
<br />
<br />
5. Soh da hoo yoo tink yoo soh?” <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Who are you claiming to be?'<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Soh<ij>/So<ij>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^hoo<prn><itg>/who<prn><itg>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^tink<v>/think<v>$ ^yoo<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^soh<ij>/so<ij>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$”^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #So from #who #you #think #you #so?” <br />
<br />
<br />
6. Wai unu noh andastan weh Ah di seh? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Why do you not understand what I say? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Wai<adv><itg>/Why<adv><itg>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^andastan<v>/understand<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: Why #you not #understand #which #I #the #say? <br />
<br />
<br />
7. Da kaa unu rifyooz fi aksep di ting dehn weh Ah di teech unu. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Because you cannot bear to listen to my words.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Da<pr>/From<pr>$ ^kaa<vaux>/can<vaux>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^rifyooz<v>/refuse<v>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^aksep<v>/accept<v>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^ting<n><pl>/thing<n><pl>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^Ah<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^teech<v>/teach<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: From #can #you #refuse for #accept #the things #which #I #the #teach #you. <br />
<br />
<br />
8. Unu da fahn fi unu pa weh da di devl, ahn unu waahn du weh hihn seh. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: You are from your father, the devil, and you prefer to do what your father wants.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Unu<prn><p2><sg>/You<prn><p2><sg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^fahn<pr>/<pr>$ ^fi<pr>/for<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^pa<n>/father<n>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^da<pr>/from<pr>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^devl<n>/devil<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^waahn<v>/want<v>$ ^du<v>/do<v>$ ^weh<prn><itg>/which<prn><itg>$ ^hihn<adv>/those<adv>$ ^seh<v>/say<v>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: #You from #<pr> for #you #father #which from #the #devil, #<adv> #you #want #do #which #those #say. <br />
<br />
<br />
9. Bot unu si, now dat Ai di tel unu di chroot, unu noh bileev mi. <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: But it is because I speak the truth that you do not believe me.<br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^Bot<cnjcoo>/but<cnjcoo>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si<v>/see<v>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^now<adv>/now<adv>$ ^dat<pr>/that<pr>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^tel<v>/tell<v>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^di<det>/the<det>$ ^chroot<n>/truth<n>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh<adv>/not<adv>$ ^bileev<v>/believe<v>$ ^mi<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: but #you #see, now #that #I #the #tell #you #the #truth, #you not #believe #me. <br />
<br />
<br />
10. 46 Wich wan a unu ku paint finga pahn mee ahn akyooz mi seh Ai sin? <br />
<br />
*Intended translation: Can any of you convict me of sin? <br />
*Lexical transfer mode output: ^46<num>/46<num>$ ^Wich<prn><itg>/Which<prn><itg>$ ^wan<n>/one<n>$ ^a<pr>/of<pr>$ ^unu<prn><p2><sg>/you<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku<vaux>/could<vaux>$ ^paint<v>/point<v>$ ^finga<n>/finger<n>$ ^pahn<pr>/upon<pr>$ ^mee<prn><p1><sg>/me<prn><p1><sg>$ ^ahn<adv>/<adv>$ ^akyooz<v>/accuse<v>$ ^seh<v><past>/say<v><past>$ ^Ai<prn><p1><sg>/I<prn><p1><sg>$ ^sin<v>/sin<v>$^?<sent>/?<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$ <br />
<br />
*Full translation mode output: 46 #Which #one of #you #could #point #finger upon #me #<adv> #accuse #say #I #sin? <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Translation pairs]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Structural_Transfer&diff=25684
Belize Creole and English/Structural Transfer
2025-04-15T16:23:38Z
<p>Pmorris1: Created page with "== Pre-Evaluation == == Structural Transfer Rules == == Post-Evaluation == Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer Category:Belize_Creole Category:English"</p>
<hr />
<div>== Pre-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
== Structural Transfer Rules ==<br />
<br />
== Post-Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25630
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:17:36Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25629
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:17:00Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25628
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:16:39Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|aksep{{tag|v}} di{{tag|det}} ting dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|listen to{{tag|v}}{{tag|imp}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} words{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25627
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:10:53Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25626
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:10:37Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25625
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:10:15Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 4. Adding plural auxiliary: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25624
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:06:53Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25623
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:05:38Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25622
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:05:21Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25621
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:04:43Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|How{{tag|adv}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} ku{{tag|vaux}} seh{{tag|v}} yoo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} si{{tag|v}} Aybraham{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vaux}} seen{{tag|v}} Abraham{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25620
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:00:32Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25619
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T21:00:16Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 2. Difference in word order: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25618
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:59:18Z
<p>Pmorris1: </p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25617
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:58:51Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25616
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:58:38Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|di{{tag|det}} prafit dehn{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ded{{tag|adj}}|the{{tag|det}} prophets{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} are{{tag|v}} dead{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25615
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:55:37Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25614
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:55:28Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25613
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:55:11Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25612
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:54:38Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 3. Adding auxiliary verbs: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} noh{{tag|adv}} bileev{{tag|v}} mi{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} do{{tag|vaux}} not{{tag|vaux}} believe{{tag|v}} me{{tag|pr}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25611
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:47:47Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 1. Adding definite articles: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25610
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:47:36Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Belize_Creole_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25609
Belize Creole and English/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-12T20:47:16Z
<p>Pmorris1: /* 5. Adding prepositions: */</p>
<hr />
<div>==BZJ-ENG Tests==<br />
<br />
=== 1. Adding definite articles:===<br />
weh Ah di seh? --> what I say?<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|weh{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}} Ah{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} seh{{tag|v}}|what{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}say{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
Ai di tel --> I speak<br />
<br />
{{transferMorphTest|bzj|eng|Ai{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|det}} tell{{tag|v}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}speak{{tag|v}}}}<br />
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=== 2. Difference in word order:===<br />
How yoo ku seh yoo si Aybraham? --> You have seen Abraham!<br />
<br />
^How/How<adv>/How<adv>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^ku/ku<vaux>$ ^seh/seh<v>$ ^yoo/yu<prn><p2><sg>/yoo<prn><p2><sg>$ ^si/si<v>$ ^Aybraham/*Aybraham$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ->(eng) ^You/You<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/Prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/Prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^have/have<vbhaver><pres>$ ^seen/see<vblex><pp>$ ^Abraham/Abraham<np><ant><m><sg>$^!./!.<sent>$<br />
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=== 3. Adding auxiliary verbs:===<br />
unu noh bileev mi --> you do not believe me<br />
<br />
^unu/unu<prn><p2><sg>$ ^noh/noh<adv>$ ^bileev/bileev<v>$ ^mi/mi<prn><p1><sg>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^you/you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp>/prpers<prn><obj><p2><mf><sp>$ ^do/do<vbdo><pres>$ ^not/not<adv>$ ^believe/believe<vblex><inf>/believe<vblex><pres>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prophets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== 4. Adding plural auxiliary:===<br />
di prafit dehn ded. --> The prohpets are dead<br />
<br />
^di/di<det>$ ^prafit dehn/prafit<n><pl>$ ^ded/ded<adj>$^../..<sent>$ -> (eng) ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^prophets/prophet<n><pl>$ ^are/be<vbser><pres>/be<vblex><pres><p1><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p2><sg>/be<vblex><pres><p2><pl>/be<vblex><pres><p3><pl>$ ^dead/dead<adj>$^./.<sent>$<br />
<br />
aksep di ting dehn --> listen to my words.<br />
<br />
^aksep/aksep<v>$ ^di/di<det>$ ^ting dehn/ting<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$ -> (eng) ^listen to/listen# to<vblex><imp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$<br />
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=== 5. Adding prepositions:===<br />
Unu da fahn fi unu pa --> You are from your father<br />
<br />
<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|Unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} da{{tag|pr}} fahn{{tag|pr}} fi{{tag|pr}} unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} pa{{tag|n}}|You{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} are{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} father{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
da di devl --> the devil<br />
<br />
<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|eng|bzj|da{{tag|pr}} di{{tag|det}} devl{{tag|n}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} devil{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Belize_Creole]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>
Pmorris1