http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Preth1LING073 - User contributions [en]2026-10-25T01:24:30ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.27.7http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26251Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:55:23Z<p>Preth1: /* Relevant Links */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English Transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English Language Pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* Edit distance: 52<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is. The author of the module has been contacted and is looking into it.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26250Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:41:33Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* Edit distance: 52<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is. The author of the module has been contacted and is looking into it.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26249Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:40:45Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Edit distance: 52<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is. The author of the module has been contacted and is looking into it.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26248Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:40:03Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is. The author of the module has been contacted and is looking into it.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26247Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:39:08Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is. The author has been contacted and is looking into it.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26246Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:38:34Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is why our error rate is higher than it is.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26245Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:38:05Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is making our error rate higher than it is.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26244Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:37:38Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is not making our negative phrases analyze.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26243Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:37:25Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
'''Note''': We have 5 lines in our verb phrases file that contain negatives with "mah," but there is a bug in the structural transfer module right now, which is not making our phrases analyze.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee/Final_Project&diff=26242Munsee/Final Project2025-05-14T14:32:56Z<p>Preth1: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Project Focus ==<br />
Despite ongoing efforts to revitalize the Munsee language, relatively few pedagogical resources are readily available to the public. Our tool aims to support a crucial step in the learning of this language: the translation of the grammatically complex verbs in Munsee to English, a language likely to be spoken by learners of Munsee.<br />
<br />
== Approach ==<br />
# We first generated a parallel corpus of verb phrases in Munsee and English.<br />
# We added verb stems to our bilingual dictionary (.dix) and monolingual transducer (.lexd), creating twol rules as necessary.<br />
## New twol rules for VTIs that take nouns, .... <br />
# We then created syntax trees to model the breakdown of various verb phrases.<br />
## Structural transfer rules were developed by tracking tags backwards up the trees<br />
## Attributes currently being tracked:<br />
### Transitivity<br />
### Animacy<br />
### Number<br />
### Polarity<br />
### Gender<br />
### Subject<br />
# We implemented structural transfer rules for translation from Munsee to English.<br />
## Issues resolved after presentation on 5/9/25:<br />
### Implemented "it" objects (applicable to transitive verbs)<br />
### Implemented subject tracking for transitive verbs<br />
# Finally, we evaluated our output (see evaluation section below)<br />
<br />
== Outstanding Tasks ==<br />
* Develop structural transfer rules so that objects of verbs can be tracked and translated<br />
** This will allow our tool to handle transitive verbs<br />
* Account for differences between stable and unstable verb stems<br />
** This will require work on both .lexd and .twol files<br />
* Implement future 'tense' with modal word 'uch'<br />
<br />
== Relevant Links ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-eng Repository for English transducer]<br />
* [https://github.com/kmbecker40/apertium-umu-eng Repository for Munsee-English language pair]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
''As of May 8, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 175<br />
* Number of words in test: 82<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 50<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 60.98%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 97.14%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 97.14%<br />
<br />
''As of May 14, 2025''<br />
<br />
Line Evaluation Results<br />
* Number of words in reference: 307<br />
* Number of words in test: 282<br />
* Number of unknown words in test: 0<br />
* Percentage of unknown words: 0.00%<br />
* '''Word Error Rate (WER)''': 17.59%<br />
* '''Position-Independent Word Error Rate (PER)''': 17.26%<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25905Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T16:47:03Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (~1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1679/1499 (~1.12)<br />
<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Git Repository]<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25904Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T16:44:49Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (~1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1679/1499 (~1.12)<br />
<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25903Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T16:44:15Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (~1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1679/1499 (~1.12)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25902Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T15:27:25Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (~1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1679/1499 (~1.12)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25901Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T15:27:12Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1679/1499 (~1.12)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25900Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T15:25:37Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~55.37%)<br />
**Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25899Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-29T15:24:59Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 830/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25868Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:55:23Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: <br />
**Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25867Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:54:48Z<p>Preth1: /* Final Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25866Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:51:07Z<p>Preth1: /* umu */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
====Morphological Ambiguity====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
Git Repository<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25865Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:48:49Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
*'''Há''' can be both a question marker and an emphatic marker. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the question marker when the sentences with a question mark.<br />
**^Káta/*Káta$ ^'''ha/há<qst>'''$ ^wŭlút/wŭlút<v><iv><nn><s_sg>$^?/?<sent>$^./.<sent>$ ("Is it going to be good?")<br />
**^Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>$ ^'''ha/há<emph>'''$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25864Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:45:17Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps" - we created this example.)<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example.)<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25863Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:44:25Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner tag when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps.")<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
*'''Níil''' can be a noun ("my head") or an inanimate demonstrative pronoun ("those"). To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the inanimate demonstrative pronoun tag when followed by an inanimate plural verb.<br />
**^Néemunal/*Néemunal$ ^'''níil/níil<det><dem><nn><pl>'''$ ^ahpapóonal/áhpapoon<n><nn><pl>$^../..<sent>$ ("I saw them - those chairs.")<br />
**^'''Níil/Níil<n><nn><sg>'''$ ^nuwiinamámaaw/*nuwiinamámaaw$^../..<sent>$ ("I hurt my head" - we created this example)<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25862Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:32:19Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This groundhog sleeps.")<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$ ("This is a spider.")<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25861Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:31:10Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<prn><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^ha/há<emph>$ ^meexalapóotiis/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><sg>/meexalapóotiis<n><aa><px3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25860Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:30:23Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
#'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25859Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:30:18Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
#'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
*^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25858Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:30:10Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
#'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
##^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25857Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:29:40Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun or demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25856Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:29:14Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be an animate demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25855Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:28:50Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' ("this") can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25854Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:28:33Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' "this" can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**^'''Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25853Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:28:21Z<p>Preth1: /* umu */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' "this" can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner. To resolve this ambiguity, we wrote code to choose the demonstrative determiner when '''wan''' precedes a noun.<br />
**'''^Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>'''$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25852Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:25:11Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
==== Morphological Ambiguity ====<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' "this" can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner.<br />
**^Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25851Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:24:55Z<p>Preth1: /* Morphological Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
Morphological Ambiguity<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' "this" can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner.<br />
**^Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25850Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:24:26Z<p>Preth1: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== Morphological Ambiguity ==<br />
<br />
*'''Wan''' "this" can be a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative determiner.<br />
**^Wan/Wan<det><dem><aa><sg>$ ^moonáhkeew/moonáhkeew<n><aa><sg>/moonáhkeew<n><aa><px3sg>$ ^kawíiw/kawíi<v><iv><aa><s_3sg>$^../..<sent>$<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25849Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:01:26Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
--<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/AmbiguityResolution&diff=25848Munsee and English/AmbiguityResolution2025-04-25T00:01:05Z<p>Preth1: /* Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu ==<br />
<br />
=== Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
* Coverage of umu.sentences.txt: 849/1499 (56.64%)<br />
* Ambiguity: 1717/1499 (1.145)<br />
* Coverage of bilingual transducer: 609/1296 (46.99%)<br />
* Coverage of eng.sentences.txt:<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.sentences.txt</code>: 867/1522 (~56.97%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1776/1522 (~1.167)<br />
<br />
*Coverage of <code>umu.corpus.basic.txt</code>: 848/1499 (~56.57%)<br />
**Ambiguity: 1738/1499 (~1.159)<br />
<br />
=== Identified Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Final Evaluation of Ambiguity ===<br />
<br />
== umu → eng ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee&diff=25679Munsee2025-04-15T16:20:26Z<p>Preth1: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Developed Resources ==<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-corpus Munsee Corpus Repository]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu-keyboard Munsee Keyboard Repository]<br />
** [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Keyboard#Existing_Resources Munsee Keyboard Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Grammar Munsee Grammar Documentation Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-umu Munsee Transducer Repository]<br />
**[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee/Transducer Munsee Transducer Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English Resources for Machine Translation between Munsee and English]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Munsee and English Contrastive Grammar]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Munsee_and_English/Structural_Transfer Munsee and English Structural Transfer]<br />
<br />
== External Resources ==<br />
<br />
=== Computational Resources ===<br />
<br />
* [https://help.keyman.com/keyboard/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan/9.1.1/fv_lunaapeewi_huluniixsuwaakan (On-screen) Keyboard layout for Lunáapeewi-hulŭniixsuwáakan (Munsee)] by KeymanHelp. Free and open source.<br />
<br />
* [https://www.languagegeek.com/algon/keyboards/keymaps/Lunaapee.pdf Munsee Keyboard Layout Option] by LanguageGeek. Copyright 2007 Chris Harvey.<br />
<br />
=== Dictionaries ===<br />
<br />
* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Delaware_English/English_Delaware_Dictio.html?id=-qf5oAEACAAJ Delaware-English, English-Delaware Dictionary] by John O'Meara: first modern dictionary of Munsee Delaware, containing 7,100 entries which include grammatical information. All rights reserved.<br />
<br />
=== Grammatical Descriptions ===<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_grammar# Wikipedia page on Munsee grammar]<br />
<br />
* [https://munseedelaware.com/ Munsee Delaware website] by Robert Shubinski: contains extensive grammar lessons and example sentences based on the works of John O'Meara and Ives Goddard.<br />
<br />
* John O'Meara (1954) - "[https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/concern/theses/pc289k722 Delaware Stem Morphology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Bruce Pearson (1972) - "[https://lx.berkeley.edu/publications/grammar-delaware-semantics-morpho-syntax-lexicon-phonology A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Phonology]" (dissertation)<br />
<br />
* Ives Goddard (1983) - "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1265210?seq=1 The Eastern Algonquian Subordinative Mode and the Importance of Morphology]"<br />
<br />
=== Scientific Works ===<br />
<br />
* [https://journals.indianapolis.iu.edu/index.php/ias/article/download/5361/5308 Voegelin (1939): The Lenape and Munsee Dialects of Delaware, an Algonquian Language]. A very old journal article detailing a comparative study of Algonquian languages, including Munsee. Helpful for understanding certain grammatical features of the language.<br />
<br />
* [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/465986 Swiggers (1985): Munsee borrowings from Dutch: Some phonological remarks]. A brief article detailing the phonological commonalities between Munsee and Dutch.<br />
<br />
=== Corpora ===<br />
<br />
# [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee.htm Native Languages of the Americas]: compilation of Munsee language resources (free for use for [https://www.native-languages.org/faq.htm#35 noncommercial educational purposes]) including:<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_animals.htm Munsee words for animals]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_body.htm Munsee words for body parts]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/munsee_colors.htm Munsee words for colors] with distinction between animate and inanimate nouns<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/numbers/munsee_numbers.htm Munsee words for numbers]<br />
## [https://www.native-languages.org/food/munsee_food.htm Munsee words for food]<br />
## "[https://www.bigorrin.org/archive24.htm When My Uncle Was Bewitched]": story in Munsee with English translation<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100246859/Home Munsee translation of morning and evening prayers] by Church of England, J. B. Wampum, and H. C. Hogg (1886) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100251993 Collection of hymns in Munsee and English] by Charles Halfmoon (1874) (scanned text). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100279714 Catechisms (summary of Christian principles in question-answer form) in Munsee] (1852) (scanned text with no English translation). Public Domain.<br />
# [https://munseedelaware.com/mahican-resource-articles/the-story-of-noah/ The Story of Noah in Munsee Delaware]: sentence-by-sentence transcription and translation of a version of the Biblical story of Noah's ark based on the 1980s [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 audio recording] of Emily Johnson for the Global Recordings Network.<br />
<br />
=== Audio/Video ===<br />
<br />
* [https://globalrecordings.net/en/program/17751 Oral narration of the Story of Noah in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nE2ymW8MqDs TPR lesson in Munsee]<br />
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyRNH1w8LiE Story (with illustrations) told in Munsee]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25650Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:45:45Z<p>Preth1: /* Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words. Meanwhile, the word "late" in English (as in "my late grandfather") is categorized as an adjective.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandfather{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|noohŭmáya|my late grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandmother{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25649Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:42:54Z<p>Preth1: /* Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words. Meanwhile, the word "late" in English (as in "my late grandfather") is categorized as an adjective.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandfather{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|óohŭm|my late grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandmother{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25648Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:39:56Z<p>Preth1: /* Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words. Meanwhile, the word "late" in English (as in "my late grandfather") is categorized as an adjective.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandfather{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25646Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:35:44Z<p>Preth1: /* Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words. Meanwhile, the word "late" used in the same way in English <br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|abs}}|my{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} late{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} grandfather{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25645Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:18:58Z<p>Preth1: /* Absence Suffix */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words. Meanwhile, the word "late" used in the same way in English <br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25644Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T01:17:38Z<p>Preth1: /* umu-eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|uw|he said}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|uw{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} say{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kŭnéewaaw|you see him}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|néem{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_2sg}}{{tag|o_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpáham|he shut it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpáham{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|s}} shut{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|miichiinéewa|they ate it}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míichii{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|s_3pl}}{{tag|o_sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Absence Suffix ===<br />
The suffix -aya marks a noun as "recently deceased." They may only be used on person names and kinship words.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|nŭmoxoomsáya|my late grandfather}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|moxóomus{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} see{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25639Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T00:37:29Z<p>Preth1: /* Locative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|through the door}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kpahoon{{tag|n}}{{tag|nn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|through{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} door{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|to{{tag|pr}} God{{tag|np}}{{tag|al}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|alóhkeew|he works}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} work{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|akihkakulooneewak|they lie}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kulooneew{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} lie{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
** NOT SURE WHY LIE DOES NOT ANALYZE THIS WAY IN APERTIUM-ENG<br />
** ALSO, NOT SURE IF STEM SHOULD INCLUDE W AT THE END OR NOT<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25636Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T00:29:42Z<p>Preth1: /* Locative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kpahoonung|into the ship}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaasung|to God}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|Pahtamawaas{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|óohŭm{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtukw{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|alóhkeew|he works}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|alóhkee{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} work{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25633Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-13T00:24:46Z<p>Preth1: /* Locative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxool{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Possession ===<br />
Munsee marks possession on nouns, whereas English uses a separate possessive determiner.<br />
<br />
NOTE: PAMBIIL TWOL NO LONGER WORKING<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|mbambíilum|my book}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|pámbiil{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kóohum|your grandmother}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kóohum{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px2sg}}|your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal|his tree}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|míhtkwumal{{tag|n}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|px3sg}}|his{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} tree{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Subjects ===<br />
Munsee marks the subject of a verb, whereas English uses a separate subject pronoun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|kawíiw|he sleeps}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|kawíi{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|s_3sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} sleep{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Verb Objects ===<br />
Munsee marks the object of a verb, whereas English uses a separate object pronoun.<br />
<br />
=== Yes/No Questions ===<br />
ha => need "do" support<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
NOT A PROBLEM IN TRANSLATION IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
NOT IN THIS TRANSLATION DIRECTION<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
NOT REALLY A PROBLEM IN THIS DIRECTION<br />
<br />
Munsee differentiates between the inclusive (us and you) and exclusive (just us) first-person plural, whereas English does not. This applies to verbs, as well as the possession of nouns.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25568Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-10T16:37:49Z<p>Preth1: /* Locative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
They also have contracted forms:<br />
*ay + ung = eeng <br />
*uy + ung = iing<br />
*uw + ung = oong <br />
<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung{{tag|nn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
<br />
=== Possessives ===<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Munsee_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25556Munsee and English/Contrastive Grammar2025-04-10T16:33:33Z<p>Preth1: /* Locative */</p>
<hr />
<div>== umu-eng tests ==<br />
<br />
=== Locative ===<br />
<br />
Munsee uses a special locative suffix (-ung), which turns a noun into a location and adding meanings such as:<br />
*"to the"<br />
*"at the"<br />
*"in the"<br />
*"on the"<br />
This is different from English, which uses separate prepositional words (e.g. "at" "in" "on").<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung|in the boat}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|umu|eng|amoxoolung{{tag|nn}}{{tag|aa}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}|in{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} boat{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Obviative ===<br />
<br />
=== Verb Animacy ===<br />
<br />
=== Possessives ===<br />
<br />
=== Inclusive vs Exclusive "We" ===<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]<br />
[[Category:Munsee]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Preth1