LING073 - User contributions [en]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T03:07:57Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|s3}}{{tag|o2}}{{tag|p2}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} suwa{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p2}} noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|all}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|stll}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}{{tag|quot_evid}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Kima kabra huk pumash kanaq.|Habían tres cabras y un puma.}} ("There were three goats and two pumas.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Kima{{tag|num}} kabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} huk{{tag|num}} pumash{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} tres{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} cabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} y{{tag|cnjcoo}} un{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} puma{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Pirqachaw ishpay kan.|Está orinando en la pared.}} ("They are peeing on the wall.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|pirqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}} ishpa{{tag|v}}{{tag|infite}} kan{{tag|v}}{{tag|p3}}|está{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} orinar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ger}} en{{tag|pr}} el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} pared{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T03:07:45Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|s3}}{{tag|o2}}{{tag|p2}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} suwa{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p2}} noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|all}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|stll}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}{{tag|quot_evid}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Kima kabra huk pumash kanaq.|Habían tres cabras y un puma.}} ("There were three goats and two pumas.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Kima{{tag|num}} kabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} huk{{tag|num}} pumash{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} tres{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} cabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} y{{tag|cnjcoo}} un{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} puma{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Pirqachaw ishpay kan.|Está orinando en la pared.}} ("They are peeing on the wall.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|pirqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}} ishpa{{tag|v}}{{tag|infite}}
kan{{tag|v}}{{tag|p3}}|está{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} orinar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ger}} en{{tag|pr}} el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} pared{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T03:07:32Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T02:46:15Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|s3}}{{tag|o2}}{{tag|p2}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} suwa{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p2}} noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|all}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|quot_dif_evid}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|stll}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}{{tag|quot_evid}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Kima kabra huk pumash kanaq.|Habían tres cabras y un puma.}} ("There were three goats and two pumas.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Kima{{tag|num}} kabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} huk{{tag|num}} pumash{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} tres{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} cabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} y{{tag|cnjcoo}} un{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} puma{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}{{tag|prn}} weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|nounref}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}} ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}} ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} amargo{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}} lágrima{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} convertir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} en{{tag|pr}} hielo{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T02:31:38Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shI */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}suwa{{tag|v}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|px2sg}}noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|pr}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|stll}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}{{tag|quot_evid}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Kima kabra huk pumash kanaq.|Habían tres cabras y un puma.}} ("There were three goats and two pumas.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Kima{{tag|num}} kabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} huk{{tag|num}} pumash{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} tres{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} cabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} y{{tag|cnjcoo}} un{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} puma{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}} weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}} ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}} ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} amargo{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}} lágrima{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} convertir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} en{{tag|pr}} hielo{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T02:07:59Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}suwa{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|px2sg}}noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|pr}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Kima kabra huk pumash kanaq.|Habían tres cabras y un puma.}} ("There were three goats and two pumas.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Kima{{tag|num}} kabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} huk{{tag|num}} pumash{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|indirect_evid}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} tres{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} cabra{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} y{{tag|cnjcoo}} un{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} puma{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}} weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}} ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}} ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} amargo{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}} lágrima{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} convertir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} en{{tag|pr}} hielo{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-09T01:46:42Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indirect_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} uusha{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}}suwa{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|px2sg}}noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}chiki{{tag|v}}{{tag|pr}} wawa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} kuya{{tag|v}}{{tag|subz}}{{tag|p1}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}}amargo{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}}lágrima{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}convertir{{tag|vblx}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}en{{tag|pr}}hielo{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Lexical selection

2023-05-09T00:13:42Z

Sgutier2:

==qwh -> spa ==

=== case 1: tsuktsu ===
Tsuktsu in Huaylas Quechua can mean ''paludismo'' or ''temblar'' in Spanish ('malaria' or 'to shake' in English).

*Malaria meaning: Tsuktsuta kanki.
** "You have malaria."

*To shake meaning: Tsuktsunki.
** "You shakes"

===case 2: ollqu ===
Ollqu in Huaylas Quechua can translate to ''hombre'' or ''tener cólera'' in Spanish ('man' or 'to be angry' in English).

*Man meaing:
**

*To be angry meaning: '
**

[[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Sp23_LexicalSelection]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-08T23:11:56Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh -> spa evaluation */

==Background==

We decided to use Spanish instead of English for several reasons. First, Huaylas Quechua is spoken in the Ancash region of Peru; in addition to other Quechuan languages, the biggest language in the country is Spanish. Therefore any translation work for Huaylas Quechua makes the most sense to be either a Quechuan language or Spanish. Secondly, there were parallel texts already available in Quechua and Spanish, including a wealth of side-by-side translated stories. They made far more sense than using the Huaylas Bible, which, while bigger, was presumably translated from English into Huaylas Quechua, and while the Spanish Bible is easy enough to find, those two versions were not written with the other in mind. In short, we wanted to cut out ambiguity (could we be sure it was the exact same as the English Bible that Wycliffe used? Probably not) and also make a logical decision for the language.

==Resources for Huaylas Quechua and Spanish==

*[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Huaylas_Quechua wiki for Huaylas Quechua]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language wiki for Spanish]

==qwh -> spa evaluation==
'''1. Unë tiempush cayänaq ishquë jatusaq marcacuna''' 
spa: Hace mucho tiempo hubo dos imperios. 
eng: A long time ago, there were two empires. 

full trans: *Unë #tiempo #ser *ishquë *jatusaq *marcacuna 
biltrans: ^*Unë/*Unë$ ^tiempush<n><sg><nom>/tiempo<n><m><sg><nom>$ ^ka<v><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>/ser<vbser><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>$ ^*ishquë/*ishquë$ ^*jatusaq/*jatusaq$ ^*marcacuna/*marcacuna$

'''2. Tsë reycunapash cayäpunaq wamrancuna.''' 
spa: Esos reyes tenían sus hijos. 
eng: These kings had their children. 

full trans: *Tsë *reycunapash *cayäpunaq *wamrancuna 
biltrans: ^*Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*reycunapash/*reycunapash$ ^*cayäpunaq/*cayäpunaq$ ^*wamrancuna/*wamrancuna$

'''3. Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.''' 
spa: Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo. 
eng: Their bitter tears turned into ice. 

full trans: *Tsë *weqincunanash *ëwanqan *mas *rajuman *ticracurëcanaq 
biltrans: *Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*weqincunanash/*weqincunanash$ ^*ëwanqan/*ëwanqan$ ^*mas/*mas$ ^*rajuman/*rajuman$ ^*ticracurëcanaq/*ticracurëcanaq$

'''4. Tsëpitanash watëcuyänaq frenti frenti.''' 
spa: Los amarraron frente a frente. 
eng: They tied them up face-to-face. 

full trans: *Tsëpitanash *watëcuyänaq *frenti *frenti 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpitanash/*Tsëpitanash$ ^*watëcuyänaq/*watëcuyänaq$ ^*frenti/*frenti$ ^*frenti/*frenti$

'''5. Wandï caqshi ticrarinaq Huandoyman; y Wascar caqnash ticrarinaq Huascaranman.''' 
spa: Huandy se convirtió en el Nevado Huandoy: y Huáscar en el Nevado Huascarán. 
eng: 

full trans: *Wandï *caqshi *ticrarinaq *Huandoyman; *y #Huascar *caqnash *ticrarinaq *Huascaranman
 
biltrans: *Wandï/*Wandï$ ^*caqshi/*caqshi$ ^*ticrarinaq/*ticrarinaq$ ^*Huandoyman/*Huandoyman$; ^*y/*y$ ^Wascar<n><sg><nom>/Huascar<n><f><sg><nom>$ ^*caqnash/*caqnash$ ^*ticrarinaq/*ticrarinaq$ ^*Huascaranman/*Huascaranman$.

'''6. Tsëpaqnöpis Huascaran caqpita yacu juntacan orqun caq qochaman.''' 
spa: Por coincidencia, el agua de Huascarán se junta en el Orqon Qocha (Laguna Macho). 
eng:

full trans: *Tsëpaqnöpis *Huascaran *caqpita #agua *juntacan *orqun #ser #laguna.
 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpaqnöpis/*Tsëpaqnöpis$ ^*Huascaran/*Huascaran$ ^*caqpita/*caqpita$ ^yaku<n><sg><nom>/agua<n><f><sg><nom>$ ^*juntacan/*juntacan$ ^*orqun/*orqun$ ^ka<v><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>/ser<vbser><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>$ ^qocha<n><sg><all>/laguna<n><f><sg><all>$.

'''7. Huandoy caqpitana chïnan caq qochaman.''' 
spa: El agua de Huandoy se junta en el Chinan Qocha (Laguna Hembra). 
eng:

full trans: *Huandoy *caqpitana *chïnan #ser #laguna.
 
biltrans: ^*Huandoy/*Huandoy$ ^*caqpitana/*caqpitana$ ^*chïnan/*chïnan$ ^ka<v><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>/ser<vbser><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>$ ^qocha<n><sg><all>/laguna<n><f><sg><all>$.

'''8. Waqunacurishqa eucurëcayaptinnash, soldaducuna riquëcuyänaq.''' 
spa: Cuando caminaban juntos, un soldado de uno de los padres los vio. 
eng:

full trans: *Waqunacurishqa *eucurëcayaptinnash, *soldaducuna *riquëcuyänaq
 
biltrans: ^*Waqunacurishqa/*Waqunacurishqa$ ^*eucurëcayaptinnash/*eucurëcayaptinnash$, ^*soldaducuna/*soldaducuna$ ^*riquëcuyänaq/*riquëcuyänaq$
poliwag[ling073-qwh-spa]$

'''9. Punkupa yarqurqan.''' 
spa: Salió por la puerta.
eng: He left through the door.

full trans: *punkupa #salir 
biltrans: ^*punkupa/*punkupa$ ^yarqu<v><sg><pret><p3>/salir<vblex><inf><sg><pret><p3>$

'''10. Tsëshi canancamayaq waqayan maläya suertillancunata.''' 
spa: Hasta ahora estos nevados lloran su triste suerte. 
eng: Even today the mountains cry about ? 

full trans: *Tsëshi *canancamayaq *waqayan *maläya *suertillancunata 
biltrans: ^*Tsëshi/*Tsëshi$ ^*canancamayaq/*canancamayaq$ ^*waqayan/*waqayan$ ^*maläya/*maläya$ ^*suertillancunata/*suertillancunata$

===Monolingual transducer===
04.06
MONOLINGUAL
Evaluation of qwh.sentences.txt: 
Coverage: 15.68% 
Top unknown words in the corpus: 
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
2 ticrarinaq 
1 Quë 
Translation time: 0.05229592323303223 seconds

===Bilingual transducer===
BILINGUAL: qwh-spa
Coverage: 6.49%
Top unknown words in the corpus:
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
3 qochaman 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 soldaducuna 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
Translation time: 0.05033445358276367 seconds

===translated sentences===

==External Resources==
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-qwh-spa translator for qwh and spa]
*transducer for Huaylas Quechua
*transducer for Spanish

[[Category:Sp23_TranslationPairs]][[Category:Huaylas_Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-08T23:00:59Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh -> spa evaluation */

==Background==

We decided to use Spanish instead of English for several reasons. First, Huaylas Quechua is spoken in the Ancash region of Peru; in addition to other Quechuan languages, the biggest language in the country is Spanish. Therefore any translation work for Huaylas Quechua makes the most sense to be either a Quechuan language or Spanish. Secondly, there were parallel texts already available in Quechua and Spanish, including a wealth of side-by-side translated stories. They made far more sense than using the Huaylas Bible, which, while bigger, was presumably translated from English into Huaylas Quechua, and while the Spanish Bible is easy enough to find, those two versions were not written with the other in mind. In short, we wanted to cut out ambiguity (could we be sure it was the exact same as the English Bible that Wycliffe used? Probably not) and also make a logical decision for the language.

==Resources for Huaylas Quechua and Spanish==

*[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Huaylas_Quechua wiki for Huaylas Quechua]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language wiki for Spanish]

==qwh -> spa evaluation==
'''1. Unë tiempush cayänaq ishquë jatusaq marcacuna''' 
spa: Hace mucho tiempo hubo dos imperios. 
eng: A long time ago, there were two empires. 

full trans: *Unë #tiempo #ser *ishquë *jatusaq *marcacuna 
biltrans: ^*Unë/*Unë$ ^tiempush<n><sg><nom>/tiempo<n><m><sg><nom>$ ^ka<v><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>/ser<vbser><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>$ ^*ishquë/*ishquë$ ^*jatusaq/*jatusaq$ ^*marcacuna/*marcacuna$

'''2. Tsë reycunapash cayäpunaq wamrancuna.''' 
spa: Esos reyes tenían sus hijos. 
eng: These kings had their children. 

full trans: *Tsë *reycunapash *cayäpunaq *wamrancuna 
biltrans: ^*Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*reycunapash/*reycunapash$ ^*cayäpunaq/*cayäpunaq$ ^*wamrancuna/*wamrancuna$

'''3. Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.''' 
spa: Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo. 
eng: Their bitter tears turned into ice. 

full trans: *Tsë *weqincunanash *ëwanqan *mas *rajuman *ticracurëcanaq 
biltrans: *Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*weqincunanash/*weqincunanash$ ^*ëwanqan/*ëwanqan$ ^*mas/*mas$ ^*rajuman/*rajuman$ ^*ticracurëcanaq/*ticracurëcanaq$

'''4. Tsëpitanash watëcuyänaq frenti frenti.''' 
spa: Los amarraron frente a frente. 
eng: They tied them up face-to-face. 

full trans: *Tsëpitanash *watëcuyänaq *frenti *frenti 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpitanash/*Tsëpitanash$ ^*watëcuyänaq/*watëcuyänaq$ ^*frenti/*frenti$ ^*frenti/*frenti$

'''5. Wandï caqshi ticrarinaq Huandoyman; y Wascar caqnash ticrarinaq Huascaranman.''' 
spa: Huandy se convirtió en el Nevado Huandoy: y Huáscar en el Nevado Huascarán. 
eng: 

full trans: *Wandï *caqshi *ticrarinaq *Huandoyman; *y #Huascar *caqnash *ticrarinaq *Huascaranman
 
biltrans: *Wandï/*Wandï$ ^*caqshi/*caqshi$ ^*ticrarinaq/*ticrarinaq$ ^*Huandoyman/*Huandoyman$; ^*y/*y$ ^Wascar<n><sg><nom>/Huascar<n><f><sg><nom>$ ^*caqnash/*caqnash$ ^*ticrarinaq/*ticrarinaq$ ^*Huascaranman/*Huascaranman$.

'''6. Tsëpaqnöpis Huascaran caqpita yacu juntacan orqun caq qochaman.''' 
spa: Por coincidencia, el agua de Huascarán se junta en el Orqon Qocha (Laguna Macho). 
eng:

full trans: *Tsëpaqnöpis *Huascaran *caqpita #agua *juntacan *orqun #ser #laguna.
 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpaqnöpis/*Tsëpaqnöpis$ ^*Huascaran/*Huascaran$ ^*caqpita/*caqpita$ ^yaku<n><sg><nom>/agua<n><f><sg><nom>$ ^*juntacan/*juntacan$ ^*orqun/*orqun$ ^ka<v><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>/ser<vbser><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>$ ^qocha<n><sg><all>/laguna<n><f><sg><all>$.

'''7. Huandoy caqpitana chïnan caq qochaman.''' 
spa: El agua de Huandoy se junta en el Chinan Qocha (Laguna Hembra). 
eng:

full trans: *Huandoy *caqpitana *chïnan #ser #laguna.
 
biltrans: ^*Huandoy/*Huandoy$ ^*caqpitana/*caqpitana$ ^*chïnan/*chïnan$ ^ka<v><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>/ser<vbser><sg><pres><p1><1obj2>$ ^qocha<n><sg><all>/laguna<n><f><sg><all>$.

'''8. Waqunacurishqa eucurëcayaptinnash, soldaducuna riquëcuyänaq.''' 
spa: Cuando caminaban juntos, un soldado de uno de los padres los vio. 
eng:

full trans: *Waqunacurishqa *eucurëcayaptinnash, *soldaducuna *riquëcuyänaq
 
biltrans: ^*Waqunacurishqa/*Waqunacurishqa$ ^*eucurëcayaptinnash/*eucurëcayaptinnash$, ^*soldaducuna/*soldaducuna$ ^*riquëcuyänaq/*riquëcuyänaq$
poliwag[ling073-qwh-spa]$

'''9. ''' 

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''10. Tsëshi canancamayaq waqayan maläya suertillancunata.''' 
spa: Hasta ahora estos nevados lloran su triste suerte. 
eng: Even today the mountains cry about ? 

full trans: *Tsëshi *canancamayaq *waqayan *maläya *suertillancunata 
biltrans: ^*Tsëshi/*Tsëshi$ ^*canancamayaq/*canancamayaq$ ^*waqayan/*waqayan$ ^*maläya/*maläya$ ^*suertillancunata/*suertillancunata$

===Monolingual transducer===
04.06
MONOLINGUAL
Evaluation of qwh.sentences.txt: 
Coverage: 15.68% 
Top unknown words in the corpus: 
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
2 ticrarinaq 
1 Quë 
Translation time: 0.05229592323303223 seconds

===Bilingual transducer===
BILINGUAL: qwh-spa
Coverage: 6.49%
Top unknown words in the corpus:
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
3 qochaman 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 soldaducuna 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
Translation time: 0.05033445358276367 seconds

===translated sentences===

==External Resources==
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-qwh-spa translator for qwh and spa]
*transducer for Huaylas Quechua
*transducer for Spanish

[[Category:Sp23_TranslationPairs]][[Category:Huaylas_Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-06T20:58:03Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh -> spa evaluation */

==Background==

We decided to use Spanish instead of English for several reasons. First, Huaylas Quechua is spoken in the Ancash region of Peru; in addition to other Quechuan languages, the biggest language in the country is Spanish. Therefore any translation work for Huaylas Quechua makes the most sense to be either a Quechuan language or Spanish. Secondly, there were parallel texts already available in Quechua and Spanish, including a wealth of side-by-side translated stories. They made far more sense than using the Huaylas Bible, which, while bigger, was presumably translated from English into Huaylas Quechua, and while the Spanish Bible is easy enough to find, those two versions were not written with the other in mind. In short, we wanted to cut out ambiguity (could we be sure it was the exact same as the English Bible that Wycliffe used? Probably not) and also make a logical decision for the language.

==Resources for Huaylas Quechua and Spanish==

*[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Huaylas_Quechua wiki for Huaylas Quechua]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language wiki for Spanish]

==qwh -> spa evaluation==
'''1. Unë tiempush cayänaq ishquë jatusaq marcacuna''' 
spa: Hace mucho tiempo hubo dos imperios. 
eng: A long time ago, there were two empires. 

full trans: *Unë #tiempo #ser *ishquë *jatusaq *marcacuna 
biltrans: ^*Unë/*Unë$ ^tiempush<n><sg><nom>/tiempo<n><m><sg><nom>$ ^ka<v><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>/ser<vbser><pl><pres><p1><indirect_evid>$ ^*ishquë/*ishquë$ ^*jatusaq/*jatusaq$ ^*marcacuna/*marcacuna$

'''2. Tsë reycunapash cayäpunaq wamrancuna.''' 
spa: Esos reyes tenían sus hijos. 
eng: These kings had their children. 

full trans: *Tsë *reycunapash *cayäpunaq *wamrancuna 
biltrans: ^*Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*reycunapash/*reycunapash$ ^*cayäpunaq/*cayäpunaq$ ^*wamrancuna/*wamrancuna$

'''3. Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.''' 
spa: Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo. 
eng: Their bitter tears turned into ice. 

full trans: *Tsë *weqincunanash *ëwanqan *mas *rajuman *ticracurëcanaq 
biltrans: *Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*weqincunanash/*weqincunanash$ ^*ëwanqan/*ëwanqan$ ^*mas/*mas$ ^*rajuman/*rajuman$ ^*ticracurëcanaq/*ticracurëcanaq$

'''4. Tsëpitanash watëcuyänaq frenti frenti.''' 
spa: Los amarraron frente a frente. 
eng: They tied them up face-to-face. 

full trans: *Tsëpitanash *watëcuyänaq *frenti *frenti 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpitanash/*Tsëpitanash$ ^*watëcuyänaq/*watëcuyänaq$ ^*frenti/*frenti$ ^*frenti/*frenti$

'''5. Wandï caqshi ticrarinaq Huandoyman; y Wascar caqnash ticrarinaq Huascaranman.''' 
spa: Huandy se convirtió en el Nevado Huandoy: y Huáscar en el Nevado Huascarán. 
eng: 

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''6. Tsëpaqnöpis Huascaran caqpita yacu juntacan orqun caq qochaman.''' 
spa: Por coincidencia, el agua de Huascarán se junta en el Orqon Qocha (Laguna Macho). 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''7. Huandoy caqpitana chïnan caq qochaman.''' 
spa: El agua de Huandoy se junta en el Chinan Qocha (Laguna Hembra). 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''8. Waqunacurishqa eucurëcayaptinnash, soldaducuna riquëcuyänaq.''' 
spa: Cuando caminaban juntos, un soldado de uno de los padres los vio. 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''9. ''' 

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''10. Tsëshi canancamayaq waqayan maläya suertillancunata.''' 
spa: Hasta ahora estos nevados lloran su triste suerte. 
eng: Even today the mountains cry about ? 

full trans: 
biltrans:

===Monolingual transducer===
04.06
MONOLINGUAL
Evaluation of qwh.sentences.txt: 
Coverage: 15.68% 
Top unknown words in the corpus: 
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
2 ticrarinaq 
1 Quë 
Translation time: 0.05229592323303223 seconds

===Bilingual transducer===
BILINGUAL: qwh-spa
Coverage: 6.49%
Top unknown words in the corpus:
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
3 qochaman 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 soldaducuna 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
Translation time: 0.05033445358276367 seconds

===translated sentences===

==External Resources==
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-qwh-spa translator for qwh and spa]
*transducer for Huaylas Quechua
*transducer for Spanish

[[Category:Sp23_TranslationPairs]][[Category:Huaylas_Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-06T20:55:54Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh -> spa evaluation */

==Background==

We decided to use Spanish instead of English for several reasons. First, Huaylas Quechua is spoken in the Ancash region of Peru; in addition to other Quechuan languages, the biggest language in the country is Spanish. Therefore any translation work for Huaylas Quechua makes the most sense to be either a Quechuan language or Spanish. Secondly, there were parallel texts already available in Quechua and Spanish, including a wealth of side-by-side translated stories. They made far more sense than using the Huaylas Bible, which, while bigger, was presumably translated from English into Huaylas Quechua, and while the Spanish Bible is easy enough to find, those two versions were not written with the other in mind. In short, we wanted to cut out ambiguity (could we be sure it was the exact same as the English Bible that Wycliffe used? Probably not) and also make a logical decision for the language.

==Resources for Huaylas Quechua and Spanish==

*[https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Huaylas_Quechua wiki for Huaylas Quechua]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language wiki for Spanish]

==qwh -> spa evaluation==
'''1. Unë tiempush cayänaq ishquë jatusaq marcacuna''' 
spa: Hace mucho tiempo hubo dos imperios. 
eng: A long time ago, there were two empires. 

full trans: *Unë #tiempo *cayänaq *ishquë *jatusaq *marcacuna 
biltrans: ^*Unë/*Unë$ ^tiempush<n><sg><nom>/tiempo<n><m><sg><nom>$ ^*cayänaq/*cayänaq$ ^*ishquë/*ishquë$ ^*jatusaq/*jatusaq$ ^*marcacuna/*marcacuna$

'''2. Tsë reycunapash cayäpunaq wamrancuna.''' 
spa: Esos reyes tenían sus hijos. 
eng: These kings had their children. 

full trans: *Tsë *reycunapash *cayäpunaq *wamrancuna 
biltrans: ^*Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*reycunapash/*reycunapash$ ^*cayäpunaq/*cayäpunaq$ ^*wamrancuna/*wamrancuna$

'''3. Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.''' 
spa: Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo. 
eng: Their bitter tears turned into ice. 

full trans: *Tsë *weqincunanash *ëwanqan *mas *rajuman *ticracurëcanaq 
biltrans: *Tsë/*Tsë$ ^*weqincunanash/*weqincunanash$ ^*ëwanqan/*ëwanqan$ ^*mas/*mas$ ^*rajuman/*rajuman$ ^*ticracurëcanaq/*ticracurëcanaq$

'''4. Tsëpitanash watëcuyänaq frenti frenti.''' 
spa: Los amarraron frente a frente. 
eng: They tied them up face-to-face. 

full trans: *Tsëpitanash *watëcuyänaq *frenti *frenti 
biltrans: ^*Tsëpitanash/*Tsëpitanash$ ^*watëcuyänaq/*watëcuyänaq$ ^*frenti/*frenti$ ^*frenti/*frenti$

'''5. Wandï caqshi ticrarinaq Huandoyman; y Wascar caqnash ticrarinaq Huascaranman.''' 
spa: Huandy se convirtió en el Nevado Huandoy: y Huáscar en el Nevado Huascarán. 
eng: 

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''6. Tsëpaqnöpis Huascaran caqpita yacu juntacan orqun caq qochaman.''' 
spa: Por coincidencia, el agua de Huascarán se junta en el Orqon Qocha (Laguna Macho). 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''7. Huandoy caqpitana chïnan caq qochaman.''' 
spa: El agua de Huandoy se junta en el Chinan Qocha (Laguna Hembra). 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''8. Waqunacurishqa eucurëcayaptinnash, soldaducuna riquëcuyänaq.''' 
spa: Cuando caminaban juntos, un soldado de uno de los padres los vio. 
eng:

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''9. ''' 

full trans: 
biltrans:

'''10. Tsëshi canancamayaq waqayan maläya suertillancunata.''' 
spa: Hasta ahora estos nevados lloran su triste suerte. 
eng: Even today the mountains cry about ? 

full trans: 
biltrans:

===Monolingual transducer===
04.06
MONOLINGUAL
Evaluation of qwh.sentences.txt: 
Coverage: 15.68% 
Top unknown words in the corpus: 
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
2 ticrarinaq 
1 Quë 
Translation time: 0.05229592323303223 seconds

===Bilingual transducer===
BILINGUAL: qwh-spa
Coverage: 6.49%
Top unknown words in the corpus:
5 alläpa 
4 y 
4 Tsë 
3 imëpis 
3 papanincuna 
3 Tsëshi 
3 qochaman 
2 Huascaran 
2 raju 
2 Huandoy 
2 ishquë 
2 manash 
2 jutiyoq 
2 wëta 
2 soldaducuna 
2 Tsënash 
2 tsë 
2 frenti 
2 maläya 
2 rajuman 
Translation time: 0.05033445358276367 seconds

===translated sentences===

==External Resources==
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp23/ling073-qwh-spa translator for qwh and spa]
*transducer for Huaylas Quechua
*transducer for Spanish

[[Category:Sp23_TranslationPairs]][[Category:Huaylas_Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-06T20:45:31Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh -> spa evaluation */

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-06T20:18:36Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indireact_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} uushan{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}} suwa{{tag|n}} noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} chiki{{tag|n}} wawa{{tag|n}} kuya{{tag|n}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-06T20:16:53Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indireact_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odia porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|qam{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|acc}} chiki{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} uushan{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}} suwa{{tag|n}} noqa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} chiki{{tag|n}} wawa{{tag|n}} kuya{{tag|n}}|a{{tag|pr}} ti{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} te{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} robar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} oveja{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} ,{{tag|cm}} a{{tag|pr}} mío{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} me{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} odiar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} porque{{tag|cnjadv}} querer{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} hijo{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-06T19:38:27Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shI */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indireact_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odio porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-05-06T19:38:01Z

Sgutier2: /* Auxiliary "Ser" */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

{{comment|clean this up, including the morphtest with issues - JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|indireact_evid}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160
{{comment|And what does this translate to Spanish as? Also, finish making these into morphTests. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odio porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

{{comment|Either add another example or get rid of the below. -JNW}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-05-06T17:48:08Z

Sgutier2:

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-27T14:30:03Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shI */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|sg}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}yaa{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pl}}naq{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odio porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Structural transfer

2023-04-27T14:20:13Z

Sgutier2:

==Preevaluation==
===WER===

dkfdkf

===PER===

dfkjdkfkdf

===coverage tests===

==Evaluation==

===WER===

dkfdkf

===PER===

dfkjdkfkdf

===coverage tests===

[[Category:Sp23_StructuralTransfer]][[Category:Huaylas Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-04-27T14:18:12Z

Sgutier2: /* Evaluation */

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish

2023-04-27T14:11:09Z

Sgutier2:

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Lexical selection

2023-04-27T14:06:09Z

Sgutier2:

rahhhhhhh

==qwh -> spa ==

[[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Sp23_LexicalSelection]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Lexical selection

2023-04-27T14:04:53Z

Sgutier2:

rahhhhhhh

==qwh -> spa ==

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Lexical selection

2023-04-27T14:04:11Z

Sgutier2: Created page with "rahhhhhhh"

rahhhhhhh

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T01:27:33Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|sg}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause. LOOK AT PH 160

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odio porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T01:27:10Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|sg}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Qamta chikishunki uushanta suwaptiki, noqata chikiman wawanta kuyaptii|A ti te odia porque has robado sus ovejas, a mi me odio porque quiero a su hija}} ("They hate you because you stole their sheep, they hate me because I love their daughter.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Anyarta pallaraykaptinshi, yana puma yuririn|Cuando estaba recogiendo pitahaya, aparacio un puma negro}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa{{tag|prn}} kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}rachikurinaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pret}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}}ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}rajuman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|all}}ticracurëcanaq{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|sus{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T01:12:10Z

Sgutier2: /* Auxiliary "Ser" */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|sg}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyayaanaq kanki|Ustedes habían oído}} ("You all have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|usted{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} haber{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag| rachikurinaq

|Tsayshi{{tag|adv}}bruja{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsë{{tag|det}}weqincunanash{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|sh}} ëwanqan{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} mas{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T01:05:16Z

Sgutier2: /* Auxiliary "Ser" */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Wiyash kanki|Has oído}} ("You have heard.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|wiya{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p2}} ka{{tag|v}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p2}}|sg}}|haber{{tag|vhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} oír{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi{{tag|det}}{{tag|evid}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag| rachikurinaq

|Tsayshi{{tag|adv}}bruja{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

|Entonces{{tag|adv}}mientras{{tag|adv}}la/el{{tag|det}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}bruja{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}ir{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}el{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}cordel{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}}romper{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsë weqincunanash ëwanqan mas rajuman ticracurëcanaq.|Sus amargas lágrimas se convirtieron en hielo.}} ("Their bitter tears turned into ice.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T00:12:02Z

Sgutier2:

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-21T00:06:17Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shI */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna musyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|peru{{tag|conj}} papa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3pl}}{{tag|pl}} musya{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|pero{{tag|cnjcoo}} suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} se{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sp}} enterar{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Structural transfer

2023-04-20T15:16:49Z

Sgutier2:

wahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

[[Category:Sp23_StructuralTransfer]][[Category:Huaylas Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/Structural transfer

2023-04-20T15:16:00Z

Sgutier2: Created page with "wahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Category:Structural transferCategory:Huaylas QuechuaCategory:Spanish"

wahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

[[Category:Structural transfer]][[Category:Huaylas Quechua]][[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-20T14:38:34Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |el{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p1}} rey{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} este{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperio{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|suyo{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padre{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-20T14:35:55Z

Sgutier2: /* qwh-spa tests */ wahhhh

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |los{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|p1}} reyes{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} estos{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperios{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|papanincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}}|sus{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} padres{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-20T14:33:15Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession */ fisr test

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |los{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|p1}} reyes{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} de{{tag|pr}} estos{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} imperios{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-20T14:29:17Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession */ qwh

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|marcacunapa{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|gen}} reyinincuna{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|nom}} |yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-20T14:27:24Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information (like English, this information would be conveyed by words such as "said" or "according to"), so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:47:36Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Tsayshi bruja aywarakaptinqa, kordelqa rachikurinaq.|Entonces mientras la bruja se iba, el cordel se rompió.}} ("Then while the witch was leaving, the cord snapped.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:37:58Z

Sgutier2: /* Word Order */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Word order in Huaylas Quechua is different than that of Spanish. Spanish is a SVO language, while Huaylas Quechua is a SOV language.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:31:15Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence. All of these markers attach to the verb of the clause.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:30:08Z

Sgutier2: /* Subordinate Clauses */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
There are three possible subordinate clause markers in Huaylas Quechua: -''pti'', -''r'', and -''shpa''.
The first two are most commonly used in the Ancash region, with the last one only being used in two specific locations. There is a distinction between the contexts of where you'd use -''pti'' and -''r''. One would use -''pti'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''doesn’t'' match the subject of the principal sentence. Conversely, one would use -''r'' when the subject of the subordinate clause ''does'' match that of the principal sentence.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:21:47Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession and Reflexivity */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Marcacunapa reynincuna|Los reyes de estos imperios}} ("The kings from these empires.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Papanincuna|Sus padres}} ("Their parents")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:20:01Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession and Reflexivity */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Huaylas Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:19:48Z

Sgutier2: /* Possession and Reflexivity */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
There are two major differences in indicating possession in Spanish and Quechua. Firstly, pronoun use: Spanish indicates it with a possessive pronoun in front of the word, while Huaylas Quechua uses a possessive pronoun as a suffix attached to the word stem (that complies with other rules). Secondly, if Spanish does not use a pronoun and instead wishes to write out both nouns, “de” is used, with the object being possessed coming first. Meanwhile, Quechua writes it in the order of possessor noun followed by possessed noun (e.g. modifier, then modified).

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:19:15Z

Sgutier2:

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:17:57Z

Sgutier2: /* Auxiliary "Ser" */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:17:26Z

Sgutier2:

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramática Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:16:47Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shI */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience" <ref name="parkerGrammar"> Parker, Gary John. ''Gramatica Quechua (Ancash-Huailas)'' / Gary J. Parker Ministerio de Educacion Lima, Peru 1976 </ref>. In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]

Huaylas Quechua and Spanish/ContrastiveGrammars

2023-04-14T15:15:43Z

Sgutier2: /* Evidentiality marker: -shi */

==qwh-spa tests==

===Possession and Reflexivity===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Musyayarqan|Se enteraron}} ("They found out.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Auxiliary "Ser"===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Subordinate Clauses===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Evidentiality marker: -''shI''===
Huaylas Quechua has a marker -''shI'' which translates to “said.” According to Parker, it is used "when the speaker gives information that does not come from their own experience". In Spanish, there are no inflection patterns to denote second-hand information, so this another notable difference between Huaylas Quechua and Spanish.

* {{transferTest|qwh|spa|Peru papanincuna masyayraanaqshi|Pero sus padres se enteraron}} ("But their parents found out")
*: {{transferMorphTest|qwh|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===Word Order===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

===The Elusive "Tsë===
Space to talk about things!

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

* {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}

[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars ]] [[Category:Huaylas Quechua]] [[Category:Spanish]]