LING073 - User contributions [en]

Purepecha and Spanish/Lexical selection

2021-05-08T15:10:41Z

Shuang4:

==tsz → spa==
* tsíri → maiz (corn), pulga (flea)
** If "tsíri" is preceded by the verb "wántikuni" (to kill), it picks "pulga" instead of "maiz."
** Our rule identifies "maiz" as the default.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Purépecha Sentence !! Spanish Translation
|-
|K’amárachistirini '''tsíri'''. || Acabe '''maiz'''.
|-
| Acháati wántikusti '''tsíri'''. || El hombre mató la '''pulga'''.
|}

*pimbinhasï → limpio (clean), santo (holy)
** If "pimbinhasï" is preceded by nouns such as "jurhiata" (sun) or "pirekua" (song), it picks "santo" instead of "limpio."
** Our rule identifies "limpio" as the default.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Purépecha Sentence !! Spanish Translation
|-
|Rósa kw’isti '''pimbinhasï''' kwártuni || Rosa durmió en el cuarto '''limpio'''.
|-
| Lúpi eshésti '''pimbinhasï''' jurhiatani. || Lupe vio el sol '''santo'''.
|-
| Xí piréskani '''pimbinhasï''' pirekuani. || Yo cante la canción '''santa'''.
|}

[[Category: Sp21_LexicalSelection]][[Category: Purépecha]][[Category: Spanish]]

Purepecha and Spanish/Lexical selection

2021-05-08T15:08:05Z

Shuang4: second lexical selection example

==tsz → spa==
* tsíri → maiz (corn), pulga (flea)
** If "tsíri" is preceded by the verb "wántikuni" (to kill), it picks "pulga" instead of "maiz."
** Our rule identifies "maiz" as the default.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Purépecha Sentence !! Spanish Translation
|-
|K’amárachistirini '''tsíri'''. || Acabe '''maiz'''.
|-
| Acháati wántikusti '''tsíri'''. || El hombre mató la '''pulga'''.
|}

*pimbinhasï → limpio (clean), santo (holy)
** If "pimbinhasï" is preceded by nouns such as "sapí" (sun) or "pirekuani" (song), it picks "santo" instead of "limpio."
** Our rule identifies "limpio" as the default.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Purépecha Sentence !! Spanish Translation
|-
|Rósa kw’isti '''pimbinhasï''' kwártuni || Rosa durmió en el cuarto '''limpio'''.
|-
| Lúpi eshésti '''pimbinhasï''' jurhiatani. || Lupe vio el sol '''santo'''.
|-
| Xí piréskani '''pimbinhasï''' pirekuani. || Yo cante la canción '''santa'''.
|}

[[Category: Sp21_LexicalSelection]][[Category: Purépecha]][[Category: Spanish]]

Purepecha and Spanish/Lexical selection

2021-05-06T19:25:49Z

Shuang4: first example

==tsz → spa==
* tsíri → maiz (corn), pulga (flea)
** If "tsíri" is preceded by the verb "to kill," it picks "pulga" instead of "maiz."
** Our rule identifies "maiz" as the default.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Purépecha Sentence !! Spanish Translation
|-
|K’amárachistirini '''tsíri'''. || Acabe '''maiz'''.
|-
| Acháati wántikusti '''tsíri'''. || El hombre mató la '''pulga'''.
|}

[[Category: Sp21_LexicalSelection]][[Category: Purépecha]][[Category: Spanish]]

Purepecha and Spanish/Contrastive grammar

2021-05-06T18:49:21Z

Shuang4: second example

==tsz-spa Tests==
=== Lack of prepositions ===
Sentences in Purepechan can either include prepositions or have a locative. Purepechan was originally an agglutinative language and we have seen a lot of Spanish influence; the implementation of prepositions could be from Spanish influence.

* {{transferTest|tsz|spa|Xí íntskuska itsîni maríkwani|Yo di agua a la niña}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|tsz|spa|xí{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} íntskuska{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p1}} itsîni{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obj}} maríkwani{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obj}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} dar{{tag|vblex}} agua{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}} a{{tag|pr}} la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} niña{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}}}

* {{transferTest|tsz|spa|Xwánu ikíasti xí xinkóni|Juan enojo conmigo}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|tsz|spa|Xwánu{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} ikíasti{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} xí{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} xinkóni{{tag|prep}}|Juan{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}} enojar{{tag|vblex}} conmigo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}}}}

=== Object and Locative Overlap ===
Location of the noun can be indicated by a locative suffix (-rhu) or a object suffix (-ni).

=== Spanish introduces tonals ===
Translating into Spanish introduces a tonal tag for words that are differentiated with a tone

=== Spanish introduces gender ===
Nouns in Purepechan do not have gender and they have one verb ending that refers to an ambiguous he/she/they.

=== Verb tenses are indicated by suffixes in tsz but they’re conjugated in Spanish ===
Purepechan is an agglutinative language so the verbs keep the same lemma, attaching suffixes to change the meaning of the verb (tense, mood, person). Spanish conjugates their verbs.

[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars ]][[Category:Purépecha]]

Purepecha and Spanish/Contrastive grammar

2021-05-06T18:42:39Z

Shuang4: one example

==tsz-spa Tests==
=== Lack of prepositions ===
Sentences in Purepechan can either include prepositions or have a locative. Purepechan was originally an agglutinative language and we have seen a lot of Spanish influence; the implementation of prepositions could be from Spanish influence.

* {{transferTest|tsz|spa|Xí íntskuska itsîni maríkwani|Yo di agua a la niña}}
*: {{transferMorphTest|tsz|spa|xí{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} íntskuska{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|p1}} itsîni{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obj}} maríkwani{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obj}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} dar{{tag|vblex}} agua{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}} a{{tag|pr}} la{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} niña{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}}}

=== Object and Locative Overlap ===
Location of the noun can be indicated by a locative suffix (-rhu) or a object suffix (-ni).

=== Spanish introduces tonals ===
Translating into Spanish introduces a tonal tag for words that are differentiated with a tone

=== Spanish introduces gender ===
Nouns in Purepechan do not have gender and they have one verb ending that refers to an ambiguous he/she/they.

=== Verb tenses are indicated by suffixes in tsz but they’re conjugated in Spanish ===
Purepechan is an agglutinative language so the verbs keep the same lemma, attaching suffixes to change the meaning of the verb (tense, mood, person). Spanish conjugates their verbs.

[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars ]][[Category:Purépecha]]

2021-04-08T19:02:45Z

Shuang4:

== Code ==

Github Repo[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-tsz]

== Tests ==

* As of now, our Transducer passes 110/197 tests generated from our Wikipedia page

== Lexical Info ==

*Lexicons: 10

*Lexicon entries: 80

*Patterns: 2

*Pattern entries: 5

Counts for individual lexicons:

*NounRoot: 3

*RegNounInfl: 2

*ObjectRoot: 19

*Object: 1

*Punctuation: 22

*V-Stem: 13

*AspectTime: 10

*ModeInterrogative: 9

*All anonymous lexicons: 1

== Coverage ==

* Current coverage: 14.9%, (16590/111120)

«by adding "{{morphTest|ka{{tag|det}}|and}}" "{{morphTest|Jose{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|Joseph}}" "{{morphTest|ma{{tag|num}}|one}}" "{{morphTest|Mariani{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|Maria}}" "{{morphTest|Babilonia{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|Babylon}}" "{{morphTest|jimbo{{tag|det}}|for}}" to the transducer, coverage went from 14.9% to 33.7%»

== Notes ==

* There are some more complex grammar forms that we aren't sure how to code yet.

* Originally, our corpus was primarily taken from tweets by a native Purepechan, but we were able to find a Bible in Purepechan that we added to our corpus.

[[Category:Purépecha]] [[Category:Sp21 Transducers]]

Purépecha/Transducer

2021-04-08T19:02:26Z

2021-02-27T02:19:41Z

Shuang4:

[[File:Purepechan key.png|x200px|center|alt=A keyboard layout for ''[[Purépecha]]''.]]
A keyboard layout for Purépecha (default)

[[File:Purepechan_alt.png|x200px|center|alt=A keyboard layout for ''[[Purépecha]]''.]]
A keyboard layout for Purépecha (option)

== Justification ==

The official Purépecha alphabet (P’URHEPECHA JIMBO KARARAKUECHA) is:

* a b ch chʼ d e g i ï j k kʼ m n nh o p pʼ r rh s t tʼ ts tsʼ u x [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language#Orthography]

Though we considered creating a unique and Purépechan specific keyboard layout, we decided this might not be favorable as several speakers of the language may also know Spanish and would need a keyboard to serve both languages. The Purépechan people know learned Spanish because the Mexican government encourage speakers of Indigenous languages to abandon their languages in favor of Spanish; this caused the status of the Purépechan language to become more endangered. It wasn't until 2003 the Congress of the Union of Mexico approved the General Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Peoples which protected the language as a "national language" [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_language].

We adapted a (Spain) Spanish keyboard as the base for our layout. This is because we wanted the keyboard to be useful for both Spanish and Purépecha speakers. For letters in the Purépechan alphabet that use two Latin letters such as "ch" and "nh," we decided that users would sequentially press the "c" key and then the "h" key. This does result in slightly slower typing, but it allows the keyboard to remain versatile to speakers of both languages. For other special letters (particularly the ones with the aspirated apostrophe (ʼ)), we made use of the "Option" key. The second picture above shows which keys are available to the user when they press "Option." The idea is that, for example, if the user presses option and then the letter c, they should get chʼ. This is a shortcut as the user would not have to press "h" to get the aspirated "ch': letter. In mapping these new keyboard outputs, we lost a few characters, such as ß, ˆ, and †. Most of these characters we deemed to be insignificant, except the carrot ^ symbol. In order to regain that symbol, we mapped to ALT + m. This, in turn, left the new keyboard without a µ character.

Lastly, we added the aspirated apostrophe (ʼ) to the keyboard for users who wish to aspirate their letters manually. This is done by holding the "Option" key and pressing the falling accent key (`).

The full (new) combinations are:

# OPTION + c = chʼ
# OPTION + i = ï
# OPTION + k = kʼ
# OPTION + p = pʼ
# OPTION + t = tʼ
# OPTION + s = tsʼ
# OPTION + ` = ʼ
# ALT + m = ^

== Existing Resources ==
Purepechan does not appear to have any keyboard already available. It is assumed that Purépechan speakers type on the Spanish keyboard using Latin letters as the Spanish created an alphabet for their language using latin phonetics. Nearly all sounds from Purépechan are supported (in different ways) by the Spanish language, but could be suboptimal for users.

== Installation ==

Installation instructions for MacOS:

* Download the keyboard from our [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-tsz-keyboard GitHub repository]. Either clone the entire repository or access the raw text of our [https://github.swarthmore.edu/raw/Ling073-sp21/ling073-tsz-keyboard/master/Purepechan.keylayout?token=AAABHAHRXTHM7CJ62L43M7LAIK2I6 GitHub Purépecha Keyboard] (make sure to change the file type from .txt to .keylayout if downloading raw text).
* Switch into the directory where you saved the file on Terminal and type the following command: <code>sudo cp Purepechan_Keyboard.keylayout /Library/Keyboard\ Layouts/</code>
* Restart your machine
* Navigate to: System Preferences > Keyboard > Input Sources > +
* Scroll down on the list of languages to where it says "Others"
* Click on "Purépecha"

== License ==

The [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-tsz-keyboard/tree/master Purépecha keyboard and GitHub] are under the MIT License.

[[Category:Keyboard_layouts]]