Magahi/Final Project

2021-05-19T14:24:57Z

Wball1: /* Initial Evaluation */

2021-04-29T18:22:17Z

Wball1:

Statistics about input files
-------------------------------------------------------
Number of words in reference: 52
Number of words in test: 42
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10
Percentage of unknown words: 23.81 %

Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)
-------------------------------------------------------
Edit distance: 52
Word error rate (WER): 100.00 %
Number of position-independent correct words: 2
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 96.15 %

[[Category:Magahi]][[Category:English]]

Magahi and English/Structural transfer

2021-04-29T18:21:51Z

Wball1:

Magahi and English/Structural transfer

2021-04-29T18:11:36Z

Wball1: Created page with "Category:MagahiCategori:English"

[[Category:Magahi]][[Categori:English]]

Magahi/Grammar Transliteration

2021-04-27T02:18:44Z

Wball1: /* Demonstratives */

This is a transliteration of the Magahi Grammar page, for our own convenience and for the transducer.

= Nouns =

== Plural Forms ==
* Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-an", and if the final vowel is long, shorten it:
** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōran}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailan}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|coran}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

* It can also be expressed by adding the word "sab" or "log" for human noun after the singular form:
** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phal sab}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājā log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|mālī log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

== Case ==
None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun.
* You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened.
** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|bailē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|corē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref>

* You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies.
** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|rājē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

* Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. When doing so, the noun must be in the oblique form. If it ends in a vowel, the oblique is the same as the nominative. If the noun ends in a consonant, then you can optionally add the "-e" suffix.
** {{morphTest|ghora{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|ghora}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|baile}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|cor}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

= Pronouns =
== Personal Pronouns ==
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|ham}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|hamāni}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}|hamārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|tu}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|tohāni}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|torā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|hi}}|unkārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|tohārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|hi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|prx}}|inkārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|hi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|prx}}|inkar}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Person !! Singular!! Sg.Genitive !! Sg. Oblique !! Plural
|-
! First
| ham|| hamār|| hamārā || hamāni
|-
! Second
| tu || tor || torā || tohāni
|-
! Second Honorific
| || tohār || tohārā ||
|-
! Third Proximate
| | i || ekar || ekārā || i (sab)
|-
! Third Proximate Honorific
| || inkar || inkārā ||
|-
! Third Non-Proximate
| | u || okar || okārā || u (sab)
|-
! Third Non-Proximate Honorific
| || unkar || unkārā ||
|}

= Demonstratives =
''The Indo-Aryan Languages'' gives the genitive forms as ekarā etc. while the ''Linguistic Survey of India'' gives them as ekrā etc., so we support both in our analysis.

* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|nom}}|i}}
* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}{{tag|gen}}|kekar}}
* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|obl}}|jekarā}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! !! Demonstrative !! Interrogative !! Relative !! Correlative
|-
! Nominative
|| i/u || kā/ke (human)|| je || se/te
|-
! Genitive
|| ekar/okar || kekar || jekar || sekar/tekar
|-
! Oblique
|| ek(a)rā/ok(a)rā || kek(a)rā || jek(a)rā || sek(a)rā/tek(a)rā
|-
! Attributive
|| i/u || ke/kaun || je/jaun || se
|-
! Adjectival
|| aisan/oisan || kaisan || jaisan || taisan
|-
! Quantitative
|| etanā/otanā || ketanā || jetanā || tetan
|-
! Manner adv.
|| aise/oise || kaise || jaise || taise
|-
! Place adv.
|| iHāṃ/uHāṃ || kaHāṃ || jaHāṃ || taHāṃ
|-
! Time adv.
|| ab || kab || jab || tab
|}

= Verbs =
Magahi verbs are very complex.

== Nominal Non-finite Forms ==
Magahi has several nominal non-finite forms that each have an oblique form like nouns. There are three kinds. Each of them usually are used along with the copula "ha", which carries the tense and modal information, whereas the non-finite form carries the aspect.

=== Neutral ===
The neutral form conveys a habitual aspect. To form neutral forms, simply add the suffix "-ā" or no suffix. To form the oblique form of the participle, simply treat the neutral form like a noun and put it in oblique form.
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}|dekhā}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhe}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}|sutā}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}{{tag|obl}}|sute}}

=== Imperfective ===
The imperfective form conveys a progressive aspect. It is formed with the suffix "-ait".
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}|dekhait}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhaite}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}|sutait}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|obl}}|sutaite}}

=== Perfective ===
The perfective form conveys a stative aspect. It is formed with the suffix "-al" for intransitive verbs and "lo" with intransitive verbs. Note, however, that the oblique form is not "-alo" like one would expect, but rather "-lā".
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}|dekhal}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhlā}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}|sutal}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|obl}}|sutlā}}

== Finite Verbs ==
The finite verbs are constructed out of a stem followed by tense/modal suffix followed by a personal ending.

=== Tense/Mood ===
The tense/mode endings are nothing for the injunctive mood (subjunctive/imperative), "-l" for the simple past ("-lk" for 3rd person transitive verbs), "-t" for the past subjunctive, "-b" for the future, and "-īh" for the future imperative.
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|s_p1}}|suni}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunli}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|pis}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunti}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunbi}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|imp}}|sunīhi}}

Aspect markers on participles combined with the various tense/mood suffixes on the auxiliary verbs make for a massive amount of possible combinations, such as habitual past subjunctive, or stative future imperative, etc.

=== Auxiliary ===
The auxiliary "ha" is a bit irregular, changing stem to "ho" for the modal suffixes, but uses the same personal endings. On its own, it can function as a copula. Unlike other verbs, the auxiliary has present, past, past subjunctive, injunctive (present subjunctive), and presumptive forms.
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hi}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hāli}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|pis}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hoti}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|prs}}{{tag|s_p1}}|holi}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|fts}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hobi}} (Actually presumptive mood, but Apertium doesn't have a tag for that)

It is also possible to use the present and past forms of the auxiliary with the past simple form of the main verb. Both verbs here are finite, so the auxiliary ends up without personal endings, but can still be either present or past. This is different from using the auxiliary with the participle, which has a stative meaning. So "tu sutla ho" (you have slept) is different from "tu sutla ha" (you slept) and "tu sutal ha" (you are asleep).

=== Personal Endings ===
Here our two main sources differ significantly on even the basic structure of the agreement. They both say that personal endings agree with the subject and object, but differ greatly on the details. Since it's a century old, we won't be following ''The Linguistic Survey of India'', but rather ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''.

Magahi verbs agree with the subject in person, not number. They also agree with the object in person as well as honorific status, having +honor and -honor endings for each of the persons. For whatever reason, ''The Indo-Aryan Languages'' is missing the first person object endings, so we can't give those.

It appears that the first person personal ending is "-i", the second person "-a", and the third person "-o". To indicate a neutral object, simply don't add an object ending. For a non-honorific third person ending, add "-ai", for honorific third person, add "-ain", for non-honorific second person, add "-au", and for honorific second person, add "-o". Apertium lacks tags for non-numbered subject/object persons, so we will use the tags "<s_p1>", "<s_p2>", "<s_p3>", "<o_p1>", "<o_p2>", and "<o_p3>" for the subject and object persons.
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunli}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}{{tag|o_p3}}{{tag|low}}|sunliai}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}{{tag|o_p3}}{{tag|hi}}|sunliain}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p3}}{{tag|o_p2}}{{tag|low}}|sunloau}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p2}}{{tag|o_p2}}{{tag|hi}}|sunlao}}

[[Category:Magahi]]

Magahi/Grammar Transliteration

2021-04-27T02:17:49Z

Wball1: /* Demonstratives */

This is a transliteration of the Magahi Grammar page, for our own convenience and for the transducer.

= Nouns =

== Plural Forms ==
* Plurality is expressed via the suffix "-an", and if the final vowel is long, shorten it:
** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|ghōran}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|bailan}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|coran}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

* It can also be expressed by adding the word "sab" or "log" for human noun after the singular form:
** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|phal sab}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|rājā log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|mālī log}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

== Case ==
None of these cases can be applied to the plural form of a noun.
* You can form the locative case by adding the suffix "-ē". If the noun ended in "ā", it gets removed and if it ended in "ī" or "ū", the vowel gets shortened.
** {{morphTest|ghorā{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|ghōrē}}<ref name="grierson">Linguistic Survey of India</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|bailē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|loc}}|corē}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan</ref>

* You can form the instrumental case by adding the suffix "-ē̃." The same process of removing or shortening vowels as in the locative applies.
** {{morphTest|phal{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|phalē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|rājā{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|rājē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|mālī{{tag|n}}{{tag|inst}}|māliē̃}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

* Other cases may be indicated using postpositions. When doing so, the noun must be in the oblique form. If it ends in a vowel, the oblique is the same as the nominative. If the noun ends in a consonant, then you can optionally add the "-e" suffix.
** {{morphTest|ghora{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|ghora}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|bail{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|baile}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>
** {{morphTest|cor{{tag|n}}{{tag|obl}}|cor}}<ref name="grierson">The Indo-Aryan Languages</ref>

= Pronouns =
== Personal Pronouns ==
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|ham}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|hamāni}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}|hamārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|tu}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|tohāni}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|torā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|hi}}|unkārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}|tohārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|hi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|obl}}{{tag|prx}}|inkārā}}
* {{morphTest|{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|hi}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}}{{tag|prx}}|inkar}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! Person !! Singular!! Sg.Genitive !! Sg. Oblique !! Plural
|-
! First
| ham|| hamār|| hamārā || hamāni
|-
! Second
| tu || tor || torā || tohāni
|-
! Second Honorific
| || tohār || tohārā ||
|-
! Third Proximate
| | i || ekar || ekārā || i (sab)
|-
! Third Proximate Honorific
| || inkar || inkārā ||
|-
! Third Non-Proximate
| | u || okar || okārā || u (sab)
|-
! Third Non-Proximate Honorific
| || unkar || unkārā ||
|}

= Demonstratives =
''The Indo-Aryan Languages'' gives the genitive forms as [eokjst]arā while the ''Linguistic Survey of India'' gives them as [eokjst]rā, so we support both in our analysis.

* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|nom}}|i}}
* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|itg}}{{tag|gen}}|kekar}}
* {{morphTest|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|obl}}|jekarā}}
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! !! Demonstrative !! Interrogative !! Relative !! Correlative
|-
! Nominative
|| i/u || kā/ke (human)|| je || se/te
|-
! Genitive
|| ekar/okar || kekar || jekar || sekar/tekar
|-
! Oblique
|| ek(a)rā/ok(a)rā || kek(a)rā || jek(a)rā || sek(a)rā/tek(a)rā
|-
! Attributive
|| i/u || ke/kaun || je/jaun || se
|-
! Adjectival
|| aisan/oisan || kaisan || jaisan || taisan
|-
! Quantitative
|| etanā/otanā || ketanā || jetanā || tetan
|-
! Manner adv.
|| aise/oise || kaise || jaise || taise
|-
! Place adv.
|| iHāṃ/uHāṃ || kaHāṃ || jaHāṃ || taHāṃ
|-
! Time adv.
|| ab || kab || jab || tab
|}

= Verbs =
Magahi verbs are very complex.

== Nominal Non-finite Forms ==
Magahi has several nominal non-finite forms that each have an oblique form like nouns. There are three kinds. Each of them usually are used along with the copula "ha", which carries the tense and modal information, whereas the non-finite form carries the aspect.

=== Neutral ===
The neutral form conveys a habitual aspect. To form neutral forms, simply add the suffix "-ā" or no suffix. To form the oblique form of the participle, simply treat the neutral form like a noun and put it in oblique form.
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}|dekhā}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhe}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}|sutā}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|hab}}{{tag|obl}}|sute}}

=== Imperfective ===
The imperfective form conveys a progressive aspect. It is formed with the suffix "-ait".
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}|dekhait}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhaite}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}|sutait}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|obl}}|sutaite}}

=== Perfective ===
The perfective form conveys a stative aspect. It is formed with the suffix "-al" for intransitive verbs and "lo" with intransitive verbs. Note, however, that the oblique form is not "-alo" like one would expect, but rather "-lā".
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}|dekhal}}
* {{morphTest|dekh{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|obl}}|dekhlā}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}|sutal}}
* {{morphTest|sut{{tag|v}}{{tag|perf}}{{tag|obl}}|sutlā}}

== Finite Verbs ==
The finite verbs are constructed out of a stem followed by tense/modal suffix followed by a personal ending.

=== Tense/Mood ===
The tense/mode endings are nothing for the injunctive mood (subjunctive/imperative), "-l" for the simple past ("-lk" for 3rd person transitive verbs), "-t" for the past subjunctive, "-b" for the future, and "-īh" for the future imperative.
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|s_p1}}|suni}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunli}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|pis}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunti}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunbi}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|imp}}|sunīhi}}

Aspect markers on participles combined with the various tense/mood suffixes on the auxiliary verbs make for a massive amount of possible combinations, such as habitual past subjunctive, or stative future imperative, etc.

=== Auxiliary ===
The auxiliary "ha" is a bit irregular, changing stem to "ho" for the modal suffixes, but uses the same personal endings. On its own, it can function as a copula. Unlike other verbs, the auxiliary has present, past, past subjunctive, injunctive (present subjunctive), and presumptive forms.
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hi}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hāli}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|pis}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hoti}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|prs}}{{tag|s_p1}}|holi}}
* {{morphTest|ha{{tag|v}}{{tag|fts}}{{tag|s_p1}}|hobi}} (Actually presumptive mood, but Apertium doesn't have a tag for that)

It is also possible to use the present and past forms of the auxiliary with the past simple form of the main verb. Both verbs here are finite, so the auxiliary ends up without personal endings, but can still be either present or past. This is different from using the auxiliary with the participle, which has a stative meaning. So "tu sutla ho" (you have slept) is different from "tu sutla ha" (you slept) and "tu sutal ha" (you are asleep).

=== Personal Endings ===
Here our two main sources differ significantly on even the basic structure of the agreement. They both say that personal endings agree with the subject and object, but differ greatly on the details. Since it's a century old, we won't be following ''The Linguistic Survey of India'', but rather ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''.

Magahi verbs agree with the subject in person, not number. They also agree with the object in person as well as honorific status, having +honor and -honor endings for each of the persons. For whatever reason, ''The Indo-Aryan Languages'' is missing the first person object endings, so we can't give those.

It appears that the first person personal ending is "-i", the second person "-a", and the third person "-o". To indicate a neutral object, simply don't add an object ending. For a non-honorific third person ending, add "-ai", for honorific third person, add "-ain", for non-honorific second person, add "-au", and for honorific second person, add "-o". Apertium lacks tags for non-numbered subject/object persons, so we will use the tags "<s_p1>", "<s_p2>", "<s_p3>", "<o_p1>", "<o_p2>", and "<o_p3>" for the subject and object persons.
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}|sunli}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}{{tag|o_p3}}{{tag|low}}|sunliai}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p1}}{{tag|o_p3}}{{tag|hi}}|sunliain}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p3}}{{tag|o_p2}}{{tag|low}}|sunloau}}
* {{morphTest|sun{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|s_p2}}{{tag|o_p2}}{{tag|hi}}|sunlao}}

[[Category:Magahi]]

Magahi/Grammar Transliteration

2021-04-27T02:14:16Z

Magahi and English/Contrastive Grammar

2021-04-22T18:24:13Z

Wball1:

^कोई/koī<adj>$ ^जङगल/jaṅgal<n>/jaṅgal<n><obl>$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^एगो/ego<adj>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^रह/raHa<v><pres>$ ^हलन/<aux><v><past><o_p3><low>$^./.<sent>$
^उनक/*उनक$ ^भीरी/bhīrī<adj>$ ^एगो/ego<adj>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^भुलाते/bhulāte<n>/bhulāte<v><pres>/bhulāte<n><obl>/bhulāte<n><obl>$ ^जा/jā<v><pres>$ ^पहुंचलन/*पहुंचलन$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^देख/dekh<v><pres>/dekh<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^पाओं/pāoṃ<n>/pāoṃ<n><obl>$ ^लाग/lāg<v><pres>/lāg<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^बैठ/baiṭh<v><pres>/baiṭh<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^गेलन/ge<v><past><o_p3><low>$^./.<sent>$
^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^उनका/*उनका$ ^पिआसल/piāsal<adj>$ ^जान/jān<v><pres>/jān<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^थोडाऐसन/*थोडाऐसन$ ^जङगल/jaṅgal<n>/jaṅgal<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^फर/phar<n>/phar<n><obl>$ ^खाए/khā<v><inf>/khā<v><hab><obl>$ ^ला/lā<post>$ ^देलथीन/de<v><past><o_p3><hi>/de<v><past><s_p2><o_p3><hi>$^,/,<cm>$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^पानी/pānī<n>/pānī<n><obl>/pānī<n><obl>$ ^पीला/pī<v><perf><obl>$ ^देलथीन/de<v><past><o_p3><hi>/de<v><past><s_p2><o_p3><hi>$^./.<sent>$
^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^खा/khā<v><pres>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^पानी/pānī<n>/pānī<n><obl>/pānī<n><obl>$ ^पी/pī<v><pres>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^बहुत/baHut<adv>$ ^खुस/khus<adj>$ ^भेलन/bhe<v><past><o_p3><low>$^,/,<cm>$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^ठनढा/ṭhanḍhā<adj>$ ^हवा/*हवा$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^थोडे/thoṛe<adj>$ ^बेर/ber<n>/ber<n><obl>$ ^बैठला/baiṭh<v><perf><obl>$ ^से/se<post>$ ^थकैनी/thakainī<n>/thakainī<n><obl>/thakainī<n><obl>$ ^निकल/*निकल$ ^गेलैन/ge<v><past><o_p3><hi>$^./.<sent>$
^तब/<prn><cor><time>/tab<adv>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^जी/jī<post>$ ^से/se<post>$ ^हाथ/Hāth<n>/Hāth<n><obl>$ ^जोर/jor<v><pres>/jor<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^पुछलन/puch<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^"/"<quot>$^महाराज/maHārāj<n>/maHārāj<n><obl>$^!/!<sent>$ ^हमरा/<prn><pers><p1><sg><obl>$ ^कुछ/kuch<det>$ ^सिखावन/*सिखावन$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^कहीं/kaH<v><pres><s_p1><o_p2><hi>$^,/,<cm>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^जेकरा/<prn><rel><obl>$ ^से/se<post>$ ^हमर/*हमर$ ^कलेआन/kaleān<n>/kaleān<n><obl>$ ^होय/*होय$^./.<sent>$^"/"<quot>$
^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^जी/jī<post>$ ^बोललन/bol<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^"/"<quot>$^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^चारो/cāro<adj>$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^इआद/iād<n>/iād<n><obl>$ ^रख/rakh<v><pres>/rakh<v><pres><s_p2>$^./.<sent>$
^पहिला/paHilā<n>/paHilā<n><obl>/paHilā<n><obl>$ ^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^नरायन/*नरायन$ ^सामी/sāmī<n>/sāmī<n><obl>/sāmī<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^नाम/nām<n>/nām<n><obl>$ ^हर/Har<n>/Har<det>/Har<n><obl>$ ^दम/dam<n>/dam<n><obl>$ ^जपना/*जपना$^./.<sent>$
^दूसर/dūsar<n>/dūsar<n><obl>$ ^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^सब/*सब$ ^जीउ/*जीउ$ ^पर/par<post>$ ^दया/*दया$ ^रखना/*रखना$^./.<sent>$
^तीसर/tīsar<n>/tīsar<n><obl>$ ^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^अन/*अन$ ^कर/*कर$ ^चूक/*चूक$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^छमा/*छमा$ ^करना/*करना$^./.<sent>$
^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^चाउठा/*चाउठा$ ^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^कभी/*कभी$ ^कोई/koī<adj>$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^घमण/*घमण$्^ड/*ड$ ^ना/*ना$ ^करन/*करन$^./.<sent>$
^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^चारो/cāro<adj>$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^जे/*जे$ ^केउ/*केउ$ ^साधन/*साधन$ ^कर/*कर$ ^है/<aux><v><pres><o_p3><low>$^,/,<cm>$ ^ओकरा/<prn><dem><obl><prx>$ ^पर/par<post>$ ^भगवान/*भगवान$ ^सदा/*सदा$ ^खुस/khus<adj>$ ^रह/raHa<v><pres>$ ^हथ/*हथ$^,/,<cm>$
^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^अंत/*अंत$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^ओकरा/<prn><dem><obl><prx>$ ^बैकुंठ/*बैकुंठ$ ^मिल/*मिल$ ^है/<aux><v><pres><o_p3><low>$^./.<sent>$
^एकरा/<prn><dem><obl>$ ^सेवाए/*सेवाए$ ^एक/*एक$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^लोग/*लोग$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^भी/bhī<adv>$ ^है/<aux><v><pres><o_p3><low>$^./.<sent>$
^ऊ/*ऊ$ ^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^है/<aux><v><pres><o_p3><low>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^नेआव/*नेआव$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^पक/*पक$्^का/*का$ ^रहे/*रहे$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^चाही/*चाही$^./.<sent>$
^कभी/*कभी$ ^केकरो/*केकरो$ ^खातिर/*खातिर$ ^से/se<post>$ ^केकरो/*केकरो$ ^बिगारे/*बिगारे$ ^या/*या$ ^बनावे/*बनावे$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^ना/*ना$ ^चाही/*चाही$^./.<sent>$^"/"<quot>$
^ई/<prn><pers><prx><p3><sg>$ ^सब/*सब$ ^बात/bāt<n>/bāt<n><obl>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^सुन/sun<v><pres>/sun<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^जी/jī<post>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^पंओ/*पंओ$ ^पर/par<post>$ ^गिर/*गिर$ ^पार/*पार$्^लन/*लन$^,/,<cm>$ ^आउ/āu<cnj>$ ^कहलन/kaH<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^"/"<quot>$^हमरा/<prn><pers><p1><sg><obl>$ ^तूं/<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ ^अपन/apan<adj>$ ^चेला/*चेला$ ^बना/*बना$ ^ला/lā<post>$^./.<sent>$^"/"<quot>$
^तब/<prn><cor><time>/tab<adv>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^जी/jī<post>$ ^कहलन/kaH<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^के/ke<post>$^,/,<cm>$ ^"/"<quot>$^जा/jā<v><pres>$ ^तूं/<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^नेआव/*नेआव$ ^से/se<post>$ ^राज/*राज$ ^कर/*कर$ ^गा/*गा$^./.<sent>$
^नेआव/*नेआव$ ^से/se<post>$ ^राज/*राज$ ^करना/*करना$^,/,<cm>$ ^जङगल/jaṅgal<n>/jaṅgal<n><obl>$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^बैठ/baiṭh<v><pres>/baiṭh<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^तपसेआ/tapaseā<n>/tapaseā<n><obl>/tapaseā<n><obl>$ ^करना/*करना$ ^से/se<post>$ ^भी/bhī<adv>$ ^बेस/*बेस$ ^है/<aux><v><pres><o_p3><low>$^./.<sent>$^"/"<quot>$
^एतना/<prn><dem><quant>/etnā<n>/etnā<n><obl>/etnā<n><obl>$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^सिपाही/sipāHī<n>/sipāHī<n><obl>/sipāHī<n><obl>$ ^पतुकि/*पतुकि$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^खोजते/khojate<v><pres>$ ^खोजते/khojate<v><pres>$ ^हुआं/*हुआं$ ^पहुंच/*पहुंच$ ^गेलैन/ge<v><past><o_p3><hi>$^./.<sent>$
^तब/<prn><cor><time>/tab<adv>$ ^साधू/sādhū<n>/sādhū<n><obl>/sādhū<n><obl>$ ^जी/jī<post>$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^परनाम/*परनाम$ ^अर/*अर$ ^के/ke<post>$ ^राजा/rājā<n>/rājā<n><obl>/rājā<n><obl>$ ^अपन/apan<adj>$ ^गंव/*गंव$ ^में/meṃ<post>$ ^घुर/ghur<v><pres>/ghur<v><pres><s_p2>$ ^ऐलन/*ऐलन$^../..<sent>$

^In/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^a/a<det><ind><sg>$ ^certain/certain<adj>$ ^forest/forest<adj>/forest<n><sg>/forest<vblex><inf>/forest<vblex><pres>/forest<vblex><imp>$ ^there/there<adv>$ ^dwelt/dwell<vblex><past>/dwell<vblex><pp>$ ^a/a<det><ind><sg>$ ^saint/saint<adj>/saint<n><sg>$^../..<sent>$

^One day/one day<adv>$ ^a/a<det><ind><sg>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$ ^lost/lost<adj>/lose<vblex><past>/lose<vblex><pp>$ ^his/his<adj><pos><pred>/his<det><pos><sp>/prpers<prn><pos><p3><m><sg>/prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg>$ ^way/way<n><sg>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^approached/approach<vblex><pp>/approach<vblex><past>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$^./.<sent>$ ^When/when<adv>/when<cnjsub>/when<cnjadv>/when<adv><itg>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$ ^saw/saw<n><sg>/saw<vblex><inf>/saw<vblex><pres>/saw<vblex><imp>/see<vblex><past>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^paid/pay<vblex><past>/pay<vblex><pp>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^reverence/reverence<n><sg>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^sat down/sit<vblex><past># down/sit<vblex><pp># down$^../..<sent>$

^The/the<det><def><sp>$ ^saint/saint<adj>/saint<n><sg>$ ^seeing/see<vblex><pprs>/see<vblex><subs>/see<vblex><ger>$ ^that/that<cnjsub>/that<det><dem><sg>/that<prn><dem><mf><sg>/that<prn><rel><an><mf><sp>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^was/be<vbser><past><p1><sg>/be<vbser><past><p3><sg>$ ^thirsty/thirsty<adj><sint>$ ^gave/give<vblex><past>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^some/some<adj>/some<adv>/some<det><qnt><sp>/some<prn><ind><mf><pl>$ ^wild/wild<adj><sint>$ ^fruit/fruit<n><sg>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^eat/eat<vblex><inf>/eat<vblex><pres>/eat<vblex><imp>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^some/some<adj>/some<adv>/some<det><qnt><sp>/some<prn><ind><mf><pl>$ ^water/water<n><sg>/water<vblex><inf>/water<vblex><pres>/water<vblex><imp>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^drink/drink<vblex><inf>/drink<vblex><pres>/drink<vblex><imp>/drink<n><sg>$^../..<sent>$

^When/when<adv>/when<cnjsub>/when<cnjadv>/when<adv><itg>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^ate/eat<vblex><past>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^fruit/fruit<n><sg>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^drank/drink<vblex><past>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^water/water<n><sg>/water<vblex><inf>/water<vblex><pres>/water<vblex><imp>$^,/,<cm>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$ ^became/become<vblex><past>$ ^glad/glad<adj><sint>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^heart/heart<n><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$^,/,<cm>$ ^after/after<adv>/after<cnjadv>/after<pr>$ ^sitting/sit<vblex><pprs>/sit<vblex><subs>/sit<vblex><ger>$ ^for/for<cnjadv>/for<pr>$ ^a/a<det><ind><sg>$ ^short/short<adv>/short<adj><sint>$ ^time/time<n><sg>/time<vblex><inf>/time<vblex><pres>/time<vblex><imp>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^cool/cool<adj><sint>/cool<vblex><inf>/cool<vblex><pres>/cool<vblex><imp>$ ^air/air<n><sg>/air<vblex><inf>/air<vblex><pres>/air<vblex><imp>$^,/,<cm>$ ^his/his<adj><pos><pred>/his<det><pos><sp>/prpers<prn><pos><p3><m><sg>/prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg>$ ^weariness/weariness<n><sg>$ ^left/left<adj>/left<adv>/left<n><sg>/leave<vblex><past>/leave<vblex><pp>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$^../..<sent>$

^Then/then<adv>/then<cnjadv>$ ^reverently/*reverently$ ^clasping/*clasping$ ^his/his<adj><pos><pred>/his<det><pos><sp>/prpers<prn><pos><p3><m><sg>/prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg>$ ^hands/hand<n><pl>/hand<vblex><pres><p3><sg>$ ^before/before<adv>/before<cnjadv>/before<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^holy/holy<n><sg>/holy<adj><sint>$ ^man/man<n><sg>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^said/say<vblex><past>/say<vblex><pp>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ "^Reverend/reverend<adj>/reverend<n><sg>$ ^Sir/sir<n><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^deign/*deign$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^tell/tell<vblex><inf>/tell<vblex><pres>/tell<vblex><imp>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^some/some<adj>/some<adv>/some<det><qnt><sp>/some<prn><ind><mf><pl>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^advice/advice<n><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^by/by<adv>/by<pr>$ ^which/which<det><itg><sp>/which<prn><itg><mf><sp>/which<prn><rel><an><mf><sp>$ ^my/my<det><pos><sp>/prpers<det><pos><p1><mf><sg>$ ^welfare/welfare<n><sg>$ ^may/may<vbmod><inf>/may<vbmod><pres>$ ^be/be<vbser><inf>/be<vbser><imp>$ ^assured/assured<adj>/assure<vblex><past>/assure<vblex><pp>$^./.<sent>$"^./.<sent>$

^The/the<det><def><sp>$ ^saint/saint<adj>/saint<n><sg>$ ^replied/reply<vblex><pp>/reply<vblex><past>$^,/,<cm>$ "^Keep/keep<n><sg>/keep<vblex><inf>/keep<vblex><pres>/keep<vblex><imp>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^thy/thy<det><pos><sp>$ ^remembrance/remembrance<n><sg>$ ^these/this<det><dem><pl>/this<prn><dem><mf><pl>$ ^four/four<num><pl>$ ^things/thing<n><pl>$^:./:.<sent>$

^First/first<adv>/first<adj><ord>$^,/,<cm>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^every/every<adv>/every<det><ind><sg>$ ^keep/keep<n><sg>/keep<vblex><inf>/keep<vblex><pres>/keep<vblex><imp>$ ^repeating/repeat<vblex><pprs>/repeat<vblex><subs>/repeat<vblex><ger>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^name/name<n><sg>/name<vblex><inf>/name<vblex><pres>/name<vblex><imp>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^God/god<n><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$^;./;.<sent>$

^Second/second<adv>/second<n><sg>/second<adj><ord>/second<vblex><inf>/second<vblex><pres>/second<vblex><imp>$^,/,<cm>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^show/show<n><sg>/show<vblex><inf>/show<vblex><pres>/show<vblex><imp>$ ^compassion/compassion<n><sg>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^all/all<adv>/all<predet><sp>/all<det><qnt><pl>/all<prn><qnt><mf><sp>$ ^living/living<adj>/living<n><sg>/live<vblex><pprs>/live<vblex><subs>/live<vblex><ger>$ ^creatures/creature<n><pl>$^;./;.<sent>$

^Third/third<n><sg>/third<adj><ord>$^,/,<cm>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^be/be<vbser><inf>/be<vbser><imp>$ ^tolerant/tolerant<adj>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^errors/error<n><pl>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^others/others<prn><ind><mf><pl>$^;./;.<sent>$

^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^Fourthly/fourthly<adv>$^,/,<cm>$ ^never/never<adv>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^be/be<vbser><inf>/be<vbser><imp>$ ^vain/vain<adj>$^-/-<guio>$^glorious/glorious<adj>$ ^for/for<cnjadv>/for<pr>$ ^any/any<adv>/any<det><ind><sp>/any<prn><qnt><mf><sp>$ ^cause/cause<n><sg>/cause<vblex><inf>/cause<vblex><pres>/cause<vblex><imp>$^../..<sent>$

^He/He<np><cog><sg>/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^who/who<prn><itg><mf><sp>/who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp>$ ^practiseth/*practiseth$ ^these/this<det><dem><pl>/this<prn><dem><mf><pl>$ ^four/four<num><pl>$ ^things/thing<n><pl>$^,/,<cm>$ ^with/with<pr>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^God/god<n><sg>/God<np><al><sg>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^well/well<adv>/well<n><sg>$^-/-<guio>$^pleased/pleased<adj>/please<vblex><past>/please<vblex><pp>$^,/,<cm>$^./.<sent>$

^and/and<cnjcoo>$^,/,<cm>$ ^in the end/in the end<adv>$^,/,<cm>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^findeth/*findeth$ ^eternal/eternal<adj>$ ^bliss/bliss<n><sg>$^../..<sent>$

^Besides/besides<adv>$ ^these/this<det><dem><pl>/this<prn><dem><mf><pl>$^,/,<cm>$ ^there/there<adv>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^one/one<num><sg>/one<prn><dem><mf><sg>$ ^thing/thing<n><sg>$ ^more/more<adv>/more<preadv>/more<n><sg>/more<det><qnt><sp>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^be/be<vbser><inf>/be<vbser><imp>$ ^observed/observe<vblex><past>/observe<vblex><pp>$ ^by/by<adv>/by<pr>$ ^kings/king<n><pl>$^,/,<cm>$^./.<sent>$

^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^it/prpers<prn><subj><p3><nt><sg>/prpers<prn><obj><p3><nt><sg>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^this/this<det><dem><sg>/this<prn><dem><mf><sg>/this<prn><rel><an><mf><sp>$^:/:<sent>$ ^Ever/ever<adv>/Ever<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^remain/remain<vblex><inf>/remain<vblex><pres>/remain<vblex><imp>$ ^firm/firm<n><sg>/firm<adj><sint>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^justice/justice<n><sg>$^,/,<cm>$^./.<sent>$

^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^never/never<adv>$ ^promote/promote<vblex><inf>/promote<vblex><pres>/promote<vblex><imp>$ ^or/or<cnjcoo>$ ^degrade/degrade<vblex><inf>/degrade<vblex><pres>/degrade<vblex><imp>$ ^anyone/anyone<prn><ind><mf><sg>$ ^out of/out of<pr>$ ^partiality/partiality<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$"^./.<sent>$

^When/when<adv>/when<cnjsub>/when<cnjadv>/when<adv><itg>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$ ^had/have<vbhaver><past>/have<vblex><past>$ ^made/made<adj>/make<vblex><past>/make<vblex><pp>$ ^an/a<det><ind><sg>$ ^end/end<n><sg>/end<vblex><inf>/end<vblex><pres>/end<vblex><imp>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^hearing/hearing<n><sg>/hear<vblex><pprs>/hear<vblex><subs>/hear<vblex><ger>$ ^these/this<det><dem><pl>/this<prn><dem><mf><pl>$ ^words/word<n><pl>$^,/,<cm>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^fell/fell<vblex><inf>/fell<vblex><pres>/fell<vblex><imp>/fall<vblex><past>$ ^at/at<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^feet/foot<n><pl>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^holy/holy<n><sg>/holy<adj><sint>$ ^man/man<n><sg>$ ^crying/crying<n><sg>/cry<vblex><pprs>/cry<vblex><subs>/cry<vblex><ger>$^,/,<cm>$ "^Take/take<vblex><inf>/take<vblex><pres>/take<vblex><imp>$ ^thou/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sg>$ ^me/prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^as/as<adv>/as<preadv>/as<cnjsub>/as<cnjadv>/as<pr>$ ^thy/thy<det><pos><sp>$ ^disciple/disciple<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$"^./.<sent>$

^But/but<cnjcoo>/but<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^saint/saint<adj>/saint<n><sg>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^answer/answer<n><sg>/answer<vblex><inf>/answer<vblex><pres>/answer<vblex><imp>$ ^said/say<vblex><past>/say<vblex><pp>$^,/,<cm>$ "^Go/go<vblex><inf>/go<vblex><pres>/go<vblex><imp>$ ^thou/prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^rule/rule<n><sg>/rule<vblex><inf>/rule<vblex><pres>/rule<vblex><imp>$ ^thy/thy<det><pos><sp>$ ^kingdom/kingdom<n><sg>$ ^justly/justly<adv>$^../..<sent>$

^To/to<pr>$ ^rule/rule<n><sg>/rule<vblex><inf>/rule<vblex><pres>/rule<vblex><imp>$ ^with/with<pr>$ ^justice/justice<n><sg>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^better/better<adv>/good<adj><sint><comp>$ ^than/than<cnjsub>$ ^sitting/sit<vblex><pprs>/sit<vblex><subs>/sit<vblex><ger>$ ^in/in<adv>/in<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^forest/forest<adj>/forest<n><sg>/forest<vblex><inf>/forest<vblex><pres>/forest<vblex><imp>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^practising/practise<vblex><pprs>/practise<vblex><subs>/practise<vblex><ger>$ ^austerities/austerity<n><pl>$^./.<sent>$"^./.<sent>$

^In the meantime/in the meantime<adv>$^,/,<cm>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^soldiers/soldier<n><pl>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^followers/follower<n><pl>$ ^of/of<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^who/who<prn><itg><mf><sp>/who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp>$ ^had/have<vbhaver><past>/have<vblex><past>$ ^been/be<vbser><pp>$ ^seeking/seek<vblex><pprs>/seek<vblex><subs>/seek<vblex><ger>$ ^him/prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$^,/,<cm>$ ^arrived/arrive<vblex><past>/arrive<vblex><pp>$^,/,<cm>$^./.<sent>$

^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^king/king<n><sg>$ ^bowed/bow<vblex><pp>/bow<vblex><past>$ ^down/down<adv>/down<n><sg>$ ^before/before<adv>/before<cnjadv>/before<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^saint/saint<adj>/saint<n><sg>$ ^and/and<cnjcoo>$ ^returned/return<vblex><pp>/return<vblex><past>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^his/his<adj><pos><pred>/his<det><pos><sp>/prpers<prn><pos><p3><m><sg>/prpers<det><pos><p3><m><sg>$ ^own/own<adj>/own<vblex><inf>/own<vblex><pres>/own<vblex><imp>$ ^village/village<n><sg>$^../..<sent>$

2021-04-12T01:18:40Z

Wball1:

* Coverage of monolingual transducer on <code>mag.sentences.txt</code>
** coverage: 229 / 305 (~0.75081967213114754098)
* Coverage of bilingual transducer on the same file
** There doesn't appear to be a <code>mag-eng.automorf.hfst</code> and for whatever reason <code>aq-covtest ../ling073-mag-eng-corpus/mag.sentences.txt ./mag-eng.automorf.bin</code> just gives an error, but dividing the number of translated words by the total number of words in <code>mag.sentences.txt</code> yields a coverage, with the punctuation removed, of 158 / 260, or 60.76923076923076%.
* Sentences
:* कोई जङगल में एगो साधू रह हलन.
:** In a certain forest there dwelt a saint.
:** ^koī<adj>/certain<adj>$ ^jaṅgal<n><obl>/forest<n><obl>$ ^meṃ<post>/in<pr>$ ^ego<adj>/one<adj>$ ^sādhū<n>/saint<n>$ ^raHa<v><pres>/live<v><pres>$ ^\*हलन/\*हलन$
:** certain #forest in #one #saint #live \*हलन

:* उनक भीरी एगो राजा भुलाते जा पहुंचलन आउ साधू के देख के पाओं लाग के बैठ गेलन.
:** One day a king lost his way and approached him. When the king saw him he paid him reverence and sat down.
:** ^\*उनक/\*उनक$ ^bhīrī<adj>/near<adj>$ ^ego<adj>/one<adj>$ ^rājā<n>/king<n>$ ^bhulāte<n>/way<n>$ ^jā<v><pres>/go<v><pres>$ ^\*पहुंचलन/\*पहुंचलन$ ^āu<cnj>/and<cnj>$ ^sādhū<n><obl>/saint<n><obl>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^dekh<v><pres>/see<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^pāoṃ<n>/feet<n>$ ^lāg<v><pres>/touch<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^baiṭh<v><pres>/sat<v><pres>$ ^ge<v><past><o_p3><low>/went<v><past><o_p3><low>$
:** \*उनक #near #one #king #way #go \*पहुंचलन #and #saint of #see of #feet #touch of #sat #went

:* साधू उनका पिआसल जान के थोडाऐसन जङगल के फर खाए ला देलथीन, आउ पानी पीला देलथीन.
:** The saint seeing that he was thirsty gave him some wild fruit to eat and some water to drink.
:** ^sādhū<n>/saint<n>$ ^\*उनका/\*उनका$ ^piāsal<adj>/thirsty<adj>$ ^jān<v><pres>/know<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*थोडाऐसन/\*थोडाऐसन$ ^jaṅgal<n><obl>/forest<n><obl>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^phar<n>/fruit<n>$ ^khā<v><inf>/eat<v><inf>$ ^\*ला/\*ला$ ^de<v><past><o_p3><hi>/give<v><past><o_p3><hi>$ ^āu<cnj>/and<cnj>$ ^pānī<n>/water<n>$ ^pī<v><perf><obl>/drink<v><perf><obl>$ ^de<v><past><o_p3><hi>/give<v><past><o_p3><hi>$
:** #saint \*उनका #thirsty #know of \*थोडाऐसन #forest of #fruit #eat \*ला #give #and #water #drink #give

:* राजा खा के आउ पानी पी के बहुत खुस भेलन, आउ ठनढा हवा में थोडे बेर बैठला से थकैनी निकल गेलैन.
:** When he ate the fruit and drank the water, the king became glad in heart, and, after sitting for a short time in the cool air, his weariness left him.
:** ^rājā<n>/king<n>$ ^khā<v><pres>/eat<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^āu<cnj>/and<cnj>$ ^pānī<n>/water<n>$ ^pī<v><pres>/drink<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^baHut<adv>/very$ ^khus<adj>/glad<adj>$ ^bhe<v><past><o_p3><low>/become<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^āu<cnj>/and<cnj>$ ^ṭhanḍhā<adj>/cool<adj>$ ^\*हवा/\*हवा$ ^meṃ<post>/in<pr>$ ^thoṛe<adj>/some<adj>$ ^ber<n>/time<n>$ ^baiṭh<v><perf><obl>/sat<v><perf><obl>$ ^se<post>/with<pr>$ ^thakainī<n>/weariness<n>$ ^\*निकल/\*निकल$ ^ge<v><past><o_p3><hi>/went<v><past><o_p3><hi>$
:** #king #eat of #and #water #drink of #very #glad #become #and #cool \*हवा in some #time #sat with #weariness \*निकल #went

:* तब राजा साधू जी से हाथ जोर के पुछलन के, "महाराज! हमरा कुछ सिखावन के बात कहीं, के जेकरा से हमर कलेआन होय."
:** Then reverently clasping his hands before the holy man he said to him, "Reverend Sir, deign to tell me some words of advice, by which my welfare may be assured."
:** ^tab<adv>/then<adv>$ ^rājā<n>/king<n>$ ^sādhū<n><obl>/saint<n><obl>$ ^jī<post>/the<pr>$ ^se<post>/with<pr>$ ^Hāth<n>/hand<n>$ ^jor<v><pres>/clasp<v><pres>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^puch<v><past><o_p3><low>/ask<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^maHārāj<n>/great-king<n>$ ^\*हमरा/\*हमरा$ ^kuch<det>/some<det>$ ^\*सिखावन/\*सिखावन$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^bāt<n>/thing<n>$ ^kaH<v><pres><s_p1><o_p2><hi>/say<v><pres><s_p1><o_p2><hi>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*जेकरा/\*जेकरा$ ^se<post>/with<pr>$ ^\*हमर/\*हमर$ ^kaleān<n>/welfare<n>$ ^\*होय/\*होय$
:** then #king #saint #the with #hand #clasp of #ask of #great-king \*हमरा #some \*सिखावन of #thing #say of \*जेकरा with \*हमर #welfare \*होय

:* साधू जी बोललन के, "ई चारो बात के इआद रख.
:** The saint replied, "Keep in thy remembrance these four things:
:** ^sādhū<n><obl>/saint<n><obl>$ ^jī<post>/the<pr>$ ^bol<v><past><o_p3><low>/speak<v><past><o_p3><low>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*ई/\*ई$ ^cāro<adj>/four<adj>$ ^bāt<n><obl>/thing<n><obl>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^iād<n>/memory<n>$ ^\*रख/\*रख$
:** #saint #the #speak of \*ई #four #thing of #memory \*रख

:* पहिला ई के, नरायन सामी के नाम हर दम जपना.
:** First, to every keep repeating the name of God;
:** ^paHilā<n>/first<n>$ ^\*ई/\*ई$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*नरायन/\*नरायन$ ^sāmī<n><obl>/lord<n><obl>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^nām<n>/name<n>$ ^Har<det>/every<det>$ ^dam<n>/moment<n>$ ^\*जपना/\*जपना$
:** #first \*ई of \*नरायन #lord of #name #every #moment \*जपना

:* दूसर ई के, सब जीउ पर दया रखना.
:** Second, to show compassion to all living creatures;
:** ^dūsar<n>/second<n>$ ^\*ई/\*ई$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*सब/\*सब$ ^\*जीउ/\*जीउ$ ^par<post>/on<pr>$ ^\*दया/\*दया$ ^\*रखना/\*रखना$
:** #second \*ई of \*सब \*जीउ on \*दया \*रखना

:* तीसर ई के, अन कर चूक के छमा करना.
:** Third, to be tolerant to the errors of others;
:** ^\*तीसर/\*तीसर$ ^\*ई/\*ई$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*अन/\*अन$ ^\*कर/\*कर$ ^\*चूक/\*चूक$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*छमा/\*छमा$ ^\*करना/\*करना$
:** \*तीसर \*ई of \*अन \*कर \*चूक of \*छमा \*करना

:* आउ चाउठा ई के, कभी कोई बात के घमण्ड ना करन.
:** and Fourthly, never to be vain-glorious for any cause.
:** ^āu<cnj>/and<cnj>$ ^\*चाउठा/\*चाउठा$ ^\*ई/\*ई$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*कभी/\*कभी$ ^koī<adj>/certain<adj>$ ^bāt<n><obl>/thing<n><obl>$ ^ke<post>/of<pr>$ ^\*घमण/\*घमण$्^\*ड/\*ड$ ^\*ना/\*ना$ ^\*करन/\*करन$
:** #and \*चाउठा \*ई of \*कभी certain #thing of \*घमण्\*ड \*ना \*करन