http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Wshi2
LING073 - User contributions [en]
2026-10-25T04:29:50Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.27.7
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26136
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:53:59Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Get it here: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
To use the autoglosser, enter the following:<br />
<br />
<code> echo "your sentence here" | python3 autoglosser.py --igtdef <igt file> --inputlang <ISO code> --glosslang <ISO code> --biltrans <bilingual transducer directory> </code><br />
<br />
The igt file should have 5 columns, which are, from left to right: lemma, part of speech, morphological tags, prefixes, and suffixes. The first three columns describe the context, and the last two columns describe how it should be glossed.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
lemma POS tags pref suff<br />
- n pl - -PL<br />
sheep n pl - [PL]<br />
- - perf - .PFV<br />
- - p3.sg 3SG- -<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The first line says that when we have a plural noun, it should be glossed with a “-PL” suffix. The second line is more specific, and says that if we have “sheep<n><pl>”, then it should be glossed with a “[PL]” instead. The autoglosser should prefer using the more specific glossing rules if they exist.<br />
The third line says that perfective words should be tagged with “.PFV”, the standard interlinear gloss abbreviation.<br />
Finally, the fourth line says that words tagged with both third person and singular should get a “3SG” prefix.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26135
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:53:45Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Get it here: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
To use the autoglosser, enter the following:<br />
<br />
<code> echo "your sentence here" | python3 autoglosser.py --igtdef <igt file> --inputlang <ISO code> --glosslang <ISO code> --biltrans <bilingual transducer directory> </code><br />
<br />
The igt file should have 5 columns, which are, from left to right: lemma, part of speech, morphological tags, prefixes, and suffixes. The first three columns describe the context, and the last two columns describe how it should be glossed.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
lemma POS tags pref suff<br />
- n pl - -PL<br />
sheep n pl - [PL]<br />
- - perf - .PFV<br />
- - p3.sg 3SG- -<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26134
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:53:02Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Get it here: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
To use the autoglosser, enter the following:<br />
<br />
<code> echo "your sentence here" | python3 autoglosser.py --igtdef <igt file> --inputlang <ISO code> --glosslang <ISO code> --biltrans <bilingual transducer directory> </code><br />
<br />
The igt file should have 5 columns, which are, from left to right: lemma, part of speech, morphological tags, prefixes, and suffixes. The first three columns describe the context, and the last two columns describe how it should be glossed.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<br />
<code> lemma POS tags pref suff<br />
- n pl - -PL<br />
sheep n pl - [PL]<br />
- - perf - .PFV<br />
- - p3.sg 3SG- - </code><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26133
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:52:27Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Get it here: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
To use the autoglosser, enter the following:<br />
<br />
<code> a </code><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26132
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:52:20Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Get it here: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
To use the autoglosser, enter the following:<br />
<br />
</code> </code><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26131
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:51:47Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator==<br />
<br />
<br />
Link: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26130
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T19:51:39Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Apertium based Automatic Interlinear Gloss Generator===<br />
<br />
<br />
Link: [https://github.com/Potato2357/autoglosser]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Wshi2/Final_project&diff=26129
User:Wshi2/Final project
2025-05-10T04:51:30Z
<p>Wshi2: Created page with "TODO Category:Sp25_FinalProjects"</p>
<hr />
<div>TODO<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp25_FinalProjects]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25951
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-05-01T16:29:58Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Shanghainese - → Mandarin Chinese zho Initial Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
Initial Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$ ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ 。 ^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 我 爱 你 。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间 在 哪里 ？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$ ^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$ ^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^勿<adv>/不<adv>$ ^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我 不 知道 。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$ ^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$ ^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他 #谁 啊 ？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$ ^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$ ^茶<n>/茶<n>$ ^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$ ^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$ ^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$ ^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你 要 喝 茶 #还是 喝 咖啡 啊 ？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$ ^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$ ^啦<part>/啦<qst>$ ^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你 要 走 啦 ？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没关系。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^勿要紧<ij>/没关系<ij>$ ^个<part>/的<pr>$！^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: #没关系 的 ！<br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我一只也勿要。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我一个也不要。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't want even one.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^一<num>/一<num>$ ^只<cls>/个<num>/只<num>$ ^也<adv>/也<adv>$ ^勿<adv>/不<adv>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我 一 个 也 不 要 。<br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^今朝<n>/今天<n>$ ^天<n>/天<n>$ ^好<adj>/好<adj>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 今天 天 好 。<br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^一<num>/一<num>$、^二<num>/二<num>$、^三<num>/三<num>$、^四<num>/四<num>$、^五<num>/五<num>$、^六<num>/六<num>$、^七<num>/七<num>$、^八<num>/八<num>$、^九<num>/九<num>$、^十<num>/十<num>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
<br />
===Polished RBMT System===<br />
<br />
==Additions==<br />
* 2 new lexical selection rules<br />
* 3 new disambiguation rules <br />
* 2 new transfer rules<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation==<br />
*Shanghainese Transducer<br />
**Precision: Coverage hfst is still broken<br />
**Recall: Coverage hfst is still broken<br />
**Number of words in Large Corpus: Coverage hfst is still broken<br />
**Number of stems in Transducer: Coverage hfst is still broken<br />
<br />
*<code>wuu</code> → <code>zho</code><br />
**WER: <br />
**PER:<br />
**Proportion of stems translated correctly in Longer Corpus:<br />
**Trimmed coverage over longer and large corpora:<br />
**The number of tokens in longer and large corpora<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese&diff=25777
Shanghainese
2025-04-22T15:35:02Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
===Input methods===<br />
<br />
*See details here: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese/Keyboard]<br />
<br />
*Get input methods here: [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-keyboard]<br />
<br />
===Transducer===<br />
<br />
*See details here: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese/Transducer]<br />
<br />
*Get transducer here: [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu]<br />
<br />
===Machine Translation===<br />
<br />
*See details here: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese]<br />
<br />
*Get machine translator here: [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho]<br />
<br />
==External Resources==<br />
<br />
===Computational Resources===<br />
<br />
*Machine Translator: [https://anythingtranslate.com/translators/shanghainese-translator/]<br />
<br />
===Online Dictionaries/Phrasebooks/Glossaries===<br />
<br />
*Wu Chinese Society online character dictionary: [https://wu-chinese.com/minidict/]<br />
<br />
*NGL Wugniu online character dictionary: [https://www.wugniu.com/]<br />
<br />
*shanghaidictionary.com: [https://shanghaidictionary.com/]<br />
<br />
*Somebody's google drive (Wu Chinese society folks maybe?): [https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/111ZwPJPW01l7eGcL9NemQGjIioMN8Zgu]<br />
<br />
===Print Dictionaries/Phrasebooks/Glossaries===<br />
<br />
*Xu, B., & Tang Z. (1991). ''Shanghai Dialect Dictionary (上海方言词汇)''. Shanghai Jiaoyu Chubanshe.<br />
<br />
*Li, R. (1997). ''Shanghai Dialect Dictionary (上海方言詞典)''. Jiangsu Jiaoyu Chubanshe.<br />
<br />
*Simmons, Richard VanNess. Shanghainese. New York, Hippocrene Books, 2011. [https://search.worldcat.org/title/667874127]<br />
<br />
===Input methods===<br />
<br />
*RIME Shanghainese (Wugniu): [https://github.com/NGLI/rime-wugniu_zaonhe]<br />
<br />
*RIME Shanghainese (Wu Chinese Society): [https://github.com/wugniu/rime-yahwe_zaonhe]<br />
<br />
*RIME's own GitHub (Wugniu): [https://github.com/rime/rime-wugniu]<br />
<br />
*Different romanisation schemes addon: [https://github.com/shinzoqchiuq/rime-shanghainese]<br />
<br />
===Grammatical Descriptions===<br />
<br />
*Chen, Y., & Gussenhoven, C. (2015). Shanghai Chinese. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45(3), 321-337. doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043<br />
<br />
*Zhu, Xiaonong. A Grammar of Shanghai Wu. München, LINCOM Europa, 2006. [https://search.worldcat.org/title/70821112] <br />
<br />
===Corpora===<br />
<br />
*Wu Wikipedia (CC BY-SA): [https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%9D%A2]<br />
<br />
*Tatoeba Sentences in Shanghainese (CC-BY 2.0 FR): [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/show_all_in/wuu/none/none/indifferent]<br />
<br />
*OLAC resources in and about the Wu Chinese language: [http://www.language-archives.org/language/wuu]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:sp25_ResourceDocumentation]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Structural_Transfer&diff=25764
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Structural Transfer
2025-04-17T16:49:07Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Pre-evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Pre-evaluation=<br />
<br />
==Statistics about input files==<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 17<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 109<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 38<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 34.86 %<br />
<br />
==Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)==<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 107<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 629.41 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 629.41 %<br />
<br />
'''The evaluator didn't work properly without manual tokenisation, as such, the WER is way too big. We didn't realise this until we had finished the evaluation.'''<br />
<br />
=Structural Transfer Rules=<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
=Post-evaluation=<br />
<br />
==Statistics about input files==<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 80<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 91<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 31<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 34.07 %<br />
<br />
==Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)==<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 57<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 71.25 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 33<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 72.50 %<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Structural_Transfer&diff=25763
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Structural Transfer
2025-04-17T16:47:56Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Pre-evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Pre-evaluation=<br />
<br />
==Statistics about input files==<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 17<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 109<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 38<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 34.86 %<br />
<br />
==Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)==<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 107<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 629.41 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 2<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 629.41 %<br />
<br />
*the *<br />
<br />
=Structural Transfer Rules=<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
=Post-evaluation=<br />
<br />
==Statistics about input files==<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 80<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 91<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 31<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 34.07 %<br />
<br />
==Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)==<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 57<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 71.25 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 33<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 72.50 %<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25 StructuralTransfer]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25717
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-17T15:32:06Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious whether the sentence is active or passive based on the object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25690
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:31:29Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Demonstrative Elision */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|adv}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious whether the sentence is active or passive based on the object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25687
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:27:24Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|qst}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|qst}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious whether the sentence is active or passive based on the object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25682
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:20:56Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious based on the object if the sentence is active or passive.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25681
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:20:48Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|<code>zho</code>|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious based on the object if the sentence is active or passive.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25680
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:20:30Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious based on the object if the sentence is active or passive.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|<code>wuu</code>|<code>zho</code>|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25677
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T16:19:23Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious based on the object if the sentence is active or passive.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25673
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:55:30Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese prefers to put the object before the verb in questions, while Mandarin prefers to keep the object after the verb.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
Demonstratives in Shanghainese may be dropped.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
Passive voice in Shanghainese may be indistinguishable from active voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Sometimes it's obvious based on the object if the sentence is active or passive.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
Generally, Shanghainese does not use a particle, unlike Mandarin, for passive voice.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25669
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:50:07Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
Shanghainese places the direct object before the indirect object while Mandarin Chinese places the indirect object before the direct object.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25667
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:48:25Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| [...] 红{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} [...] | [...] 有点儿{{tag|adv}} 红{{tag|adj}} [...] }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 兮兮{{tag|adv}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 头{{tag|n}} 还{{tag|adv}} 有点{{tag|adv}} 痒{{tag|adj}} 吧{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡吃过了。}} (active)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}} (passive)<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 鸡{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 鸡{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 苹果{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} | 苹果{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 过{{tag|part}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃掉了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 只{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 拔{{tag|part}} 吾{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 这{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 两{{tag|num}} 个{{tag|cls}} 桔子{{tag|n}} 被{{tag|part}} 我{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} 吃掉{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25664
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:39:20Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 落脱{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} | 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 把{{tag|part}} 那{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 本{{tag|cls}} 书{{tag|n}} 弄丟{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(active)|鸡吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(passive)|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25663
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:35:49Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 搿{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一眼{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} | 这{{tag|prn}} 只{{tag|cls}} 鸡{{tag|n}} 一点{{tag|adj}} 也{{tag|part}} 不{{tag|adv}} 好吃{{tag|adj}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 拿{{tag|part}} 伊{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}} | b }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(active)|鸡吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(passive)|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25662
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-15T15:23:37Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 饭{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 了{{tag|part}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} 饭{{tag|n}} 了{{tag|part}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| 侬{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 英文{{tag|n}} 讲{{tag|vblex}} 得{{tag|part}} 来{{tag|vaux}} 伐{{tag|part}} | 你{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} 会{{tag|vaux}} 说{{tag|vblex}} 英语{{tag|n}} 吗{{tag|part}} }}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(active)|鸡吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(passive)|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃了。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho| a | b }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25575
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T18:49:06Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬饭吃了伐？|你吃饭了吗？}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|侬英文讲得来伐？|你会说英语吗？}}<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|(搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。|这只鸡一点也不好吃。}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|其拿(伊)本书落脱了。|他把那本书弄丟了。}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？|今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|头还痒兮兮伐？|头还有点痒吧？}}<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(active)|鸡吃过了。}}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|鸡吃过了。(passive)|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|吾吃过了。|我吃过了。}}<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|苹果吃过了。|苹果被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。|这两个桔子被我吃了。}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|*鸡拔吃过了。|鸡被吃过了。}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25571
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:40:28Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吾拉{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 吃{{tag|vblex}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 我们{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}} 粥{{tag|n}} 吃{{tag|vblex}} }}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25567
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:37:41Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|num}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25565
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:37:13Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|m}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25560
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:36:05Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zho|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|wuu|zho|拔{{tag|vblex}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} 其{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|给{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} 一{{tag|num}} 把{{tag|cls}} 刀{{tag|n}} }}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|wuu|zhou|拔粥吾拉吃。|给我们粥吃。}}<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25555
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:33:24Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔一把刀其。<br />
* Mandarin: 给他一把刀。<br />
* {{transferTest|eng|wuu|拔一把刀其。|给他一把刀。}}<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔粥吾拉吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 给我们粥吃。<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25553
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:32:10Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔一把刀其。<br />
* Mandarin: 给他一把刀。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔粥吾拉吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 给我们粥吃。<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬英文讲得来伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 你会说英语吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25542
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T16:25:43Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct/Indirect Object Ordering===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔一把刀其。<br />
* Mandarin: 给他一把刀。<br />
<br />
===Verb Object Inversion===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 侬饭吃了伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 您吃饭了吗？<br />
<br />
===Demonstrative Elision===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: (搿)只鸡一眼也不好吃。<br />
* Mandarin: 这只鸡一点也不好吃。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 其拿(伊)本书落脱了.<br />
* Mandarin: 他把那本书弄丟了。<br />
<br />
===Adjective Intensity===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 今朝穿了搿件红兮兮个衬衫，我跑得出去伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 今天穿了这件有点儿红的衬衫，我能走出去吗？<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 头还痒兮兮伐？<br />
* Mandarin: 头还有点痒吧？<br />
<br />
===Passive Voice===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(active)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 鸡吃过了。(passive)<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 吾吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 我吃过了。<br />
* Shanghainese: 苹果吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 苹果被吃过了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 搿两只桔子拔吾吃脱了。<br />
* Mandarin: 这两个桔子被我吃了。<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: *鸡拔吃过了。<br />
* Mandarin: 鸡被吃过了。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=25518
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Contrastive Grammar
2025-04-10T15:35:53Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Differences between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese==<br />
<br />
===Direct vs indirect object ordering===<br />
<br />
* Shanghainese: 拔一把刀其。<br />
* Mandarin: 给他一把刀。<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25408
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Ambiguity Resolution
2025-04-03T16:34:26Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
*Number of Tokens in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
===Morphological ambiguity===<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
*analysis: ^今朝/今朝<n>$ ^天/天<n>$ ^好/好<adj>$ ^。/。<sent>$ ^./.<sent>$<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 今天天气好。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 天好蓝。<br />
*analysis: ^天/天<n>$ ^好/好<adv>$ ^蓝/蓝<adj>$ ^。/。<sent>$ ^./.<sent>$<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 天很蓝。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The sky is very blue.<br />
<br />
Translating from Shanghainese to Mandarin Chinese, 天 → 天气 when there is an adjective that comes after 天. For example, 好(good) or 不好(not good)<br />
<br />
<br />
===Lexical ambiguity===<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
*analysis: ^今朝/今朝<n>$ ^天/天<n>$ ^好/好<adj>$ ^。/。<sent>$ ^./.<sent>$<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 今天天气好。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 天好蓝。<br />
*analysis: ^天/天<n>$ ^好/好<adv>$ ^蓝/蓝<adj>$ ^。/。<sent>$ ^./.<sent>$<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 天很蓝。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The sky is very blue.<br />
<br />
Translating from Shanghainese to Mandarin Chinese, 天 → 天气 when there is an adjective that comes after 天. For example, 好(good) or 不好(not good)<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25406
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Ambiguity Resolution
2025-04-03T16:31:14Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
*Number of Tokens in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
===Morphological ambiguity===<br />
好 as an adverb vs 好 as an adjective<br />
<br />
===Lexical ambiguity===<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 今天天气好。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
**Translating from Shanghainese to Mandarin Chinese, 天 → 天气 when there is an adjective that comes after 天. For example, 好(good) or 不好(not good)<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese/Ambiguity_Resolution&diff=25405
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese/Ambiguity Resolution
2025-04-03T16:30:50Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Identified Ambiguity */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Initial Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
*Number of Tokens in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity:<br />
<br />
==Identified Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
===Morphological ambiguity===<br />
好 as an adverb vs 好 as an adjective<br />
<br />
===Lexical ambiguity===<br />
*<code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
*<code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
*<code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
**Translating from Shanghainese to Mandarin Chinese, 天 → 天气 when there is an adjective that comes after 天. For example, 好(good) or 不好(not good)<br />
<br />
==Final Evaluation of Ambiguity==<br />
<br />
*Total Number of Analyses in Corpus: <br />
<br />
*Ambiguity: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_AmbiguityResolution]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25329
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T19:22:21Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Shanghainese - → Mandarin Chinese zho Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$ ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ 。 ^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 我 爱 你 。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间 在 哪里 ？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$ ^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$ ^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^勿<adv>/不<adv>$ ^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我 不 知道 。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$ ^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$ ^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他 #谁 啊 ？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$ ^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$ ^茶<n>/茶<n>$ ^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$ ^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$ ^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$ ^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你 要 喝 茶 #还是 喝 咖啡 啊 ？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$ ^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$ ^啦<part>/啦<qst>$ ^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你 要 走 啦 ？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没关系。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^勿要紧<ij>/没关系<ij>$ ^个<part>/的<pr>$！^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: #没关系 的 ！<br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我一只也勿要。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我一个也不要。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't want even one.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$ ^一<num>/一<num>$ ^只<cls>/个<num>/只<num>$ ^也<adv>/也<adv>$ ^勿<adv>/不<adv>$ ^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我 一 个 也 不 要 。<br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^今朝<n>/今天<n>$ ^天<n>/天<n>$ ^好<adj>/好<adj>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 今天 天 好 。<br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^一<num>/一<num>$、^二<num>/二<num>$、^三<num>/三<num>$、^四<num>/四<num>$、^五<num>/五<num>$、^六<num>/六<num>$、^七<num>/七<num>$、^八<num>/八<num>$、^九<num>/九<num>$、^十<num>/十<num>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25328
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T16:36:39Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$^茶<n>/茶<n>$^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你要喝茶#还是喝咖啡啊？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$^啦<part>/啦<qst>$ ^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你要走啦？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没关系。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^勿要紧<ij>/没关系<ij>$^个<part>/的<pr>$！^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: #没关系的！<br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我一只也勿要。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我一个也不要。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't want even one.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^一<num>/一<num>$^只<cls>/个<num>/只<num>$^也<adv>/也<adv>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我一个也不要。<br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^今朝<n>/今天<n>$^天<n>/天<n>$^好<adj>/好<adj>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 今天天好。<br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^一<num>/一<num>$、^二<num>/二<num>$、^三<num>/三<num>$、^四<num>/四<num>$、^五<num>/五<num>$、^六<num>/六<num>$、^七<num>/七<num>$、^八<num>/八<num>$、^九<num>/九<num>$、^十<num>/十<num>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25324
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T16:26:47Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$^茶<n>/茶<n>$^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$^吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>/吃<vblex>$^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你要喝茶#还是喝咖啡啊？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vblex>$^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$^啦<part>/啦<qst>$ ^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你要走啦？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没关系。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^勿要紧<ij>/没关系<ij>$^个<part>/的<pr>$！^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: #没关系的！<br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25323
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T16:21:41Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vaux>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^茶<n>/茶<n>$^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你#要喝茶#还是喝咖啡啊？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vaux>$^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$^啦<part>/啦<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你#要走啦？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没关系。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25319
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T16:04:09Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vaux>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^茶<n>/茶<n>$^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你#要喝茶#还是喝咖啡啊？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vaux>$^走<vblex>/走<vblex>$^啦<part>/啦<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你#要走啦？<br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没事儿。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25313
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T15:56:29Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$^要<vaux>/要<vaux>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^茶<n>/茶<n>$^还是<cnjcoo>/还是<cnjcoo>$^吃<vblex>/吃<vblex>/喝<vblex>$^咖啡<n>/咖啡<n>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 你#要喝茶#还是喝咖啡啊？<br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没事儿。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25304
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T15:48:21Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^伊<prn><pers><p3><sg>/他<prn><pers><p3><sg><m>/她<prn><pers><p3><sg><f>/它<prn><pers><p3><sg><nt>$^啥人<prn><itg>/谁<prn>$^啊<part>/啊<qst>$？^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
** full translation output: 他#谁啊？<br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没事儿。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25299
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T15:38:32Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Shanghainese wuu → Mandarin Chinese zho Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>-</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没事儿。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25291
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T06:47:52Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Shanghainese wuu → Mandarin Chinese zho Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>wuu</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I love you.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^爱<vblex>/爱<vblex>$^侬<prn><pers><p2><sg>/你<prn><pers><p2><sg>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我爱你。<br />
<br />
* (2) <code>wuu</code>: 汏手间勒勒阿里耷？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Where is the restroom?<br />
** lexical transfer output: 洗手间在哪里？<br />
** full translation output: ^汏手间<n>/洗手间<n>$^勒勒<pr>/在<pr>$^阿里耷<adv>/哪里<adv>$？^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
<br />
* (3) <code>wuu</code>: 我勿晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我不知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I don't know.<br />
** lexical transfer output: ^我<prn><pers><p1><sg>/我<prn><pers><p1><sg>$^勿<adv>/不<adv>$^晓得<vblex>/知道<vblex>$。^.<sent>/.<sent><br />
** full translation output: 我不知道。<br />
<br />
* (4) <code>wuu</code>: 伊啥人啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 他是谁？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Who are they? (sing.)<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (5) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要吃茶还是吃咖啡啊？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Do you want to drink tea or coffee?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (6) <code>wuu</code>: 侬要走啦？<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 你要走了吗？<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Are you leaving?<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (7) <code>wuu</code>: 勿要紧个！<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 没事儿。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: Don't worry.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (8) <code>wuu</code>: 我倒勿大晓得。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我可不太知道。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: I'm not sure.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (9) <code>wuu</code>: 今朝天好。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 今天好天气。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: The weather's nice today.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
* (10) <code>wuu</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。<br />
** <code>eng</code>: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, right, nine, ten.<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25290
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T06:19:54Z
<p>Wshi2: /* Shanghainese wuu → Mandarin Chinese zho Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>wuu</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* (1) <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25289
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T06:19:44Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>wuu</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Sentences===<br />
* <code>wuu</code>: 我爱侬。<br />
** <code>zho</code>: 我爱你。<br />
** lexical transfer output: <br />
** full translation output: <br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25288
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T06:18:21Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese <code>wuu</code> → Mandarin Chinese <code>zho</code> Evaluation==<br />
===Coverage===<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2
http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Shanghainese_and_Mandarin_Chinese&diff=25287
Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese
2025-04-01T06:17:36Z
<p>Wshi2: </p>
<hr />
<div>===Resources for machine translation between Shanghainese and Mandarin Chinese===<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghainese Shanghainese]:<br />
** Link to resources developed for Shanghainese: [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Shanghainese]<br />
*Resources developed for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese Mandarin Chinese]:<br />
<br />
===External Resources===<br />
*Link to repository language pair:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese repository transducer:[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp25/ling073-wuu.git]<br />
*Link to Mandarin Chinese repository transducer:[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-zho.git]<br />
*Link to Shanghainese to Mandarin Tatoeba Text: [https://tatoeba.org/en/sentences/search?from=wuu&query=&to=cmn]<br />
<br />
==Shanghainese → Mandarin Chinese Evaluation==<br />
===Coverage===<br />
<br />
[[Category:Shanghainese]]<br />
[[Category:Sp25_TranslationPairs]]</div>
Wshi2