http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Pzhang2&feedformat=atomLING073 - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T08:43:10ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.27.7http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English&diff=18011Hokkien and English2022-06-02T02:30:07Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Resources Developed for Hokkien */</p>
<hr />
<div>=====10 Sentences=====<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.|He is no longer studying Russian.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: I<prn>/He<prn>$ ^*chit/*chit$-^*má/*má$ ^bô<adv>/not<adv>$ ^teh<v>/is<vblex>$ ^*tha/*tha$̍^*k/*k$ ^Gô-bûn<n>/Russian language<n>$--^*ah/*ah$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #He #is #not #Russian language<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.|I've already finished today's homework}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^Góa<prn>/I<prn>$ ^*kin/*kin$-^*á/*á$-^*jı/*jı$̍^*t/*t$ ^*ê/*ê$ ^kong-khò<n>/homework<n>$ ^í-keng<adv>/already<adv>$ ^ôan-sêng<v>/finish<vblex>$--^*ah/*ah$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #I #homework #already #finish.<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú-lâi-jú siu-beh khòa.|I would like to see that movie more and more.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^*Hit/*Hit$ ^*chhut/*chhut$ ^tiān-iá<n>/movie<n>$ ^góa<prn>/I<prn>$ ^*jú/*jú$-^*lâi/*lâi$-^*jú/*jú$ ^siu-beh<v>/want<vblex>$ ^*khòa/*khòa$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #movie #I #want<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa jú-lâi-jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.|I like your friend more and more.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^Góa<prn>/I<prn>$ ^*jú/*jú$-^*lâi/*lâi$-^*jú/*jú$ ^kah-ì<v>/like<vblex>$ ^lí<prn>/you<prn>$ ^*ê/*ê$ ^pêng-iú<n>/friend<n>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #I #like #you #friend<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.|I drink tea after dinner.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^Àm-tǹg<n>/dinner<n>$ ^*chia/*chia$̍^*h/*h$ ^liáu<adv>/after<adv>$^,<cm>/,<cm>$ ^góa<prn>/I<prn>$ ^*ū/*ū$ ^teh<v>/is<vblex>$ ^lim<v>/drink<vblex>$ ^*tê/*tê$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #dinner #after #I #is #drink <br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!|The baby is talking!}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^Âng-e-á<n>/baby<n>$ ^*ū/*ū$ ^teh<v>/is<vblex>$ ^kóng<v>/talk<vblex>$ ^ōe<det>/are<det>$^!<sent>/!<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #baby #is #talk #are<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.|Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^*Chúi/*Chúi$-^*chi/*chi$-^teng<n>/lights<n>$ ^àn<pr>/from<pr>$ ^chhù-téng<n>/ceiling<n>$ ^tiàu<v>/hang<vblex>$--^leh<det>/are<det>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #lights #from #ceiling #hang #are<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.|She is standing in front of the car.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^I<prn>/He<prn>$ ^*tī/*tī$ ^chhia<n>/car<n>$ ^thâu<pr>/in<pr>$-^chêng<n>/front<n>$ ^khiā<v>/stand<vblex>$-^leh<det>/are<det>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #He #car #in #front #stand #are <br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.|The students are holding their books.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^*Ha/*Ha$̍^*k/*k$-^*seng/*seng$ ^chheh<n>/books<n>$ ^*the/*the$̍^*h/*h$--^leh<det>/are<det>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #books #the #are<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Mn̂g lóng koai--leh.|All the doors are closed.}} <br />
* output of lexical transfer: ^*Mn/*Mn$̂^*g/*g$ ^lóng<adv>/all<adv>$ ^koai<v>/close<vblex>$--^leh<det>/are<det>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
* output of biltrans: #all #close #are <br />
<br />
===Evaluation===<br />
<br />
*Coverage on Monolingual Transducer : 697/4756 ~0.14655172413793103448 (14.7%)<br />
<br />
**TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:<br />
254 ^ê/*ê$<br />
85 ^kóng/*kóng$<br />
78 ^lâng/*lâng$<br />
71 ^kā/*kā$<br />
64 ^so͘/*so͘$<br />
64 ^Iâ/*Iâ$<br />
58 ^sī/*sī$<br />
54 ^ōe/*ōe$<br />
49 ^tio̍h/*tio̍h$<br />
49 ^in/*in$<br />
47 ^chi̍t/*chi̍t$<br />
44 ^lâi/*lâi$<br />
44 ^khì/*khì$<br />
42 ^tī/*tī$<br />
41 ^m̄/*m̄$<br />
40 ^chiū/*chiū$<br />
39 ^ū/*ū$<br />
36 ^sî/*sî$<br />
36 ^lín/*lín$<br />
35 ^góa/*góa$<br />
coverage: 697 / 4756 (~0.14655172413793103448)<br />
remaining unknown forms: 4059<br />
<br />
<br />
*Coverage on Bilingual Transducer : 428 / 2717 (~15.8%)<br />
**TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:<br />
156 ^ê/*ê$<br />
40 ^lâng/*lâng$<br />
40 ^kóng/*kóng$<br />
36 ^sī/*sī$<br />
36 ^ōe/*ōe$<br />
32 ^tio̍h/*tio̍h$<br />
29 ^kā/*kā$<br />
26 ^m̄/*m̄$<br />
25 ^ū/*ū$<br />
25 ^so͘/*so͘$<br />
25 ^in/*in$<br />
25 ^hō͘/*hō͘$<br />
25 ^Iâ/*Iâ$<br />
24 ^tī/*tī$<br />
24 ^khì/*khì$<br />
23 ^lâi/*lâi$<br />
22 ^tùi/*tùi$<br />
22 ^sî/*sî$<br />
22 ^chi̍t/*chi̍t$<br />
20 ^tè/*tè$<br />
coverage: 428 / 2717 (~0.15752668384247331616)<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp22_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Hokkien]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English&diff=18010Hokkien and English2022-06-01T22:42:30Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Resources for Machine Translation Between Hokkien and English */</p>
<hr />
<div>====Resources Developed for Hokkien====<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Hokkien transducer] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan-corpus Hokkien corpus] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
<br />
=====10 Sentences=====<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.|He is no longer studying Russian.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|I{{tag|prn}} chit-má{{tag|adv}} bô{{tag|prn}} teh {{tag|v}} tha̍k{{tag|v}} Gô-bûn{{tag|n}} ah{{tag|det}}| He{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} no{{tag|det}} longer{{tag|adv}} studying{{tag|v}} Russian{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.|I've already finished today's homework}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|n}} kin-á-jı̍t{{tag|adj}} ê{{tag|det}} kong-khò{{tag|n}} í-keng{{tag|adv}} ôan-sêng{{tag|v}} ah{{tag|det}}| I've{{tag|n}} already{{tag|adv}} finished{{tag|v}} today's{{tag|adj}} homework{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú-lâi-jú siu-beh khòa.|I would like to see that movie more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut{{tag|det}} tiān-iá{{tag|n}} góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} siu-beh{{tag|v}} khòa{{tag|v}}| I{{tag|prn}} would{{tag|v}} like{{tag|v}} to{{tag|pr}} see{{tag|v}} that{{tag|det}} movie{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa jú-lâi-jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.|I like your friend more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} kah-ì{{tag|v}} lí{{tag|prn}} ê{{tag|det}} pêng-iú{{tag|n}}| I{{tag|prn}} like{{tag|v}} your{{tag|prn}} friend{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.|I drink tea after dinner.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Àm-tǹg{{tag|n}} chia̍h liáu{{tag|adv}} góa{{tag|prn}} ū teh{{tag|det}} lim{{tag|v}} tê{{tag|n}} | I{{tag|prn}} drink{{tag|v}} tea{{tag|n}} after{{tag|adv}} dinner{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!|The baby is talking!}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Âng-e-á{{tag|n}} ū teh{{tag|det}} kóng{{tag|v}} ōe{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} baby{{tag|n}} is{{tag|v}} talking{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.|Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Chúi-chi-teng{{tag|n}} àn{{tag|v}} chhù-téng{{tag|n}} tiàu{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| Crystal{{tag|n}} lights{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} hanging{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} ceiling{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.|She is standing in front of the car.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| I{{tag|prn}} tī{{tag|v}} chhia{{tag|n}} thâu{{tag|pr}} chêng{{tag|n}} khiā{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}} | She{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} standing{{tag|v}} in{{tag|pr}} front{{tag|n}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} car{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.|The students are holding their books.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Ha̍k-seng{{tag|n}} chheh{{tag|n}} the̍h{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} students{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} holding{{tag|v}} their{{tag|prn}} books{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Mn̂g lóng koai--leh.|All the doors are closed.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Mn̂g{{tag|n}} lóng{{tag|adv}} koai{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| All{{tag|adv}} the{{tag|det}} doors{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} closed{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp22_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Hokkien]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English&diff=18009Hokkien and English2022-06-01T22:42:10Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Resources Developed for Hokkien */</p>
<hr />
<div>====Resources Developed for Hokkien====<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Hokkien transducer] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan-corpus Hokkien corpus] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
<br />
=====10 Sentences=====<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.|He is no longer studying Russian.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|I{{tag|prn}} chit-má{{tag|adv}} bô{{tag|prn}} teh {{tag|v}} tha̍k{{tag|v}} Gô-bûn{{tag|n}} ah{{tag|det}}| He{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} no{{tag|det}} longer{{tag|adv}} studying{{tag|v}} Russian{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.|I've already finished today's homework}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|n}} kin-á-jı̍t{{tag|adj}} ê{{tag|det}} kong-khò{{tag|n}} í-keng{{tag|adv}} ôan-sêng{{tag|v}} ah{{tag|det}}| I've{{tag|n}} already{{tag|adv}} finished{{tag|v}} today's{{tag|adj}} homework{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú-lâi-jú siu-beh khòa.|I would like to see that movie more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut{{tag|det}} tiān-iá{{tag|n}} góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} siu-beh{{tag|v}} khòa{{tag|v}}| I{{tag|prn}} would{{tag|v}} like{{tag|v}} to{{tag|pr}} see{{tag|v}} that{{tag|det}} movie{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa jú-lâi-jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.|I like your friend more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} kah-ì{{tag|v}} lí{{tag|prn}} ê{{tag|det}} pêng-iú{{tag|n}}| I{{tag|prn}} like{{tag|v}} your{{tag|prn}} friend{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.|I drink tea after dinner.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Àm-tǹg{{tag|n}} chia̍h liáu{{tag|adv}} góa{{tag|prn}} ū teh{{tag|det}} lim{{tag|v}} tê{{tag|n}} | I{{tag|prn}} drink{{tag|v}} tea{{tag|n}} after{{tag|adv}} dinner{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!|The baby is talking!}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Âng-e-á{{tag|n}} ū teh{{tag|det}} kóng{{tag|v}} ōe{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} baby{{tag|n}} is{{tag|v}} talking{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.|Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Chúi-chi-teng{{tag|n}} àn{{tag|v}} chhù-téng{{tag|n}} tiàu{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| Crystal{{tag|n}} lights{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} hanging{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} ceiling{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.|She is standing in front of the car.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| I{{tag|prn}} tī{{tag|v}} chhia{{tag|n}} thâu{{tag|pr}} chêng{{tag|n}} khiā{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}} | She{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} standing{{tag|v}} in{{tag|pr}} front{{tag|n}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} car{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.|The students are holding their books.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Ha̍k-seng{{tag|n}} chheh{{tag|n}} the̍h{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} students{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} holding{{tag|v}} their{{tag|prn}} books{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Mn̂g lóng koai--leh.|All the doors are closed.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Mn̂g{{tag|n}} lóng{{tag|adv}} koai{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| All{{tag|adv}} the{{tag|det}} doors{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} closed{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
====Resources for Machine Translation Between Hokkien and English====<br />
*<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp22_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Hokkien]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Disambiguation&diff=18008Hokkien/Disambiguation2022-06-01T21:38:18Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Two Sentences for Two Possible Readings of Any Ambiguous Term */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==Two Sentences for ài (love)==<br />
<br />
^Khiok-sī<cnjcoo>$ ^gún<prn>$ ^iû-ôan<adv>$ ài<v>$ lí<prn>$^./.<sent>$ (Nevertheless, we still love you.)<br />
<br />
^I<prn>$ ^beh-tih<v>$ ^ài<n>$^./.<sent>$ (He wants love.)<br />
<br />
<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan<br />
[[category:sp22_Disambiguation]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Disambiguation&diff=18007Hokkien/Disambiguation2022-06-01T21:37:03Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with " ==Two Sentences for Two Possible Readings of Any Ambiguous Term== ^Khiok-sī<cnjcoo>$ ^gún<prn>$ ^iû-ôan<adv>$ ài<v>$ lí<prn>$^./.<sent>$ (Nevertheless, we still love..."</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==Two Sentences for Two Possible Readings of Any Ambiguous Term==<br />
<br />
^Khiok-sī<cnjcoo>$ ^gún<prn>$ ^iû-ôan<adv>$ ài<v>$ lí<prn>$^./.<sent>$ (Nevertheless, we still love you.)<br />
^I<prn>$ ^beh-tih<v>$ ^ài<n>$^./.<sent>$ (He wants love.)<br />
<br />
<br />
https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan<br />
[[category:sp22_Disambiguation]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Transducer&diff=18006Hokkien/Transducer2022-06-01T19:46:08Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[category: Sp22_Transducers]] [[category:Hokkien]]<br />
== Links to Code ==<br />
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Link to GitHub repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
== March, 2022 ==<br />
<br />
=== Corpus Coverage ===<br />
<br />
The current coverage over the bible is 33%.<br />
<br />
TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:<br />
268 ^ê/*ê$<br />
85 ^kóng/*kóng$<br />
78 ^lâng/*lâng$<br />
71 ^kā/*kā$<br />
64 ^so͘/*so͘$<br />
64 ^Iâ/*Iâ$<br />
58 ^sī/*sī$<br />
54 ^ōe/*ōe$<br />
49 ^tio̍h/*tio̍h$<br />
49 ^in/*in$<br />
48 ^I/*I$<br />
47 ^chi̍t/*chi̍t$<br />
44 ^lâi/*lâi$<br />
44 ^khì/*khì$<br />
42 ^tī/*tī$<br />
41 ^m̄/*m̄$<br />
40 ^chiū/*chiū$<br />
39 ^ū/*ū$<br />
36 ^teh/*teh$<br />
36 ^lín/*lín$<br />
<br />
coverage: 2075/6243 (~0.33237225692775909018)<br />
remaining unknown forms: 4168<br />
nan.corpus Wed 16 Mar 2022 10:10:16 PM EDT 2075/6243 ~0.33237225692775909018<br />
<br />
== May 24th, 2022 ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Corpus Coverage ===<br />
<br />
The current coverage over the bible is 48%.<br />
<br />
<br />
TOP UNKNOWN WORDS:<br />
64 ^Iâ-so͘/*Iâ-so͘$<br />
57 ^sī/*sī$<br />
49 ^in/*in$<br />
48 ^tio̍h/*tio̍h$<br />
47 ^chi̍t/*chi̍t$<br />
44 ^khì/*khì$<br />
43 ^lâi/*lâi$<br />
42 ^tī/*tī$<br />
41 ^m̄/*m̄$<br />
40 ^chiū/*chiū$<br />
36 ^lín/*lín$<br />
34 ^sî/*sî$<br />
32 ^ū/*ū$<br />
32 ^hō͘/*hō͘$<br />
29 ^tùi/*tùi$<br />
29 ^beh/*beh$<br />
28 ^tè/*tè$<br />
28 ^In/*In$<br />
27 ^khòaⁿ/*khòaⁿ$<br />
27 ^kap/*kap$<br />
coverage: 2854 / 5849 (~0.48794665754829885451)<br />
remaining unknown forms: 2995<br />
nan.corpus 24 Jun 2022 03:12:03 PM EDT 2854/5849 ~0.4879466575482<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Sp22_Transducers]] [[Category: Hokkien]]<br />
<br />
== Notes ==</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=18005Hokkien and English/Contrastive Grammar2022-05-30T13:14:22Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Differences */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Ten Sentences==<br />
<br />
1. I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.<br />
He is no longer studying Russian.<br />
<br />
2. Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú lâi jú siu-beh khòa.<br />
I would like to see that movie more and more.<br />
<br />
3. Lí kám ē-tàng kā chit kóa Ing-pōng ōa-chò Bí-kim?<br />
Can you change these British pounds into American dollars?<br />
<br />
4. Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.<br />
I’ve already finished today’s homework.<br />
<br />
5. Gín-á ài àn sè-hàn khai-sí chiah ē-tàng ióng-sêng hó sı̍p-kòan.<br />
Successfully raising children with good habits must begin when they are young.<br />
<br />
6. Góa jú lâi jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.<br />
I like your friend more and more.<br />
<br />
7. Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.<br />
The students are holding their books.<br />
<br />
8. Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.<br />
I drink tea after dinner.<br />
<br />
9. Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.<br />
Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.<br />
<br />
10. I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.<br />
She is standing in front of the car.<br />
<br />
11. Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!<br />
The baby is talking!<br />
<br />
12. Mn̂g lóng koaiⁿ--leh.<br />
All the doors are closed.<br />
==Differences==<br />
<br />
1. In Hokkien, when a verb signals a new state or situation, the anterior aspect marker 矣 -- ah is added to the end of the clause or sentence. However, English does not have such an aspect marker.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.|He is no longer studying Russian.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|I{{tag|prn}} chit-má{{tag|adv}} bô{{tag|prn}} teh {{tag|v}} tha̍k{{tag|v}} Gô-bûn{{tag|n}} ah{{tag|det}}| He{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} no{{tag|det}} longer{{tag|adv}} studying{{tag|v}} Russian{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.|I've already finished today's homework}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|n}} kin-á-jı̍t{{tag|adj}} ê{{tag|det}} kong-khò{{tag|n}} í-keng{{tag|adv}} ôan-sêng{{tag|v}} ah{{tag|det}}| I've{{tag|n}} already{{tag|adv}} finished{{tag|v}} today's{{tag|adj}} homework{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
2. In Hokkien, adverbs occur before verbs, while in English, adverbs can occur after or before verbs. <br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú-lâi-jú siu-beh khòa.|I would like to see that movie more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut{{tag|det}} tiān-iá{{tag|n}} góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} siu-beh{{tag|v}} khòa{{tag|v}}| I{{tag|prn}} would{{tag|v}} like{{tag|v}} to{{tag|pr}} see{{tag|v}} that{{tag|det}} movie{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa jú-lâi-jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.|I like your friend more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} kah-ì{{tag|v}} lí{{tag|prn}} ê{{tag|det}} pêng-iú{{tag|n}}| I{{tag|prn}} like{{tag|v}} your{{tag|prn}} friend{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
3. To emphasize that an action is occurring in the present, the dynamic continuous aspect marker 咧 teh is used in conjunction with 有 ū in Hokkien, however English doesn't.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.|I drink tea after dinner.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Àm-tǹg{{tag|n}} chia̍h liáu{{tag|adv}} góa{{tag|prn}} ū teh{{tag|det}} lim{{tag|v}} tê{{tag|n}} | I{{tag|prn}} drink{{tag|v}} tea{{tag|n}} after{{tag|adv}} dinner{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!|The baby is talking!}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Âng-e-á{{tag|n}} ū teh{{tag|det}} kóng{{tag|v}} ōe{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} baby{{tag|n}} is{{tag|v}} talking{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
4. The verb suffix leh, which emphasizes an action that is in a persistent state or condition, exists in Hokkien but not in English.<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.|Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Chúi-chi-teng{{tag|n}} àn{{tag|v}} chhù-téng{{tag|n}} tiàu{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| Crystal{{tag|n}} lights{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} hanging{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} ceiling{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.|She is standing in front of the car.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| I{{tag|prn}} tī{{tag|v}} chhia{{tag|n}} thâu{{tag|pr}} chêng{{tag|n}} khiā{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}} | She{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} standing{{tag|v}} in{{tag|pr}} front{{tag|n}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} car{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
5. English uses an article, the, while Hokkien doesn't.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.|The students are holding their books.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Ha̍k-seng{{tag|n}} chheh{{tag|n}} the̍h{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} students{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} holding{{tag|v}} their{{tag|prn}} books{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Mn̂g lóng koai--leh.|All the doors are closed.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Mn̂g{{tag|n}} lóng{{tag|adv}} koai{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| All{{tag|adv}} the{{tag|det}} doors{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} closed{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=18004Hokkien and English/Contrastive Grammar2022-05-30T12:54:44Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Ten Sentences */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Ten Sentences==<br />
<br />
1. I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.<br />
He is no longer studying Russian.<br />
<br />
2. Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú lâi jú siu-beh khòa.<br />
I would like to see that movie more and more.<br />
<br />
3. Lí kám ē-tàng kā chit kóa Ing-pōng ōa-chò Bí-kim?<br />
Can you change these British pounds into American dollars?<br />
<br />
4. Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.<br />
I’ve already finished today’s homework.<br />
<br />
5. Gín-á ài àn sè-hàn khai-sí chiah ē-tàng ióng-sêng hó sı̍p-kòan.<br />
Successfully raising children with good habits must begin when they are young.<br />
<br />
6. Góa jú lâi jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.<br />
I like your friend more and more.<br />
<br />
7. Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.<br />
The students are holding their books.<br />
<br />
8. Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.<br />
I drink tea after dinner.<br />
<br />
9. Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.<br />
Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.<br />
<br />
10. I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.<br />
She is standing in front of the car.<br />
<br />
11. Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!<br />
The baby is talking!<br />
<br />
12. Mn̂g lóng koaiⁿ--leh.<br />
All the doors are closed.<br />
==Differences==<br />
<br />
1. In Hokkien, when a verb signals a new state or situation, the anterior aspect marker 矣 -- ah is added to the end of the clause or sentence. However, English does not have such an aspect marker.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.|He is no longer studying Russian.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|I{{tag|prn}} chit-má{{tag|adv}} bô{{tag|prn}} teh {{tag|v}} tha̍k{{tag|v}} Gô-bûn{{tag|n}} ah{{tag|det}}| He{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} no{{tag|det}} longer{{tag|adv}} studying{{tag|v}} Russian{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.|I've already finished today's homework}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|n}} kin-á-jı̍t{{tag|adj}} ê{{tag|det}} kong-khò{{tag|n}} í-keng{{tag|adv}} ôan-sêng{{tag|v}} ah{{tag|det}}| I've{{tag|n}} already{{tag|adv}} finished{{tag|v}} today's{{tag|adj}} homework{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
2. In Hokkien, adverbs occur before verbs, while in English, adverbs can occur after or before verbs. <br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú-lâi-jú siu-beh khòa.|I would like to see that movie more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Hit chhut{{tag|det}} tiān-iá{{tag|n}} góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} siu-beh{{tag|v}} khòa{{tag|v}}| I{{tag|prn}} would{{tag|v}} like{{tag|v}} to{{tag|pr}} see{{tag|v}} that{{tag|det}} movie{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Góa jú-lâi-jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.|I like your friend more and more.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng|Góa{{tag|prn}} jú-lâi-jú{{tag|adv}} kah-ì{{tag|v}} lí{{tag|prn}} ê{{tag|det}} pêng-iú{{tag|n}}| I{{tag|prn}} like{{tag|v}} your{{tag|prn}} friend{{tag|n}} more and more{{tag|adv}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
3. To emphasize that an action is occurring in the present, the dynamic continuous aspect marker 咧 teh is used in conjunction with 有 ū in Hokkien, however English doesn't.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.|I drink tea after dinner.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Àm-tǹg{{tag|n}} chia̍h liáu{{tag|adv}} góa{{tag|prn}} ū teh{{tag|det}} lim{{tag|v}} tê{{tag|n}} | I{{tag|prn}} drink{{tag|v}} tea{{tag|n}} after{{tag|adv}} dinner{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Âng-e-á ū teh kóng ōe!|The baby is talking!}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Âng-e-á{{tag|n}} ū teh{{tag|det}} kóng{{tag|v}} ōe{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} baby{{tag|n}} is{{tag|v}} talking{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
4. The verb suffix leh, which emphasizes an action that is in a persistent state or condition, exists in Hokkien but not in English.<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.|Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Chúi-chi-teng{{tag|n}} àn{{tag|v}} chhù-téng{{tag|n}} tiàu{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| Crystal{{tag|n}} lights{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} hanging{{tag|v}} from{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} ceiling{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.|She is standing in front of the car.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| I{{tag|prn}} tī{{tag|v}} chhia{{tag|n}} thâu{{tag|pr}} chêng{{tag|n}} khiā{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}} | She{{tag|prn}} is{{tag|v}} standing{{tag|v}} in{{tag|pr}} front{{tag|n}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}} car{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
5. English uses an article, the, while Hokkien doesn't.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.|The students are holding their books.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Ha̍k-seng{{tag|n}} chheh{{tag|n}} the̍h{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| The{{tag|det}} students{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} holding{{tag|v}} their{{tag|prn}} books{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|nan|eng|Mn̂g lóng koai--leh.|All the doors are closed.}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|nan|eng| Mn̂g{{tag|n}} lóng{{tag|det}} koai{{tag|v}} leh{{tag|det}}| All{{tag|det}} the{{tag|det}} doors{{tag|n}} are{{tag|v}} closed{{tag|v}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=18003Hokkien and English/Contrastive Grammar2022-05-30T05:22:24Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "==Ten Sentences== 1. I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah. He is no longer studying Russian. 2. Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú lâi jú siu-beh khòa. More and more, I would..."</p>
<hr />
<div>==Ten Sentences==<br />
<br />
1. I chit-má bô teh tha̍k Gô-bûn--ah.<br />
He is no longer studying Russian.<br />
<br />
2. Hit chhut tiān-iá góa jú lâi jú siu-beh khòa.<br />
More and more, I would like to see that movie.<br />
<br />
3. Lí kám ē-tàng kā chit kóa Ing-pōng ōa-chò Bí-kim?<br />
Can you change these British pounds into American dollars?<br />
<br />
4. Góa kin-á-jı̍t ê kong-khò í-keng ôan-sêng--ah.<br />
I’ve already finished today’s homework.<br />
<br />
5. Gín-á ài àn sè-hàn khai-sí chiah ē-tàng ióng-sêng hó sı̍p-kòan.<br />
Successfully raising children with good habits must begin when they are young.<br />
<br />
6. Góa jú lâi jú kah-ì lí ê pêng-iú.<br />
I like your friend more and more.<br />
<br />
7. Ha̍k-seng chheh the̍h--leh.<br />
The students are holding their books.<br />
<br />
8. Àm-tǹg chia̍h liáu, góa ū teh lim tê.<br />
I drink tea after dinner.<br />
<br />
9. Chúi-chi-teng àn chhù-téng tiàu--leh.<br />
Crystal lights are hanging from the ceiling.<br />
<br />
10. I tī chhia thâu-chêng khiā-leh.<br />
She is standing in front of the car.</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=17616Hokkien/Keyboard2022-05-07T12:16:54Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Keyboard Layout */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
==Keyboard Layout==<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~||{{green|◌̃}}}} {{kbdkey|!|%}} {{kbdkey|?|@}} {{kbdkey|/|#}}{{kbdkey|(|^}} {{kbdkey|)|*}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} {{kbdkey|.|..}} {{kbdkey|...|....}} {{kbdkey|.....|......}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}}{{kbdrow2| {{kbdkey|}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|d|D}} {{kbdkey|z|Z}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"|{{green|◌́}}|{{green|◌̈}}}} }}<br />
<br />
==Justification==<br />
I modeled the Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard off of Microsoft's Keyboard layout for the Cangjie input method. Each key on this keyboard maps to a specific letter key on the QWERTY keyboard. One thing that was challenging about this assignment was that there was not a standardized Romanization system used in Taiwan. The earliest version is Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which was developed by Western missionaries in the 1900s. Consequently, because I found the most resources for Pe̍h-ōe-jī language keyboards, which was based off the Latin alphabet Romanization system, I decided to use that as the basis for this assignment. The way in which I designed my keyboard input mechanism was based off the 5 different tones in Taiwanese language. Since Taiwanese Hokkien was a derivation of Mandarin Chinese, I saw some parallels between the number of tones used in both languages. To establish consistency between both languages, I wanted to utilize the keyboard so that when users typed on it, they could see a pop up box that corresponded to their desired tone for each character, based off a numerical system. Most of all as I was designing this keyboard, I was thinking about accessibility. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=17615Hokkien/Keyboard2022-05-07T12:16:11Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Keyboard Layout */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
==Keyboard Layout==<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~||{{green|◌̃}}}} {{kbdkey|!|%}} {{kbdkey|?|@}} {{kbdkey|/|#}} {{kbdkey|á|Á}} {{kbdkey|é|É}} {{kbdkey|í|Í}} {{kbdkey|ó|Ó}} {{kbdkey|ú|Ú}} {{kbdkey|(|^}} {{kbdkey|)|*}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} {{kbdkey|.|..}} {{kbdkey|...|....}} {{kbdkey|.....|......}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}}{{kbdrow2| {{kbdkey|}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|d|D}} {{kbdkey|z|Z}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"|{{green|◌́}}|{{green|◌̈}}}} }}<br />
<br />
==Justification==<br />
I modeled the Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard off of Microsoft's Keyboard layout for the Cangjie input method. Each key on this keyboard maps to a specific letter key on the QWERTY keyboard. One thing that was challenging about this assignment was that there was not a standardized Romanization system used in Taiwan. The earliest version is Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which was developed by Western missionaries in the 1900s. Consequently, because I found the most resources for Pe̍h-ōe-jī language keyboards, which was based off the Latin alphabet Romanization system, I decided to use that as the basis for this assignment. The way in which I designed my keyboard input mechanism was based off the 5 different tones in Taiwanese language. Since Taiwanese Hokkien was a derivation of Mandarin Chinese, I saw some parallels between the number of tones used in both languages. To establish consistency between both languages, I wanted to utilize the keyboard so that when users typed on it, they could see a pop up box that corresponded to their desired tone for each character, based off a numerical system. Most of all as I was designing this keyboard, I was thinking about accessibility. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=17614Hokkien/Keyboard2022-05-07T12:13:18Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Keyboard Layout */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
==Keyboard Layout==<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~||{{green|◌̃}}}} {{kbdkey|!|%}} {{kbdkey|?|@}} {{kbdkey|/|#}} {{kbdkey|á|Á}} {{kbdkey|é|É}} {{kbdkey|í|Í}} {{kbdkey|ó|Ó}} {{kbdkey|ú|Ú}} {{kbdkey|(|^}} {{kbdkey|)|*}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2| {{kbdkey|}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|d|D}} {{kbdkey|z|Z}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"|{{green|◌́}}|{{green|◌̈}}}} }}<br />
<br />
==Justification==<br />
I modeled the Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard off of Microsoft's Keyboard layout for the Cangjie input method. Each key on this keyboard maps to a specific letter key on the QWERTY keyboard. One thing that was challenging about this assignment was that there was not a standardized Romanization system used in Taiwan. The earliest version is Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which was developed by Western missionaries in the 1900s. Consequently, because I found the most resources for Pe̍h-ōe-jī language keyboards, which was based off the Latin alphabet Romanization system, I decided to use that as the basis for this assignment. The way in which I designed my keyboard input mechanism was based off the 5 different tones in Taiwanese language. Since Taiwanese Hokkien was a derivation of Mandarin Chinese, I saw some parallels between the number of tones used in both languages. To establish consistency between both languages, I wanted to utilize the keyboard so that when users typed on it, they could see a pop up box that corresponded to their desired tone for each character, based off a numerical system. Most of all as I was designing this keyboard, I was thinking about accessibility. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien_and_English&diff=16884Hokkien and English2022-04-07T14:32:33Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "====Resources Developed for Hokkien==== *[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Hokkien transducer] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view) *[htt..."</p>
<hr />
<div>====Resources Developed for Hokkien====<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Hokkien transducer] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan-corpus Hokkien corpus] (internal Swarthmore access may be required to view)<br />
<br />
====Resources for Machine Translation Between Hokkien and English====<br />
*<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp22_TranslationPairs]]<br />
[[Category:Hokkien]]<br />
[[Category:English]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=16740Hokkien/Keyboard2022-03-17T09:22:09Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Keyboard Layout */</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
==Keyboard Layout==<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~||{{green|◌̃}}}} {{kbdkey|!|%}} {{kbdkey|?|@}} {{kbdkey|/|#}} {{kbdkey|á|Á}} {{kbdkey|é|É}} {{kbdkey|í|Í}} {{kbdkey|ó|Ó}} {{kbdkey|ú|Ú}} {{kbdkey|(|^}} {{kbdkey|)|*}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2|{{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|d|D}} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"|{{green|◌́}}|{{green|◌̈}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow4|{{kbdkey|z|Z}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|}} }}<br />
<br />
==Justification==<br />
I modeled the Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard off of Microsoft's Keyboard layout for the Cangjie input method. Each key on this keyboard maps to a specific letter key on the QWERTY keyboard. One thing that was challenging about this assignment was that there was not a standardized Romanization system used in Taiwan. The earliest version is Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which was developed by Western missionaries in the 1900s. Consequently, because I found the most resources for Pe̍h-ōe-jī language keyboards, which was based off the Latin alphabet Romanization system, I decided to use that as the basis for this assignment. The way in which I designed my keyboard input mechanism was based off the 5 different tones in Taiwanese language. Since Taiwanese Hokkien was a derivation of Mandarin Chinese, I saw some parallels between the number of tones used in both languages. To establish consistency between both languages, I wanted to utilize the keyboard so that when users typed on it, they could see a pop up box that corresponded to their desired tone for each character, based off a numerical system. Most of all as I was designing this keyboard, I was thinking about accessibility. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=16739Hokkien/Keyboard2022-03-17T09:21:40Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
==Keyboard Layout==<br />
{{kbdrow1|{{kbdkey|`|~||{{green|◌̃}}}} {{kbdkey|!|%}} {{kbdkey|?|@}} {{kbdkey|/|#}} {{kbdkey|á|Á}} {{kbdkey|é|É}} {{kbdkey|í|Í}} {{kbdkey|ó|Ó}} {{kbdkey|ú|Ú}} {{kbdkey|(|^}} {{kbdkey|)|*}} {{kbdkey|-|_}} {{kbdkey|&#61;|+}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow2|{{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|w|W}} {{kbdkey|e|E}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|t|T}} {{kbdkey|y|Y}} {{kbdkey|u|U}} {{kbdkey|i|I}} {{kbdkey|o|O}} {{kbdkey|p|P}} {{kbdkey|[|{}} {{kbdkey|]|} }} {{kbdkey|\|{{!}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow3|{{kbdkey|a|A}} {{kbdkey|s|S}} {{kbdkey|d|D}} {{kbdkey|ŋ|Ŋ }} {{kbdkey|g|G}} {{kbdkey|h|H}} {{kbdkey|k|K}} {{kbdkey|l|L}} {{kbdkey|;|:}} {{kbdkey|'|"|{{green|◌́}}|{{green|◌̈}}}} }}<br />
{{kbdrow4|{{kbdkey|z|Z}} {{kbdkey|v|V}} {{kbdkey|b|B}} {{kbdkey|n|N}} {{kbdkey|m|M}} {{kbdkey|,|<}} {{kbdkey|.|>}} {{kbdkey|}} }}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Justification==<br />
I modeled the Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard off of Microsoft's Keyboard layout for the Cangjie input method. Each key on this keyboard maps to a specific letter key on the QWERTY keyboard. One thing that was challenging about this assignment was that there was not a standardized Romanization system used in Taiwan. The earliest version is Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which was developed by Western missionaries in the 1900s. Consequently, because I found the most resources for Pe̍h-ōe-jī language keyboards, which was based off the Latin alphabet Romanization system, I decided to use that as the basis for this assignment. The way in which I designed my keyboard input mechanism was based off the 5 different tones in Taiwanese language. Since Taiwanese Hokkien was a derivation of Mandarin Chinese, I saw some parallels between the number of tones used in both languages. To establish consistency between both languages, I wanted to utilize the keyboard so that when users typed on it, they could see a pop up box that corresponded to their desired tone for each character, based off a numerical system. Most of all as I was designing this keyboard, I was thinking about accessibility. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16738Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T05:27:05Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Part of Speech */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|káu}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|pùn-sò}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|hêng-lí}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|io̍h-á}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|bō-á}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|kià}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|chha̍t}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|phī}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|kho}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|kak}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|sián}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|chheh}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|lâng}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|a-chí}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|tiān-náu}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|gîn-hâng}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kóng{{tag|v}}|kóng}} - to say<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|kià}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|tòa}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|tàn}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|kái-soeh}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|lâu}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|tah-èng}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|bē}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|pôe}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|kiong-hí}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|khéng}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|gōan}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|bat}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|sìn}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|him-sióng}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|khai-sí}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|chún-pī}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|ài}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|hi-bōng}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|nn̄g}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|o-sek}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|phái}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|chhàu}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|kùi}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|kó-chui}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|chheng-khì}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|khāng}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|hiān-tāi}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô-hêng{{tag|adj}}|bô-hêng}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|kok-chè}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|kè}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|thian-jiân}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|lú}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|siông-siông}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|chiok}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|Bêng-bêng}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|kî-sı̍t}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|hiông-hiông}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|kèng-jiân}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|tú-hó}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|chá-bān}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|put-tek-í}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|tàu-tē}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|chòe-kīn}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|má-siōng}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|khin-khin}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|té-té}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|hoa-hoa-hí-hí}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|má-má-hu-hu}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|sūn-sòa}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
#** {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|kah}} - and<br />
#** {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|mā}} - also<br />
#** {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|koh}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16737Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T05:07:20Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Part of Speech */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|káu}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|pùn-sò}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|hêng-lí}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|io̍h-á}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|bō-á}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|kià}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|chha̍t}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|phī}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|kho}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|kak}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|sián}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|chheh}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|lâng}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|a-chí}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|tiān-náu}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|gîn-hâng}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kóng{{tag|v}}|kóng}} - to say<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|kià}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|tòa}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|tàn}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|kái-soeh}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|lâu}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|tah-èng}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|bē}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|pôe}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|kiong-hí}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|khéng}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|gōan}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|bat}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|sìn}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|him-sióng}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|khai-sí}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|chún-pī}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|ài}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|hi-bōng}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|nn̄g}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|o-sek}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|phái}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|chhàu}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|kùi}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|kó-chui}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|chheng-khì}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|khāng}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|hiān-tāi}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô hêng{{tag|adj}}|bô hêng}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|kok-chè}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|kè}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|thian-jiân}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|lú}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|siông-siông}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|chiok}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|Bêng-bêng}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|kî-sı̍t}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|hiông-hiông}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|kèng-jiân}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|tú-hó}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|chá-bān}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|put-tek-í}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|tàu-tē}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|chòe-kīn}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|má-siōng}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|khin-khin}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|té-té}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|hoa-hoa-hí-hí}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|má-má-hu-hu}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|sūn-sòa}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
#** {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|kah}} - and<br />
#** {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|mā}} - also<br />
#** {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|koh}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Transducer&diff=16736Hokkien/Transducer2022-03-17T03:41:59Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[category: Sp22_Transducers]] [[category:Hokkien]]<br />
== Links to Code ==<br />
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan Link to GitHub repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
== Notes ==</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Transducer&diff=16735Hokkien/Transducer2022-03-17T03:40:49Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "category: Sp22_Transducers category:Hokkien == Links to Code == [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan, Link to GitHub repository] == Evaluation ==..."</p>
<hr />
<div>[[category: Sp22_Transducers]] [[category:Hokkien]]<br />
== Links to Code ==<br />
[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp22/ling073-nan, Link to GitHub repository]<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
== Notes ==</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16734Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T03:37:50Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|káu}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|pùn-sò}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|hêng-lí}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|io̍h-á}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|bō-á}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|kià}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|chha̍t}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|phī}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|kho}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|kak}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|sián}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|chheh}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|lâng}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|a-chí}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|tiān-náu}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|gîn-hâng}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|kià}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|tòa}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|tàn}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|kái-soeh}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|lâu}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|tah-èng}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|bē}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|pôe}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|kiong-hí}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|khéng}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|gōan}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|bat}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|sìn}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|him-sióng}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|khai-sí}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|chún-pī}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|ài}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|hi-bōng}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|nn̄g}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|o-sek}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|phái}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|chhàu}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|kùi}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|kó-chui}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|chheng-khì}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|khāng}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|hiān-tāi}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô hêng{{tag|adj}}|bô hêng}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|kok-chè}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|kè}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|thian-jiân}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|lú}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|siông-siông}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|chiok}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|Bêng-bêng}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|kî-sı̍t}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|hiông-hiông}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|kèng-jiân}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|tú-hó}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|chá-bān}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|put-tek-í}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|tàu-tē}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|chòe-kīn}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|má-siōng}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|khin-khin}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|té-té}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|hoa-hoa-hí-hí}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|má-má-hu-hu}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|sūn-sòa}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
#** {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|kah}} - and<br />
#** {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|mā}} - also<br />
#** {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|koh}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16732Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T01:35:16Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Part of Speech */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|káu}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|pùn-sò}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|hêng-lí}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|io̍h-á}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|bō-á}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|kià}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|chha̍t}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|phī}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|kho}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|kak}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|sián}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|chheh}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|lâng}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|a-chí}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|tiān-náu}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|gîn-hâng}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|kià}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|tòa}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|tàn}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|kái-soeh}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|khà}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|lâu}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|tah-èng}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|bē}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|pôe}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|kiong-hí}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|khéng}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|gōan}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|bat}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|sìn}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|him-sióng}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|khai-sí}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|chún-pī}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|ài}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|hi-bōng}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|nn̄g}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|o-sek}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|phái}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|chhàu}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|kùi}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|kó-chui}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|chheng-khì}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|khāng}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|hiān-tāi}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô hêng{{tag|adj}}|bô hêng}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|kok-chè}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|kè}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|thian-jiân}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|lú}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|siông-siông}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|chiok}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|Bêng-bêng}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|kî-sı̍t}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|hiông-hiông}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|kèng-jiân}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|tú-hó}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|chá-bān}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|put-tek-í}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|tàu-tē}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|chòe-kīn}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|má-siōng}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|khin-khin}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|té-té}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|hoa-hoa-hí-hí}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|má-má-hu-hu}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|sūn-sòa}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
#** {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|kah}} - and<br />
#** {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|mā}} - also<br />
#** {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|koh}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16726Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T00:13:05Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Part of Speech */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô hêng{{tag|adj}}|}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
#** {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - and<br />
#** {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - also<br />
#** {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16725Hokkien/Grammar2022-03-17T00:12:07Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Part of Speech */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|káu{{tag|n}}|}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|pùn-sò{{tag|n}}|}} - garbage<br />
#** {{morphTest|hêng-lí{{tag|n}}|}} - suitcase<br />
#** {{morphTest|io̍h-á{{tag|n}}|}} - medicine<br />
#** {{morphTest|bō-á{{tag|n}}|}} - hat<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|n}}|}} - mirror<br />
#** {{morphTest|chha̍t{{tag|n}}|}} - thief<br />
#** {{morphTest|phī{{tag|n}}|}} - nose<br />
#** {{morphTest|kho{{tag|n}}|}} - dollar<br />
#** {{morphTest|kak{{tag|n}}|}} - dime<br />
#** {{morphTest|sián{{tag|n}}|}} - cent<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheh{{tag|n}}|}} - book<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâng{{tag|n}}|}} - person<br />
#** {{morphTest|a-chí{{tag|n}}|}} - older sister<br />
#** {{morphTest|tiān-náu{{tag|n}}|}} - computer<br />
#** {{morphTest|gîn-hâng{{tag|n}}|}} - bank<br />
<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|kià{{tag|v}}{{tag|inf}}|}} - to send<br />
#** {{morphTest|tòa{{tag|v}}|}} - to carry<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàn{{tag|v}}|}} - to throw<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|}} - to buy<br />
#** {{morphTest|kái-soeh{{tag|v}}|}} - to explain<br />
#** {{morphTest|khà{{tag|v}}|}} - to call (by telephone)<br />
#** {{morphTest|lâu{{tag|v}}|}} - to save, to keep behind<br />
#** {{morphTest|tah-èng{{tag|v}}|}} - to promise<br />
#** {{morphTest|bē{{tag|v}}|}} - to sell<br />
#** {{morphTest|pôe{{tag|v}}|}} - to compensate<br />
#** {{morphTest|kiong-hí{{tag|v}}|}} - to congratulate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khéng{{tag|v}}|}} - to will<br />
#** {{morphTest|gōan{{tag|v}}|}} - to wish for<br />
#** {{morphTest|bat{{tag|v}}|}} - to recognize<br />
#** {{morphTest|sìn{{tag|v}}|}} - to believe<br />
#** {{morphTest|him-sióng{{tag|v}}|}} - to appreciate<br />
#** {{morphTest|khai-sí{{tag|v}}|}} - to begin<br />
#** {{morphTest|chún-pī{{tag|v}}|}} - to prepare<br />
#** {{morphTest|ài{{tag|v}}|}} - to love<br />
#** {{morphTest|hi-bōng{{tag|v}}|}} - to hope<br />
<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|nn̄g{{tag|adj}}|}} - two<br />
#** {{morphTest|o-sek{{tag|adj}}|}} - black<br />
#** {{morphTest|phái{{tag|adj}}|}} - bad<br />
#** {{morphTest|chhàu{{tag|adj}}|}} - smelly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kùi{{tag|adj}}|}} - expensive<br />
#** {{morphTest|kó-chui{{tag|adj}}|}} - cute<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-khì{{tag|adj}}|}} - clean<br />
#** {{morphTest|khāng{{tag|adj}}|}} - empty<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiān-tāi{{tag|adj}}|}} - modern<br />
#** {{morphTest|bô hêng{{tag|adj}}|}} - invisible<br />
#** {{morphTest|kok-chè{{tag|adj}}|}} - international<br />
#** {{morphTest|kè{{tag|adj}}|}} - fake<br />
#** {{morphTest|thian-jiân{{tag|adj}}|}} - natural<br />
#** {{morphTest|lú{{tag|adj}}|}} - female<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|siông-siông{{tag|adv}}|}} - constantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|chiok{{tag|adv}}|}} - very<br />
#** {{morphTest|Bêng-bêng{{tag|adv}}|}} - obviously<br />
#** {{morphTest|kî-sı̍t{{tag|adv}}|}} - actually<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiông-hiông{{tag|adv}}|}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|kèng-jiân{{tag|adv}}|}} - unexpectedly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tú-hó{{tag|adv}}|}} - coincidentally<br />
#** {{morphTest|chá-bān{{tag|adv}}|}} - eventually<br />
#** {{morphTest|put-tek-í{{tag|adv}}|}} - reluctantly<br />
#** {{morphTest|tàu-tē{{tag|adv}}|}} - ultimately<br />
#** {{morphTest|chòe-kīn{{tag|adv}}|}} - recently<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-siōng{{tag|adv}}|}} - immediately<br />
#** {{morphTest|khin-khin{{tag|adv}}|}} - carefully<br />
#** {{morphTest|té-té{{tag|adv}}|}} - briefly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hoa-hoa-hí-hí{{tag|adv}}|}} - happily<br />
#** {{morphTest|chheng-chheng-chhó-chhó{{tag|adv}}|}} - clearly<br />
#** {{morphTest|má-má-hu-hu{{tag|adv}}|}} - casually<br />
#** {{morphTest|sūn-sòa{{tag|adv}}|}} - convieniently<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
* {{morphTest|kah{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - and<br />
* {{morphTest|mā{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - also<br />
* {{morphTest|koh{{tag|cnjcoo}}|}} - but<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=16673Hokkien/Keyboard2022-03-15T08:01:16Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[category: sp22_KeyboardLayouts]] [[category: Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Keyboard&diff=16672Hokkien/Keyboard2022-03-15T07:59:59Z<p>Pzhang2: updated keyboard research</p>
<hr />
<div>== Existing Resources ==<br />
[https://tailingua.com/resources/computing/tp2.php Taiwanese Peh-Oe-Ji Keyboard]<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien keyboard based on Peh-Oe-Ji Romanization system. This keyboard has a standard QWERTY layout and uses a series of keys to switch between different tones. For example, to enter a tone mark above a letter, simply type the letter followed by the appropriate key for tone marking.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://taigi.fhl.net/TaigiIME/ Taiwanese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This Taiwanese keyboard is modeled after the Bopomofo language system, which is based off the traditional characters of Mandarin. The Bopomofo keyboard uses a combination of QWERTY, however, when the user presses the shift key, each key on the keyboard also has a unique Mandarin character which is accessible. They keyboard layout also includes four tones.<br />
*Compatible in Mac OS, Windows PC, and Linux.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/microsoft-traditional-chinese-ime-ef596ca5-aff7-4272-b34b-0ac7c2631a38 Microsoft Traditional Chinese Characters Keyboard]<br />
*This keyboard gives the users the option to choose between Bopomofo or Changjie layouts. Designed by Microsoft, this keyboard offers a pop up window that allows users to simultaneously see which strokes match with what is being typed in real time. This keyboard has a romanization system for the Changjie layout and a Mandarin character for the bopomofo layout.<br />
*Compatible with Windows only</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Category:Sp22_LanguageSelection&diff=16541Category:Sp22 LanguageSelection2022-02-26T15:53:50Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>These are Spring 2022 student submissions for the language selection assignment.<br />
<br />
We will fill out this table with the results of language selection, once groups have formed and language choices have been stablised.<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! username !! name !! language !! ISO 639-3 !! Area || affiliation<br />
|-<br />
| dmahaja1 & jhan3 || Devyani Mahajan & Jisu Han || [[Lakota]] || <code>lkt</code> || North Dakota, South Dakota || Siouan > Sioux<br />
|-<br />
| ekenast1 || Elliot Kenaston || [[Siberian Yupik]] || <code>ess</code> || St. Lawrence Island Alaska, Eastern Russia || Eskimo-Aleut > Eskimo > Yupik<br />
|-<br />
| ywang13 & jshe1|| Agnes Wang & Selena She || [[Nuosu]] || <code>iii</code> || Sichuan and Yunnan, China || Sino-Tibetan > Lolo-Burmese > Loloish<br />
|-<br />
| spark9 & zkelly1|| SaengMoung Jacob Park & Zachary Kelly || [[Navajo]] || <code>nav</code> || Southwestern United States || Na-Dené > Athabaskan > Apachean<br />
|-<br />
| wdengle1 & eresend1 || Bill Dengler & Elizabeth Resendiz || Totontepec [[Mixe]] || <code>mto</code> || Oaxaca, Mexico || Mixe-Zoquean > Mixean > Oaxaca Mixean<br />
|-<br />
| hsaunde1 & dkhazan1 || Harrison Saunders & Dan Khazanov || [[Adyghe]] || <code>ady</code> || Northern Caucasus Mountains, Russia || Northwest Caucasian > Circassian<br />
|-<br />
| pcruz1 || Pedro Cruz || [[Nheengatú]] || <code>yrl</code> || Brazil (Amazon), Colombia, Venezuela || Tupian > Tupi-Guarani > Tupi<br />
|-<br />
| pzhang2 || Pearl Zhang || [[Hokkien]] || <code>nan</code> || Taiwan, Singapore, Fujian || Southern Min > Quanzhang > Taiwanese Hokkien<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Language selection]]<br />
[[Category:Assignments]]<br />
[[Category:Spring 2022]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Category:Sp22_LanguageSelection&diff=16540Category:Sp22 LanguageSelection2022-02-26T15:52:25Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>These are Spring 2022 student submissions for the language selection assignment.<br />
<br />
We will fill out this table with the results of language selection, once groups have formed and language choices have been stablised.<br />
{|class="wikitable sortable"<br />
|-<br />
! username !! name !! language !! ISO 639-3 !! Area || affiliation<br />
|-<br />
| dmahaja1 & jhan3 || Devyani Mahajan & Jisu Han || [[Lakota]] || <code>lkt</code> || North Dakota, South Dakota || Siouan > Sioux<br />
|-<br />
| ekenast1 || Elliot Kenaston || [[Siberian Yupik]] || <code>ess</code> || St. Lawrence Island Alaska, Eastern Russia || Eskimo-Aleut > Eskimo > Yupik<br />
|-<br />
| ywang13 & jshe1|| Agnes Wang & Selena She || [[Nuosu]] || <code>iii</code> || Sichuan and Yunnan, China || Sino-Tibetan > Lolo-Burmese > Loloish<br />
|-<br />
| spark9 & zkelly1|| SaengMoung Jacob Park & Zachary Kelly || [[Navajo]] || <code>nav</code> || Southwestern United States || Na-Dené > Athabaskan > Apachean<br />
|-<br />
| wdengle1 & eresend1 || Bill Dengler & Elizabeth Resendiz || Totontepec [[Mixe]] || <code>mto</code> || Oaxaca, Mexico || Mixe-Zoquean > Mixean > Oaxaca Mixean<br />
|-<br />
| hsaunde1 & dkhazan1 || Harrison Saunders & Dan Khazanov || [[Adyghe]] || <code>ady</code> || Northern Caucasus Mountains, Russia || Northwest Caucasian > Circassian<br />
|-<br />
| pcruz1 || Pedro Cruz || [[Nheengatú]] || <code>yrl</code> || Brazil (Amazon), Colombia, Venezuela || Tupian > Tupi-Guarani > Tupi<br />
|-<br />
| pzhang2 || Pearl Zhang || [[Taiwanese Hokkien]] || <code>nan</code> || Taiwan, Singapore, Fujian || Southern Min > Quanzhang > Taiwanese Hokkien<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Language selection]]<br />
[[Category:Assignments]]<br />
[[Category:Spring 2022]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2/Language_selection&diff=16505User:Pzhang2/Language selection2022-02-24T15:23:51Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pair Info ==<br />
<br />
I'll be working with myself.<br />
== Languages of Interest ==<br />
<br />
=== Taiwanese Hokkien ===<br />
==== Morphology ====<br />
Hokkien is primarily an analytic language. It follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure and is a monosyllabic language. One unique thing about Taiwanese Hokkien is that the language is gender neutral. Additionally, it include loan words from Chinese Mandarin and the Southern Min language. The words do not indicate reference to time, gender, and plural by inflection. These concepts are expressed through adverbs, aspect markers, and grammatical particles, or are deduced from context. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 50 million<br />
* Region: Asia (Taiwan, China, Singapore, Malaysia) and United States (spoken as a heritage language)<br />
* Common Languages: Teochew, Southern Min, Cantonese<br />
* Orthography: Peh-Oe-Ji, Bopomofo<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there are translations of Hokkien on the Bible and a dictionary of Hokkien to English created by Maryknoll. <br />
* ISO: nan<br />
<br />
=== Hakka ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Hakka is an analytic language and follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure. It is also a monosyllabic language, and a large number of its syllables are distinguished by tone and final consonant. Both Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka are spoken in Taiwan. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 42.2 million<br />
* Region: Taiwan<br />
* Common Languages: Southern Min, Cantonese, Taiwanese <br />
* Orthography: Phak-fa-su<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there is a Hakka translation of The Little Prince and a Hakka translation for the Bible.<br />
* ISO: hak<br />
<br />
=== Ixil ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Ixil is an agglutinative language and follows the Subject-Object-Verb structure. Ixil is predominantly spoken in three towns in Guatemala. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixil_language Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 70,000 people<br />
* Region: Guatemala, United States<br />
* Common Languages: Mayan, Mam, Teko, Awatek<br />
* Orthography: The Ixil alphabet is based off of latin characters.<br />
* Text availability: Yes<br />
* ISO: ixl<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp22_LanguageSelection]], [[Category:Hokkien]], [[Category:Hakka]], [[Category:Ixil]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16499Hokkien/Grammar2022-02-24T14:58:39Z<p>Pzhang2: /* Reduplicaiton */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|kao{{tag|n}}|kao}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|ho-chiao{{tag|n}}|ho-chiao}} - passport<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|toa{{tag|v}}|toa}} - bring<br />
#** {{morphTest|khi{{tag|v}}|khi}} - go<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|kin{{tag|adj}}|kin}} - fast<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|hiong-hiong}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|ken-jian}} - unexpectedly<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
# Closed<br />
#* Pronoun <br />
#** {{morphTest|nga{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}|nga}}<br />
#* Particle <br />
#** {{morphTest|da{{tag|vaux}}|da}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplication ===<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16405Hokkien/Grammar2022-02-18T00:56:06Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|kao{{tag|n}}|kao}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|ho-chiao{{tag|n}}|ho-chiao}} - passport<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|toa{{tag|v}}|toa}} - bring<br />
#** {{morphTest|khi{{tag|v}}|khi}} - go<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|kin{{tag|adj}}|kin}} - fast<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|hiong-hiong}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|ken-jian}} - unexpectedly<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
# Closed<br />
#* Pronoun <br />
#** {{morphTest|nga{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}|nga}}<br />
#* Particle <br />
#** {{morphTest|da{{tag|vaux}}|da}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplicaiton ===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien/Grammar&diff=16404Hokkien/Grammar2022-02-18T00:55:42Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "== Part of Speech == # Open #* Noun #** {{morphTest|kao{{tag|n}}|kao}} - dog #** {{morphTest|ho-chiao{{tag|n}}|ho-chiao}} - passport #* Verb #** {{morphTest|toa{{tag|v}}|toa}}..."</p>
<hr />
<div>== Part of Speech ==<br />
# Open<br />
#* Noun<br />
#** {{morphTest|kao{{tag|n}}|kao}} - dog<br />
#** {{morphTest|ho-chiao{{tag|n}}|ho-chiao}} - passport<br />
#* Verb<br />
#** {{morphTest|toa{{tag|v}}|toa}} - bring<br />
#** {{morphTest|khi{{tag|v}}|khi}} - go<br />
#* Adjective<br />
#** {{morphTest|kin{{tag|adj}}|kin}} - fast<br />
#** {{morphTest|sa{{tag|adj}}|sa}} - three<br />
<br />
#* Adverb<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|hiong-hiong}} - abruptly<br />
#** {{morphTest|hiong-hiong{{tag|adv}}|ken-jian}} - unexpectedly<br />
#* Conjunction<br />
# Closed<br />
#* Pronoun <br />
#** {{morphTest|nga{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}|nga}}<br />
#* Particle <br />
#** {{morphTest|da{{tag|vaux}}|da}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Morphological Analysis ==<br />
<br />
=== Size prefixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Nominalizer suffixes ===<br />
Three nominalizer suffixes can be attached to verbs to form nouns. Not all verbs can take three suffixes.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Adjectivizer suffixes ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reduplicaiton ===<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Color Ideophones ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grammar documentation]] [[category:sp22_GrammarDocumentation]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Hokkien&diff=16326Hokkien2022-02-17T12:53:04Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "=== External Resources === ==== Computational Resources ==== [https://www.stars21.com/translator/english_to_taiwanese.html Taiwanese Translation Software] * Software that tra..."</p>
<hr />
<div>=== External Resources ===<br />
<br />
==== Computational Resources ====<br />
[https://www.stars21.com/translator/english_to_taiwanese.html Taiwanese Translation Software]<br />
* Software that translates Taiwanese to English and vice versa<br />
<br />
==== Dictionaries ====<br />
<br />
[https://www.mkdict.net/ Taiwanese Dictionary Online]<br />
* An English-to-Taiwanese dictionary website<br />
<br />
[https://twblg.dict.edu.tw/holodict_new/ Dictionary of Frequently used Taiwan Minnan]<br />
* A dictionary of the most frequently used words in Taiwanese translated to English and was created by Taiwan's National Ministry of Education<br />
<br />
[https://omniglot.com/chinese/taiwanese.htm Phonetic Guide to Taiwanese]<br />
* A phonetic glossary guide to Taiwanese pronunciation<br />
<br />
[https://learntaiwanese.org/Beginner's%20Guide%20to%20Taiwanese.html Beginner's Guide to Taiwanese]<br />
* An overview of common phonetics and words in Taiwanese<br />
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==== Grammatical Descriptions ====<br />
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'''Theoretical'''<br />
<br />
[https://www.abebooks.com/Taiwanese-Grammar-Concise-Reference-Paperback-Philip/16923233336/bd Taiwanese Grammar: A Precise Reference]<br />
*book written by a Taiwanese author documenting Taiwanese language grammar <br />
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'''Pædagogical'''<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA5UIoabheFNk9apd1AsoYxK0K4oEQ3h8 Easy Taiwanese Mandarin]<br />
*YouTube channel documenting Taiwanese phrases and Taiwanese culture <br />
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==== Corpora ====<br />
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*pdf of texts<br />
:[http://live.bible.is/bible/NANTTV/MAT/1 Taiwanese Version of the Bible]<br />
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=== Developed Resources ===<br />
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[[category:sp22_ResourceDocumentation]] [[category:Hokkien]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2/Language_selection&diff=16089User:Pzhang2/Language selection2022-02-13T21:47:49Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pair Info ==<br />
<br />
I'll be working with myself.<br />
== Languages of Interest ==<br />
<br />
=== Taiwanese Hokkien ===<br />
==== Morphology ====<br />
Hokkien is primarily an analytic language. It follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure and is a monosyllabic language. One unique thing about Taiwanese Hokkien is that the language is gender neutral. Additionally, it include loan words from Chinese Mandarin and the Southern Min language. The words do not indicate reference to time, gender, and plural by inflection. These concepts are expressed through adverbs, aspect markers, and grammatical particles, or are deduced from context. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 50 million<br />
* Region: Asia (Taiwan, China, Singapore, Malaysia) and United States (spoken as a heritage language)<br />
* Common Languages: Teochew, Southern Min, Cantonese<br />
* Orthography: Peh-Oe-Ji, Bopomofo<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there are translations of Hokkien on the Bible and a dictionary of Hokkien to English created by Maryknoll. <br />
* ISO: zh-tw<br />
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=== Hakka ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Hakka is an analytic language and follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure. It is also a monosyllabic language, and a large number of its syllables are distinguished by tone and final consonant. Both Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka are spoken in Taiwan. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 42.2 million<br />
* Region: Taiwan<br />
* Common Languages: Southern Min, Cantonese, Taiwanese <br />
* Orthography: Phak-fa-su<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there is a Hakka translation of The Little Prince and a Hakka translation for the Bible.<br />
* ISO: hak<br />
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=== Ixil ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Ixil is an agglutinative language and follows the Subject-Object-Verb structure. Ixil is predominantly spoken in three towns in Guatemala. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixil_language Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 70,000 people<br />
* Region: Guatemala, United States<br />
* Common Languages: Mayan, Mam, Teko, Awatek<br />
* Orthography: The Ixil alphabet is based off of latin characters.<br />
* Text availability: Yes<br />
* ISO: ixl<br />
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[[Category:sp22_LanguageSelection]], [[Category:Hokkien]], [[Category:Hakka]], [[Category:Ixil]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2/Language_selection&diff=16088User:Pzhang2/Language selection2022-02-13T19:59:14Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Pair Info ==<br />
<br />
I'll be working with myself.<br />
== Languages of Interest ==<br />
<br />
=== Taiwanese Hokkien ===<br />
==== Morphology ====<br />
Hokkien is primarily an analytic language. It follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure and is a monosyllabic language. One unique thing about Taiwanese Hokkien is that the language is gender neutral. Additionally, it include loan words from Chinese Mandarin and the Southern Min language. The words do not indicate reference to time, gender, and plural by inflection. These concepts are expressed through adverbs, aspect markers, and grammatical particles, or are deduced from context. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 50 million<br />
* Region: Asia (Taiwan, China, Singapore, Malaysia) and United States (spoken as a heritage language)<br />
* Common Languages: Teochew, Southern Min, Cantonese<br />
* Orthography: Peh-Oe-Ji, Bopomofo<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there are translations of Hokkien on the Bible and a dictionary of Hokkien to English created by Maryknoll. <br />
* ISO: zh-tw<br />
<br />
=== Hakka ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Hakka is an analytic language and follows the Subject-Verb-Object structure. It is also a monosyllabic language, and a large number of its syllables are distinguished by tone and final consonant. Both Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka are spoken in Taiwan. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 42.2 million<br />
* Region: Taiwan<br />
* Common Languages: Southern Min, Cantonese, Taiwanese <br />
* Orthography: Phak-fa-su<br />
* Text availability: Yes; there is a Hakka translation of The Little Prince and a Hakka translation for the Bible.<br />
* ISO: hak<br />
<br />
=== Ixil ===<br />
==== Morphology ==== <br />
Ixil is an agglutinative language and follows the Subject-Object-Verb structure. Ixil is predominantly spoken in three towns in Guatemala. <br />
==== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixil_language Basic information] ====<br />
* # speakers: 70,000 people<br />
* Region: Guatemala, United States<br />
* Common Languages: Mayan, Mam, Teko, Awatek<br />
* Orthography: The Ixil alphabet is based off of latin characters.<br />
* Text availability: Yes<br />
* ISO: ixl<br />
[[Category:sp22_LanguageSelection]], [[Category:Hokkien]], [[Category:Hakka]], [[Category:Ixil]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2/Language_selection&diff=15892User:Pzhang2/Language selection2022-02-10T15:28:53Z<p>Pzhang2: </p>
<hr />
<div>The three languages I would like to work on this semester are <br />
<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien<br />
*Taiwanese Hakka<br />
*Ixil</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2/Language_selection&diff=15592User:Pzhang2/Language selection2022-02-04T03:39:18Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "The three languages I would like to work on this semester are *Taiwanese Hokkien *Taiwanese Hakka *Ixil Category:sp22_LanguageSelection, Category:Hokkien, Cate..."</p>
<hr />
<div>The three languages I would like to work on this semester are <br />
<br />
*Taiwanese Hokkien<br />
*Taiwanese Hakka<br />
*Ixil<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp22_LanguageSelection]], [[Category:Hokkien]], [[Category:Hakka]], [[Category:Ixil]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2&diff=15380User:Pzhang22022-02-01T16:10:38Z<p>Pzhang2: created introduction page</p>
<hr />
<div>Hello! <br />
<br />
My name is Pearl (she/her/hers) and I am a junior at Swarthmore studying computer science and educational studies. Outside of class, I enjoy reading books (sci-fi and historical fiction are some of my favorite genres), baking any and every dessert, traveling, coming up with corny chemistry puns, and writing short form essays. <br />
<br />
Some languages I am considering for this class are:<br />
<br />
* Taiwanese (Taigi)<br />
** Hakka (a Taiwanese dialect)<br />
* Indigenous languages <br />
** Natchez<br />
** Cayuse<br />
** Alsea<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp22_students]]</div>Pzhang2http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Pzhang2&diff=15374User:Pzhang22022-02-01T16:07:10Z<p>Pzhang2: Created page with "Hello! My name is Pearl (she/her/hers) and I am a junior at Swarthmore studying computer science and educational studies. Outside of class, I enjoy reading books (sci-fi and..."</p>
<hr />
<div>Hello! <br />
<br />
My name is Pearl (she/her/hers) and I am a junior at Swarthmore studying computer science and educational studies. Outside of class, I enjoy reading books (sci-fi and historical fiction are some of my favorite genres), baking any and every dessert, traveling, coming up with corny chemistry puns, and writing short form essays. <br />
<br />
Some languages I am considering for this class are:<br />
<br />
* Taiwanese (Taigi)<br />
** Hakka (a Taiwanese dialect)<br />
* Indigenous languages <br />
** Natchez<br />
** Cayuse<br />
** Alsea</div>Pzhang2