http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Sjones5&feedformat=atomLING073 - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:41:16ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.27.7http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14707Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T22:53:00Z<p>Sjones5: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation/Solution====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
A large portion of our increase in corpus coverage can be attributed to one of the two following strategies:<br />
* Adding high-frequency stems into the <code>.lexd</code> file.<br />
* Adding common morphological rules (ie. stems) into the <code>.twol</code> file.<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Problems Encountered====<br />
* Limited Resources<br />
As Miskito has only ~140,000 native speakers, there were limited available resources to pull from in the creation of these language tools. Additionally, some of the resources we found were very dated or did not function very well.<br />
* Reliable Information<br />
We were able to make use of a couple of dictionaries and grammar workbooks. However, we found there were inconsistencies between these sources, which caused implementing some components of Miskito to be rather challenging.<br />
* Implementing Morphological Rules<br />
We found it challenging to concretely establish the morphology of Miskito and implement it into our <code>.twol</code> file.<br />
<br />
====Areas to Fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.7008)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14689Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:54:01Z<p>Sjones5: /* Implementation/Solution */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation/Solution====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
A large portion of our increase in corpus coverage can be attributed to one of the two following strategies:<br />
* Adding high-frequency stems into the <code>.lexd</code> file.<br />
* Adding common morphological rules (ie. stems) into the <code>.twol</code> file.<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Problems Encountered====<br />
* Limited Resources<br />
As Miskito has only ~140,000 native speakers, there were limited available resources to pull from in the creation of these language tools. Additionally, some of the resources we found were very dated or did not function very well.<br />
* Reliable Information<br />
We were able to make use of a couple of dictionaries and grammar workbooks. However, we found there were inconsistencies between these sources, which caused implementing some components of Miskito to be rather challenging.<br />
* Implementing Morphological Rules<br />
We found it challenging to concretely establish the morphology of Miskito and implement it into our <code>.twol</code> file.<br />
<br />
====Areas to Fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14686Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:50:27Z<p>Sjones5: /* Problems Encountered */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation/Solution====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Problems Encountered====<br />
* Limited Resources<br />
As Miskito has only ~140,000 native speakers, there were limited available resources to pull from in the creation of these language tools. Additionally, some of the resources we found were very dated or did not function very well.<br />
* Reliable Information<br />
We were able to make use of a couple of dictionaries and grammar workbooks. However, we found there were inconsistencies between these sources, which caused implementing some components of Miskito to be rather challenging.<br />
* Implementing Morphological Rules<br />
We found it challenging to concretely establish the morphology of Miskito and implement it into our <code>.twol</code> file.<br />
<br />
====Areas to Fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14685Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:45:18Z<p>Sjones5: /* Problems Encountered */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation/Solution====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Problems Encountered====<br />
* Limited Resources<br />
As Miskito has only ~140,000 native speakers, there were limited available resources to pull from in the creation of these language tools. Additionally, some of the resources we found were very dated or did not function very well.<br />
* Reliable Information<br />
We were able to make use of a couple of dictionaries and grammar workbooks. However, we found there were inconsistencies between these sources, which caused implementing some components of Miskito to be rather challenging.<br />
* Implementing Morphological Rules<br />
<br />
====Areas to Fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14684Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:40:54Z<p>Sjones5: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation/Solution====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Problems Encountered====<br />
As Miskito has only ~140,000 native speakers, there were limited available resources to pull from in the creation of these language tools. We were able to make use of a couple of dictionaries and grammar workbooks. However, we found there were inconsistencies between these sources, which caused implementing some components of Miskito to be rather challenging.<br />
<br />
====Areas to Fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14683Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:34:42Z<p>Sjones5: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Areas to fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14682Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:34:24Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. <br />
<br />
====Implementation====<br />
For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
With just a combined set of around 230 nouns and verbs, we achieved an impressive amount of coverage detailed below.<br />
<br />
====Areas to fix====<br />
* Full coverage of possessive noun morphology<br />
* Adjective morphology<br />
<br />
==Developed Resources==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
We were able to attain this increase in overall coverage by using two strategies:<br />
# Adding stems for high-frequency words<br />
# Implementing morphological rules (ie. tenses)<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]] [[Category:Miskito]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14680Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:23:30Z<p>Sjones5: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester, we've worked on developing a rule based machine translation (RBMT) system for Miskito utilizing apertium resources. For our final project we decided to focus on our monolingual transducer and improve it as much as possible. Specifically, we directed our attention to the .lexd and .twol files to encode grammatical generalizations. We managed to implement a large range of morphological analysis for our language.<br />
<br />
* Verb tense morphology<br />
** Absolute Past<br />
** Present<br />
** Present Progressive<br />
** Absolute Future<br />
** Future<br />
* Irregular Verb Morphology<br />
* Negation in the present tense<br />
* Possessive Noun morphology<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601<br />
<br />
We were able to attain this increase in overall coverage by using two strategies:<br />
# Adding stems for high-frequency words<br />
# Implementing morphological rules (ie. tenses)</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14678Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:21:19Z<p>Sjones5: /* Final Corpus Coverage */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
====Final Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14677Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:21:06Z<p>Sjones5: /* Initial Corpus Coverage */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
====Initial Corpus Coverage====<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
=Final Corpus Coverage=<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14676Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:20:49Z<p>Sjones5: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage. Below is our reported results.<br />
<br />
=Initial Corpus Coverage=<br />
* Coverage: 3873 / 7569 (~0.51169242964724534285)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 3696<br />
<br />
=Final Corpus Coverage=<br />
* Coverage: 5987 / 7588 (~0.78900896151818661044)<br />
* Remaining unknown forms: 1601</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14675Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:17:36Z<p>Sjones5: /* Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]<br />
<br />
To evaluate our progress, we used the metric <code>coverage-hfst</code> to record our overall corpus coverage.</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14674Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:15:41Z<p>Sjones5: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-corpus Corpus Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Keyboard Miskito Keyboard]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Grammar Grammar Documentation]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Transducer Miskito Transducer]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito/Disambiguation Disambiguation wiki]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English Miskito and English Wiki Page]<br />
* [https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miskito to English Apertium Language Pair Repo]<br />
* [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar Contrastive Grammars wiki]<br />
* [https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
We expanded our morphological analyzer's capabilities by adding in<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14673Miskito/Final project2021-05-20T18:13:01Z<p>Sjones5: /* Developed Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
Over the course of the semester<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
<br />
[https://github.com/shanecjones1999/miq-morph-analyzer Link to the code for our morphological analyzer]<br />
<br />
==Evaluation==<br />
<br />
[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito/Final_project&diff=14620Miskito/Final project2021-05-19T19:54:34Z<p>Sjones5: Created page with "Category:sp21_FinalProjects"</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:sp21_FinalProjects]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Structural_transfer&diff=14383Miskito and English/Structural transfer2021-05-12T18:09:57Z<p>Sjones5: /* Post-Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Pre-Evaluation=<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_StructuralTransfer]][[Category:Miskito]][[Category:English]]<br />
<br />
Test file: 'miq-eng.tests.txt'<br />
Reference file '../ling073-miq-eng-corpus/eng.tests.txt'<br />
<br />
Statistics about input files<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 17<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 15<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 66.67 %<br />
<br />
Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Results when unknown-word marks (stars) are not removed<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
<br />
Word Error Rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Statistics about the translation of unknown words<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words which were free rides: 0<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words that were free rides: 0.00 %<br />
<br />
=Example Sentences=<br />
==Plural Nouns==<br />
(miq) Yang bîp nani kaikri. | (eng) I saw the cows.<br />
<br />
====Tagger====<br />
^Yang<prn><p1>$ ^bîp<n>$ ^nani<det><pl>$ ^kaikaia<v><past><p1>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
====Lex====<br />
^Yang<prn><p1>/Prpers<prn><CD><p1><mf><sg>$ ^bîp<n>/cow<n>$ ^nani<det><pl>/$ ^kaikaia<v><past><p1>/see<vblex><past><p1>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
==== Transfer ==== <br />
^Prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^cow<n><pl>$ ^see<vblex><past><p1>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
==== Biltrans ==== <br />
^Yang<prn><p1>/Prpers<prn><CD><p1><mf><sg>$ ^bîp<n>/cow<n>$ ^nani<det><pl>/$ ^kaikaia<v><past><p1>/see<vblex><past><p1>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
====Miq-Eng====<br />
Me cows #see.<br />
<br />
==Plural Pronouns==<br />
(miq) Witin nani pain sa. | (eng) They are good.<br />
====Tagger====<br />
^Witin<prn><p3>$ ^nani<det><pl>$ ^pain<adj>$ ^kaia<vkaia><pres><p3>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
====Lex====<br />
^Witin<prn><p3>/Prpers<prn><CD><p3><sg>$ ^nani<det><pl>/$ ^pain<adj>/good<adj>$ ^kaia<vkaia><pres><p3>/be<vbser><pres><p3>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
==== Transfer ====<br />
^Prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><pl>$ ^good<adj>$ ^be<vbser><pres><p3>$^.<sent>$^.<sent>$<br />
==== Biltrans ==== <br />
^Witin<prn><p3>/Prpers<prn><CD><p3><sg>$ ^nani<det><pl>/$ ^pain<adj>/good<adj>$ ^kaia<vkaia><pres><p3>/be<vbser><pres><p3>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$<br />
==== Miq-Eng ====<br />
Them #good #be.<br />
<br />
=Post-Evaluation=<br />
<br />
Test file: 'miq-eng.tests.txt'<br />
Reference file '../ling073-miq-eng-corpus/eng.tests.txt'<br />
<br />
Statistics about input files<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 41<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 38<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 3<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 7.89 %<br />
<br />
Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 35<br />
Word error rate (WER): 85.37 %<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 14<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 65.85 %<br />
<br />
Results when unknown-word marks (stars) are not removed<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 35<br />
Word Error Rate (WER): 85.37 %<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 14<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 65.85 %<br />
<br />
Statistics about the translation of unknown words<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of unknown words which were free rides: 0<br />
Percentage of unknown words that were free rides: 0.00 %</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Structural_transfer&diff=14276Miskito and English/Structural transfer2021-05-06T18:11:16Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>=Pre-Evaluation=<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_StructuralTransfer]][[Category:Miskito]][[Category:English]]<br />
<br />
Test file: 'miq-eng.tests.txt'<br />
Reference file '../ling073-miq-eng-corpus/eng.tests.txt'<br />
<br />
Statistics about input files<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Number of words in reference: 17<br />
<br />
Number of words in test: 15<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 66.67 %<br />
<br />
Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Results when unknown-word marks (stars) are not removed<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
<br />
Word Error Rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Statistics about the translation of unknown words<br />
<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
Number of unknown words which were free rides: 0<br />
<br />
Percentage of unknown words that were free rides: 0.00 %</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=14244Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-05-04T19:20:41Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 3 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice), plentiful<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| Rais pain ba maisa sa. || Good quality rice is highly productive.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
* If the sentence mentions words related to quantity, it refers to plentiful.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Daiwan tnawira nani ba wihka pâlaia sip sa. || The birds fly far.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
===Case 3===<br />
ra - in, on, at<br />
<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| John rum ra sa. || John is in the room.<br />
|-<br />
| Buk ba tibil ra sa. || The book is on the table.<br />
|-<br />
| Mairin ba dur ra sa. || The woman is at the door.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct.<br />
* We can assume ''ra'' translates to ''in'' except for other edge cases.<br />
* If the sentence has has ''table'', translate to ''on''.<br />
* If the sentence has ''door'', translate to ''at''.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=14243Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-05-04T19:20:18Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 3 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice), plentiful<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| Rais pain ba maisa sa. || Good quality rice is highly productive.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
* If the sentence mentions words related to quantity, it refers to plentiful.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Daiwan tnawira nani ba wihka pâlaia sip sa. || The birds fly far.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
===Case 3===<br />
ra - in, on, at<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| John rum ra sa. || John is in the room.<br />
|-<br />
| Buk ba tibil ra sa. || The book is on the table.<br />
|-<br />
| Mairin ba dur ra sa. || The woman is at the door.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* We can assume ra translates to in except for other edge cases.<br />
* If the sentence has has ''table'', translate to ''on''.<br />
* If the sentence has ''door'', translate to ''at''.<br />
<br />
Code<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=14239Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-05-04T19:16:11Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 3 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice), plentiful<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| Rais pain ba maisa sa. || Good quality rice is highly productive.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
* If the sentence mentions words related to quantity, it refers to plentiful.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Daiwan tnawira nani ba wihka pâlaia sip sa. || The birds fly far.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
===Case 3===<br />
ra - in, on, at<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| John rum ra sa. || John is in the room.<br />
|-<br />
| Buk ba tibil ra sa. || The book is on the table.<br />
|-<br />
| Mairin ba dur ra sa. || The woman is at the door.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* We can assume ''ra'' translates to ''in'' except for other edge cases.<br />
* If the sentence has has ''table'', translate to ''on''.<br />
* If the sentence has ''door'', translate to ''at''.<br />
<br />
Code<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=14238Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-05-04T19:14:43Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 3 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice), plentiful<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| Rais pain ba maisa sa. || Good quality rice is highly productive.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
* If the sentence mentions words related to quantity, it refers to plentiful.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Daiwan tnawira nani ba wihka pâlaia sip sa. || The birds fly far.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
===Case 3===<br />
ra - in, on, at<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| John rum ra sa. || John is in the room.<br />
|-<br />
| Buk ba tibil ra sa. || The book is on the table.<br />
|-<br />
| Mairin ba dur ra sa. || The woman is at the door.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
* We can assume ''ra'' translates to ''in'' except for other edge cases.<br />
* If the sentence has has ''table'', translate to ''on''.<br />
* If the sentence has ''door'', translate to ''at''.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Structural_transfer&diff=14044Miskito and English/Structural transfer2021-04-29T19:16:56Z<p>Sjones5: /* Pre-Evaluation */</p>
<hr />
<div>=Pre-Evaluation=<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_StructuralTransfer]][[Category:Miskito]][[Category:English]]<br />
<br />
Test file: 'miq-eng.tests.txt'<br />
Reference file '../ling073-miq-eng-corpus/eng.tests.txt'<br />
<br />
Statistics about input files<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of words in reference: 17<br />
Number of words in test: 15<br />
Number of unknown words (marked with a star) in test: 10<br />
Percentage of unknown words: 66.67 %<br />
<br />
Results when removing unknown-word marks (stars)<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
Word error rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Results when unknown-word marks (stars) are not removed<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Edit distance: 16<br />
Word Error Rate (WER): 94.12 %<br />
Number of position-independent correct words: 1<br />
Position-independent word error rate (PER): 94.12 %<br />
<br />
Statistics about the translation of unknown words<br />
-------------------------------------------------------<br />
Number of unknown words which were free rides: 0<br />
Percentage of unknown words that were free rides: 0.00 %</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=14013Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:45:57Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
Miskito is an SOV language, so the object phrase always follows the noun phrase and generally precedes the verb phrase (there are some exceptions). In contrast, English is an SVO language.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
In Miskito, adjectives come between the subject and the determiner. This is the reverse in English.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
Unlike English, first person verbs can stand alone to make a grammatically correct sentence.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word ''nani'' after the noun. In contrast, English creates plurals by adding ''s'' to the end of nouns.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
===Possessives===<br />
Posession in Miskito modifies the possessed noun with a suffix. Whereas in English, possession is marked on the possessor.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| man araskam| Your horse}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| man{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}} araskam{{tag|n}}{{tag|px2sg}}| your{{tag|det}}{{tag|px2sg}} horse{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=14011Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:44:21Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
Miskito is an SOV language, so the object phrase always follows the noun phrase and generally precedes the verb phrase (there are some exceptions). In contrast, English is an SVO language.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
In Miskito, adjectives come between the subject and the determiner. This is the reverse in English.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
Unlike English, first person verbs can stand alone to make a grammatically correct sentence.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word ''nani'' after the noun. In contrast, English creates plurals by adding ''s'' to the end of nouns.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
===Possessives===<br />
Posession in Miskito modifies the possessed noun with a suffix. Whereas in English, possession is marked on the possessor.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| man araskam| Your horse}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| man{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}} araskam{{tag|n}}{{tag|px2sg}}| your{{tag|det}}{{tag|px2sg}} horse{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13999Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:39:56Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
Miskito is an SOV language, so the object phrase always follows the noun phrase and generally precedes the verb phrase (there are some exceptions). In contrast, English is an SVO language.<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word ''nani'' after the noun. In contrast, English creates plurals by adding ''s'' to the end of nouns.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
===Possessives===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| man araskam| Your horse}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| man{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}} araskam{{tag|n}}{{tag|px2sg}}| your{{tag|det}}{{tag|px2sg}} horse{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13994Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:38:21Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
Miskito is an SOV language, so the object phrase always follows the noun phrase and generally precedes the verb phrase (there are some exceptions). In contrast, English is an SVO language.<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word ''nani'' after the noun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
===Possessives===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| man araskam| Your horse}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| man{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}} araskam{{tag|n}}{{tag|px2sg}}| your{{tag|det}}{{tag|px2sg}} horse{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13990Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:37:17Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
In Miskito, plurality is created by adding the word ''nani'' after the noun.<br />
<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Possessives===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| man araskam| Your horse}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| man{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p2}} araskam{{tag|n}}{{tag|px2sg}}| your{{tag|det}}{{tag|px2sg}} horse{{tag|n}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13980Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:29:10Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras nani ba| The horses}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13979Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:28:26Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13976Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:26:25Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
* luhpia<n><pl><def><dst>|luhpia nani ba}} : the children{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13974Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:23:11Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|def}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13968Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:13:41Z<p>Sjones5: /* Plurals */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|det}}{{tag|pl}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13967Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:12:59Z<p>Sjones5: /* Plurals */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|pl}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13966Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:12:37Z<p>Sjones5: /* Plurals */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|pl}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|prx}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13965Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-29T18:12:22Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq-Eng tests */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== Miq-Eng tests == <br />
<br />
===Object Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|Yang wal wîna kalila piras.| I do not eat meat and chicken}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|yang{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} wîna{{tag|n}} kalila{{tag|n}} piras{{tag|v}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|neg}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} eat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pres}} meat{{tag|n}} and{{tag|cnjcoo}}}} chicken{{tag|n}}<br />
<br />
===Adjective Order===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng|aras ba sirpi sa| The horse is small}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng|aras{{tag|n}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|dst}} sirpi{{tag|adj}} kaia{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}} | The{{tag|det}} horse {{tag|n}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} small{{tag|adj}}}}<br />
<br />
===Subject Deletion===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| wapri| I walked}} <br />
*: {{transferMorphTest|miq|eng| wapri{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}} | I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p1}} walked{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}}}<br />
<br />
===Plurals===<br />
* {{transferTest|miq|eng| Aras{{tag|n}} nani{{tag|pl}} ba{{tag|det}}{{tag|prx}} | The{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}} horses{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13721Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-22T18:45:16Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq → Eng */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice), plentiful<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| Rais pain ba maisa sa. || Good quality rice is highly productive.<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
* If the sentence mentions words related to quantity, it refers to plentiful.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| miq 1 || eng 1<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13714Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-22T18:41:04Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| miq 1 || eng 1<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13713Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-22T18:40:52Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq → Eng */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| miq 1 || eng 1<br />
|-<br />
| miq 2 || eng 2<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13712Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-22T18:40:20Z<p>Sjones5: /* Miq → Eng */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa. || People fasten their skirts along their waistline.<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13710Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-22T18:38:24Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Miq → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences: La gente se sujeta la faja en la cintura.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''Upla ba ai maisara bilk wilkisa.''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Contrastive_Grammar&diff=13708Miskito and English/Contrastive Grammar2021-04-22T18:37:46Z<p>Sjones5: Created page with "== Grammatical Differences == == miq-eng tests == Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars Category: Miskito Category: English"</p>
<hr />
<div>== Grammatical Differences == <br />
<br />
== miq-eng tests == <br />
<br />
[[Category:Sp21_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category: English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English&diff=13702Miskito and English2021-04-22T18:30:18Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Miskito]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp21_TranslationPairs]]<br />
<br />
===Corpus Coverage===<br />
Monolingual coverage: 52 / 116 (~0.44827586206896551724)<br />
<br />
Bilingual coverage: coverage: 37 / 118 (~0.31355932203389830508)<br />
<br />
===Sentence Analysis===<br />
Sentence 1<br />
* Intended: I don’t eat meat and chicken.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I not #meat #chicken *piras.<br />
* Miskito: Yang wal wîna kalila piras.<br />
<br />
Sentence 2<br />
* Intended: I’m allergic to mangos.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *siknes *brisna *mango.<br />
* Miskito: Yang siknes brisna mango.<br />
<br />
Sentence 3<br />
* Intended: Hello, excuse me. How much is a room?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Monin, *escyusa #you. *Dia *pries *brisma #room #night *kumi ?<br />
* Miskito: Monin, escyusa man. Dia pries brisma cuartocana timia kumi?<br />
<br />
Sentence 4<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to sleep?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Manuapo *ansara #place *barsara *yapaya?<br />
* Miskito: Manuapo ansara pleiski barsara yapaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 5<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to wash clothes ?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Nara *pleis *kum *apo *cuala *tuskaya?<br />
* Miskito: Nara pleis kum apo cuala tuskaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 6<br />
* Intended: Tomorrow, I will stay at this lovely hotel.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *yauhka *takash *keisna *naha *hotel *pain.<br />
* Miskito: Yang yauhka takash keisna naha hotel pain.<br />
<br />
Sentence 7<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to rent bikes?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Pleeskum *barsekei *baisikil *rin *monaya?<br />
* Miskito: Pleeskum barsekei baisikil rin monaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 8<br />
* Intended: What are you doing tonight?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Dia *dow *keisma *na #night.<br />
* Miskito: Dia dow keisma na timia.<br />
<br />
Sentence 9<br />
* Intended: What do you think of the government?<br />
* Lexical transfer: #You *dia *lukisma *naho *gabament?<br />
* Miskito: Man dia lukisma naho gabament?<br />
<br />
Sentence 10<br />
* Intended: Today is Friday.<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Naiwa *lika *praidi.<br />
* Miskito: Naiwa lika praidi.<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miq-Eng Lexican transfer repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq Miq transducer repo]<br />
*[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng apertium-eng repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng-corpus Corpus repo]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English&diff=13691Miskito and English2021-04-22T18:26:49Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Miskito]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp21_TranslationPairs]]<br />
<br />
===Corpus Coverage===<br />
Monolingual coverage: 52 / 116 (~0.44827586206896551724)<br />
<br />
Bilingual coverage: <br />
<br />
===Sentence Analysis===<br />
Sentence 1<br />
* Intended: I don’t eat meat and chicken.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I not #meat #chicken *piras.<br />
* Miskito: Yang wal wîna kalila piras.<br />
<br />
Sentence 2<br />
* Intended: I’m allergic to mangos.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *siknes *brisna *mango.<br />
* Miskito: Yang siknes brisna mango.<br />
<br />
Sentence 3<br />
* Intended: Hello, excuse me. How much is a room?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Monin, *escyusa #you. *Dia *pries *brisma #room #night *kumi ?<br />
* Miskito: Monin, escyusa man. Dia pries brisma cuartocana timia kumi?<br />
<br />
Sentence 4<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to sleep?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Manuapo *ansara #place *barsara *yapaya?<br />
* Miskito: Manuapo ansara pleiski barsara yapaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 5<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to wash clothes ?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Nara *pleis *kum *apo *cuala *tuskaya?<br />
* Miskito: Nara pleis kum apo cuala tuskaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 6<br />
* Intended: Tomorrow, I will stay at this lovely hotel.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *yauhka *takash *keisna *naha *hotel *pain.<br />
* Miskito: Yang yauhka takash keisna naha hotel pain.<br />
<br />
Sentence 7<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to rent bikes?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Pleeskum *barsekei *baisikil *rin *monaya?<br />
* Miskito: Pleeskum barsekei baisikil rin monaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 8<br />
* Intended: What are you doing tonight?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Dia *dow *keisma *na #night.<br />
* Miskito: Dia dow keisma na timia.<br />
<br />
Sentence 9<br />
* Intended: What do you think of the government?<br />
* Lexical transfer: #You *dia *lukisma *naho *gabament?<br />
* Miskito: Man dia lukisma naho gabament?<br />
<br />
Sentence 10<br />
* Intended: Today is Friday.<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Naiwa *lika *praidi.<br />
* Miskito: Naiwa lika praidi.<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miq-Eng Lexican transfer repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq Miq transducer repo]<br />
*[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng apertium-eng repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng-corpus Corpus repo]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English&diff=13647Miskito and English2021-04-21T21:34:28Z<p>Sjones5: /* Sentence Analysis */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Miskito]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp21_TranslationPairs]]<br />
<br />
===Sentence Analysis===<br />
Sentence 1<br />
* Intended: I don’t eat meat and chicken.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I not #meat #chicken *piras.<br />
* Miskito: Yang wal wîna kalila piras.<br />
<br />
Sentence 2<br />
* Intended: I’m allergic to mangos.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *siknes *brisna *mango.<br />
* Miskito: Yang siknes brisna mango.<br />
<br />
Sentence 3<br />
* Intended: Hello, excuse me. How much is a room?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Monin, *escyusa #you. *Dia *pries *brisma #room #night *kumi ?<br />
* Miskito: Monin, escyusa man. Dia pries brisma cuartocana timia kumi?<br />
<br />
Sentence 4<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to sleep?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Manuapo *ansara #place *barsara *yapaya?<br />
* Miskito: Manuapo ansara pleiski barsara yapaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 5<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to wash clothes ?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Nara *pleis *kum *apo *cuala *tuskaya?<br />
* Miskito: Nara pleis kum apo cuala tuskaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 6<br />
* Intended: Tomorrow, I will stay at this lovely hotel.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *yauhka *takash *keisna *naha *hotel *pain.<br />
* Miskito: Yang yauhka takash keisna naha hotel pain.<br />
<br />
Sentence 7<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to rent bikes?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Pleeskum *barsekei *baisikil *rin *monaya?<br />
* Miskito: Pleeskum barsekei baisikil rin monaya?<br />
<br />
Sentence 8<br />
* Intended: What are you doing tonight?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Dia *dow *keisma *na #night.<br />
* Miskito: Dia dow keisma na timia.<br />
<br />
Sentence 9<br />
* Intended: What do you think of the government?<br />
* Lexical transfer: #You *dia *lukisma *naho *gabament?<br />
* Miskito: Man dia lukisma naho gabament?<br />
<br />
Sentence 10<br />
* Intended: Today is Friday.<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Naiwa *lika *praidi.<br />
* Miskito: Naiwa lika praidi.<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miq-Eng Lexican transfer repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq Miq transducer repo]<br />
*[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng apertium-eng repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng-corpus Corpus repo]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13618Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-20T19:08:14Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 2 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tiw → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence mentions an aircraft, translate to 'to fly'. Otherwise, translate to 'to get angry'.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13617Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-20T19:07:02Z<p>Sjones5: /* Case 1 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tiw → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
* If the sentence contains foods that grow when cooking or heating, it refers to that. Otherwise, it refers to waistline.<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English&diff=13615Miskito and English2021-04-20T19:04:23Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Miskito]]<br />
[[Category:English]]<br />
[[Category:Sp21_TranslationPairs]]<br />
<br />
===Sentence Analysis===<br />
1<br />
* Intended: I don’t eat meat and chicken.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I not #meat #chicken *piras.<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
2<br />
* Intended: I’m allergic to mangos.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *siknes *brisna *mango.<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
3<br />
* Intended: Hello, excuse me. How much is a room?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Monin, *escyusa #you. *Dia *pries *brisma #room #night *kumi ?<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
4<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to sleep?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Manuapo *ansara #place *barsara *yapaya?<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
5<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to wash clothes ?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Nara *pleis *kum *apo *cuala *tuskaya?<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
6<br />
* Intended: Tomorrow, I will stay at this lovely hotel.<br />
* Lexical transfer: #I *yauhka *takash *keisna *naha *hotel *pain.<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
7<br />
* Intended: Is there a place to rent bikes?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Pleeskum *barsekei *baisikil *rin *monaya?<br />
* Miskito: <br />
<br />
8<br />
* Intended: What are you doing tonight?<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Dia *dow *keisma *na #night.<br />
* Miskito:<br />
<br />
9<br />
* Intended: What do you think of the government?<br />
* Lexical transfer: #You *dia *lukisma *naho *gabament ?<br />
* Miskito:<br />
<br />
10<br />
* Intended: Today is Friday.<br />
* Lexical transfer: *Naiwa *lika *praidi.<br />
* Miskito:<br />
<br />
===Developed Resources===<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng Miq-Eng Lexican transfer repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq Miq transducer repo]<br />
*[https://github.com/apertium/apertium-eng apertium-eng repo]<br />
*[https://github.swarthmore.edu/Ling073-sp21/ling073-miq-eng-corpus Corpus repo]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13596Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-20T04:43:00Z<p>Sjones5: /* Tiw → Eng */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tiw → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
Generalization for determining which translation is correct:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13595Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-20T04:36:33Z<p>Sjones5: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Tiw → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
Example sentences:<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=Miskito_and_English/Lexical_selection&diff=13594Miskito and English/Lexical selection2021-04-20T04:34:37Z<p>Sjones5: /* Tiw → Eng */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Tiw → Eng ==<br />
===Case 1===<br />
maisa - waistline, food that grows after boiling/cooking (like rice)<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Case 2===<br />
pâlaia - to fly, to get angry<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Miskito Sentence !! English Translation<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 1''' || '''eng 1'''<br />
|-<br />
| '''miq 2''' || '''eng 2'''<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[ Category:Sp21_LexicalSelection ]] [[Category: Miskito]] [[Category:English]]</div>Sjones5