Contrastive grammar - Revision history

Jwashin1: /* The assignment */

2026-03-31T14:01:51Z

‎The assignment

Jwashin1: /* Contrastive grammar */

2026-03-31T14:00:59Z

‎Contrastive grammar

Jwashin1: /* Contrastive grammar */

2026-03-31T14:00:36Z

‎Contrastive grammar

Jwashin1: /* Contrastive grammar */ 2026

2026-03-31T13:59:53Z

‎Contrastive grammar: 2026

Jwashin1: /* What to focus on */

2025-04-08T00:52:48Z

‎What to focus on

Jwashin1: /* The assignment */

2025-04-08T00:47:59Z

‎The assignment

Jwashin1: /* The examples above using templates */

2023-04-11T13:52:41Z

‎The examples above using templates

Jwashin1: /* The examples above using templates */

2023-04-11T13:52:30Z

‎The examples above using templates

Jwashin1: /* The examples above using templates */

2023-04-11T13:52:11Z

‎The examples above using templates

Jwashin1: /* How to approach identifying linguistic differences */

2023-04-11T13:50:08Z

‎How to approach identifying linguistic differences

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 == The assignment ==
-This assignment is due at the end of the 11th week of class (this semester: '''Friday, April 11th, 2025 at 23:59''', i.e., by midnight)
+This assignment is due at the end of the 11th week of class (this semester: '''Friday, April 9th, 2026 at 23:59''', i.e., by midnight)
 === Contrastive grammar ===

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 === Contrastive grammar ===
-# '''Create a page on the wiki''' named "LanguageX and LanguageY/Contrastive Grammar".  Add it to [[:Category:Sp26_ContrastiveGrammars]] and the categories for the two languages.  Add a link to the page under "Developed resources" on the main page.
+# '''Create a page on the wiki''' named "{{rainbow|LanguageX}} and {{rainbow|LanguageY}}/Contrastive Grammar".  Add it to [[:Category:Sp26_ContrastiveGrammars]] and the categories for the two languages.  Add a link to the page under "Developed resources" on the main page.
 # Using the ten sentences with all stems translated from the [[lexical transfer]] assignment, '''identify at least five differences''' between the two languages, trying to cover a range of phenomena (e.g., don't make everything about nouns).
 #* These can be anything where the analyses of equivalent phrases look different when the roots are ignored: i.e., differences in tags used (will appear as <code>#</code> in full pipeline output), differences in basic word order, etc.  It can also be where a word is added (e.g., adding a definite article in English where one doesn't occur in another language) or where a tag determines a new word (e.g., a negative morpheme on a verb being realised as "not" in English).

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 # '''Document these differences''' on the wiki.
 #* You'll want on the order of '''two or three examples''' of each grammatical difference.
-#* '''Make a section''' on the Contrastive Grammar page for "xyz-abc tests"
+#* '''Make a section''' on the Contrastive Grammar page for "{{rainbow|xyz}}-{{rainbow|abc}} tests"
-#** If you're doing two-way translation (i.e., you've joined forces with another group and each half of the group is working on a separate direction), then also add a section called "abc-xyz tests".  In this case, each section will have equivalent tests, but in opposite directions.
+#** If you're doing two-way translation (i.e., you've joined forces with another group and each half of the group is working on a separate direction), then also add a section called "{{rainbow|abc}}-{{rainbow|xyz}} tests".  In this case, each section will have equivalent tests, but in opposite directions.
 #* '''Use the [[Template:TransferMorphTest|TransferMorphTest]] and [[Template:TransferTest|TransferTest]] templates'''.  For each example, use both templates.  The use of these templates is demonstrated above and on the [[Transfer rules]] page.  You'll scrape the content of these templates into a file later for testing, so make sure to use them correctly!
 [[Category:Assignments]]
 [[Category:Contrastive grammar]]

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 === Contrastive grammar ===
-# '''Create a page on the wiki''' named "LanguageX and LanguageY/Contrastive Grammar".  Add it to [[:Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]] and the categories for the two languages.  Add a link to the page under "Developed resources" on the main page.
+# '''Create a page on the wiki''' named "LanguageX and LanguageY/Contrastive Grammar".  Add it to [[:Category:Sp26_ContrastiveGrammars]] and the categories for the two languages.  Add a link to the page under "Developed resources" on the main page.
 # Using the ten sentences with all stems translated from the [[lexical transfer]] assignment, '''identify at least five differences''' between the two languages, trying to cover a range of phenomena (e.g., don't make everything about nouns).
 #* These can be anything where the analyses of equivalent phrases look different when the roots are ignored: i.e., differences in tags used (will appear as <code>#</code> in full pipeline output), differences in basic word order, etc.  It can also be where a word is added (e.g., adding a definite article in English where one doesn't occur in another language) or where a tag determines a new word (e.g., a negative morpheme on a verb being realised as "not" in English).

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 * any difference in how tags are used, including how they have to agree between words.
 : An example of this might be subject-verb agreement, or gender agreement between adjectives and nouns.  Any type of grammatical marking in one language but not another is fair game.
-: But don't worry about subcategorisation, like transitivity in verbs or gender in nouns.  (Note that in many languages of Europe, gender constitutes subcategory tags for nouns, but grammatical tags for adjectives.)
+: But don't worry about subcategorisation, like transitivity in verbs or gender in nouns.  (Note that in many languages with noun classes, such as "gender" systems, these classes constitute subcategory tags for nouns, but grammatical tags for adjectives.)
 == The assignment ==

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 * {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je l'ai vu|Yo lo vi}} ("I saw it.")
-*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}}$ le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}+avoir{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} voir{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|prc_past}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} ver{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}}+avoir{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} voir{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|prc_past}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} ver{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ifi}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 * {{transferTest|tur|eng|yiyemeyeceğim|I won't be able to eat it}}

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 * {{transferTest|fra|spa|Je le mangerai|Yo lo comeré}} ("I'll eat it.")
 *: {{transferMorphTest|fra|spa|je{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} le{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} manger{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|yo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} lo{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|acc}} comer{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 * {{transferTest|tur|eng|yiyemeyeceğim|I won't be able to eat it}}

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 === How to approach identifying linguistic differences ===
 * The last step we'll be implementing in our RBMT pipeline is '''structural transfer''', where we can adjust the output of lexical transfer and lexical selection.  We can adjust (change, add, subtract) tags and the order of words and phrases.
-* Start by comparing the current output of your translation system to the ideal output.  Focus on words marked with <code>#</code> in the output and words in the wrong order.
+* Start by '''comparing the current output of your translation system to the ideal output'''.  Focus on words marked with <code>#</code> in the output and words in the wrong order.  If you don't have many issues like this because your languages are similar, try looking at the output of a large corpus (e.g., Wikipedia or Bible translation) to identify such things.
-* For a given way of expressing the same thing (a translation, or equivalent sentence), find differences in the parse (tags or order generated versus expected), ignoring the content of the lexical items.
+* For a given way of expressing the same thing (a translation, or equivalent sentence), '''find differences in the parse''' (tags or order generated versus expected), ignoring the content of the lexical items.
-* I.e., make sure a given full version of the sentence in each language is tagged correctly and otherwise translates correctly (has correct analysis, disambiguation, lexical transfer, and lexical selection), and then compare the output of the <code>lex</code> mode to the desired analysis to be generated (e.g., by running the correct translation through that language's transducer).
+* I.e., make sure a given full version of the sentence in each language is tagged correctly and otherwise translates correctly (has correct analysis, disambiguation, lexical transfer, and lexical selection), and then '''compare the output of the <code>lex</code> mode''' to the desired analysis to be generated (e.g., by running the correct translation through that language's transducer).
 === What constitutes a linguistic difference for structural transfer ===