English and Nivkh/Contrastive Grammar - Revision history

Glee2: /* Case endings as prepositions */

2019-04-16T14:23:58Z

‎Case endings as prepositions

Glee2: /* SVO */

2019-04-16T14:23:22Z

‎SVO

Glee2: /* Relative Clauses */

2019-04-16T14:22:42Z

‎Relative Clauses

Glee2: /* Relative Clauses */

2019-04-16T13:35:51Z

‎Relative Clauses

Glee2: /* SVO */

2019-04-16T13:35:16Z

‎SVO

Jwashin1 at 20:37, 15 April 2019

2019-04-15T20:37:23Z

Dcharte1: /* Case endings as prepositions */

2019-04-14T18:36:20Z

‎Case endings as prepositions

Dcharte1 at 18:36, 14 April 2019

2019-04-14T18:36:02Z

Glee2: /* Case endings as prepositions */

2019-04-10T23:29:37Z

‎Case endings as prepositions

Glee2: /* Case endings as prepositions */

2019-04-10T23:24:52Z

‎Case endings as prepositions

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ==== Case endings as prepositions ====
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with the spear.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}} ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}}+ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}+кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 [[Category:Nivkh]]
 [[Category:English]]
 [[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]]

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==== SVO ====
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} оола{{tag|n}} ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+оола{{tag|n}}+ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} ӈафӄ{{tag|n}} за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}}+ӈафӄ{{tag|n}}+за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 ==== Case endings as prepositions ====

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ==== Relative Clauses ====
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|нивхӄʼатумгу пʼудь.|the woman who scolded the man went out.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}} ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}}+ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}+умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|ытык пʼызнивхордь.|father met the man who had called him.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}} ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} нивх{{tag|n}} ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}}+ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}+нивх{{tag|n}}+ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}}
 ==== Converbs end with "-ing" in english ====

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|нивх{{tag|n}} ӽат{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} умгу{{tag|n}} пʼу{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} scold{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} go out{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|ытык пʼызнивхордь.|father met the man who had called him.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|ref}} ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} нивх{{tag|n}} ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|ытык{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}} ыз{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}} нивх{{tag|n}} ор{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} meet{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|past}} call{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|sg}}.{{tag|sent}}}}
 ==== Converbs end with "-ing" in english ====

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==== SVO ====
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|умгу леп пʼоолаардь.|the woman fed her child bread.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}} оола{{tag|n}} ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|умгу{{tag|n}} леп{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} оола{{tag|n}} ар{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} fed{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|s}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|оола пʼӈафӄзадь.|the child beat his friend.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|prn}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} ӈафӄ{{tag|n}} за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|оола{{tag|n}} пʼи{{tag|det}}{{tag|ref}}{{tag|poss}} ӈафӄ{{tag|n}} за{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|the {{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} friend{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 ==== Case endings as prepositions ====

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 === Examples ===
 ==== Add a "will" before word with future tense ====
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф иғдь.|He killed him}}

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 ==== Case endings as prepositions ====
-* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with a spear.}}
+* {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф ӄʼахкир ӄʼотркʼудь.|he killed the bear with a spear.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄотр{{tag|n}} ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ӄʼах{{tag|n}}{{tag|ins}} ӄʼотр{{tag|n}} ху{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} kill{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} bear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} with{{tag|pr}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} spear{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}
 * {{transferTest|niv|eng|иф энакʼныкроӽ видь.|he went to another promontory.}}
 *: {{transferMorphTest|niv|eng|иф{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} эна{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}} кʼнык{{tag|n}}{{tag|dat}} ви{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|ind}} .{{tag|sent}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|sg}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} to{{tag|pr}} another{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} promontory{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} .{{tag|sent}}}}