Sardinian and English/Contrastive Grammar - Revision history

Rorlija1: /* srd → eng transfer morph tests */

2023-05-03T19:19:07Z

‎srd → eng transfer morph tests

Rorlija1: /* srd → eng transfer morph tests */

2023-05-03T19:17:04Z

‎srd → eng transfer morph tests

Rorlija1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-03T19:15:49Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Jwashin1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-03T17:51:52Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Jwashin1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-03T17:51:39Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Abasu1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-03T15:39:48Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Abasu1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-03T15:38:28Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Rorlija1: /* srd → eng transfer morph tests */

2023-05-02T18:23:16Z

‎srd → eng transfer morph tests

Rorlija1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-02T18:19:32Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

Rorlija1: /* Differences in parse and corresponding examples */

2023-05-02T17:18:24Z

‎Differences in parse and corresponding examples

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 *Diff.3, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|lettu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} meu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} bed{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 *Diff.4, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} nàrrere{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} chi{{tag|cnjsub}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} trenu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} dèvere{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} arrivare{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} a{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} nove{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} tell{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} that{{tag|cnjsub}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} train{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} suppose{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} arrive{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} at{{tag|pr}} nine{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}}}}
@@ Line 44: / Line 40: @@
 *Diff.5, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} unu{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} iscimpru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} stupid{{tag|adj}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+*Addendum, Ex.1:
 [[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]],[[Category:Sardinian]],[[Category:English]]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 *Diff.1/2, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} Frantza{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} unu{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} paisu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} bellu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|France{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} beautiful{{tag|adj}} country{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
-*Diff.3/5, Ex.1:
+*Diff.3/4, Ex.1:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} pèrdere{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} duos{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} de{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} libru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} meu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pres}} lose{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} two{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} book{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}}
 *Diff.3, Ex.2:
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 *Diff.4, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} de{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} berbeke{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} malàidu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|one{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} sheep{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} sick{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}}
-*Diff.5, Ex.2:
+*Diff.4, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Mi{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pro}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} nàrrere{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} chi{{tag|cnjsub}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} trenu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} dèvere{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pii}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} arrivare{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} a{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} nove{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|pl}} tell{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} that{{tag|cnjsub}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} train{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} suppose{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}} arrive{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} at{{tag|pr}} nine{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}}}}
-*Diff.6, Ex.1:
+*Diff.5, Ex.1:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|custu{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} ricu{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} dare{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} milli{{tag|num}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} francu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} a{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} betzu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|this{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}} rich{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} woman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} give{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} a thousand{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}} franc{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} to{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} old{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
-*Diff.6, Ex.2:
+*Diff.5, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}} unu{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} iscimpru{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} stupid{{tag|adj}} man{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 [[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]],[[Category:Sardinian]],[[Category:English]]

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Lettu '''meu''' est.|It is '''my''' bed.}}
-{{comment|(for #4) The agreement in Sardinian is indeed important, but if it's wiped out in translation, that's fine—so this isn't a good grammar point for <code>srd</code>→<code>eng</code> translation (but great for the other way around).}}
+*Difference #4: For most uses/conjugations of verbs in Sardinian, the verb stands on its own without a personal pronoun, while in English personal pronouns always precede any conjugated verbs. In other words, the tags of "appo" (I have) determine a new word "I" which precedes "have" in the English translation.
 *:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Appo pèrditu duos de sos libros meos.|'''I''' have lost two of my books.}}
 *:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|M'an natu ki su trenu devíat arrivare a sas nove.|'''They''' told me that the train was supposed to arrive at nine.}}
 *::Also, here, note that the Sardinian uses an auxiliary verb whereas the English does not! Another difference! (an natu = they told)
-*Difference #6: Information carried by the gender tag in Sardinian nouns referring to people produces a new word in English.
+*Difference #5: Information carried by the gender tag in Sardinian nouns referring to people produces a new word in English.
 *:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Custa rica at datu milli francos a su betzu.|This rich '''woman''' gave a thousand francs to the old man.}}
 *:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Ses un'iscimpru.|You are a stupid '''man'''.}}
 ==srd → eng transfer morph tests==

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Lettu '''meu''' est.|It is '''my''' bed.}}
-{{comment|The agreement in Sardinian is indeed important, but if it's wiped out in translation, that's fine—so this isn't a good grammar point for <code>srd</code>→<code>eng</code> translation (but great for the other way around).}}
+{{comment|(for #4) The agreement in Sardinian is indeed important, but if it's wiped out in translation, that's fine—so this isn't a good grammar point for <code>srd</code>→<code>eng</code> translation (but great for the other way around).}}
 *Difference #4: "The" does not change form in English, but "su" in Sardinian must agree with the noun which it precedes in number and gender.
 *:Example #1:  {{transferTest|srd|eng|'''Sos''' ki an furatu su dinari at a èssere punitos.|'''The''' people who stole the money will be punished.}}

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 *:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Lettu '''meu''' est.|It is '''my''' bed.}}
 *Difference #4: "The" does not change form in English, but "su" in Sardinian must agree with the noun which it precedes in number and gender.
 *:Example #1:  {{transferTest|srd|eng|'''Sos''' ki an furatu su dinari at a èssere punitos.|'''The''' people who stole the money will be punished.}}

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 *Difference #2: In this construction, adjectives in Sardinian come after the noun, whereas they come before the noun in English.
-*:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Su sardu est una '''limba antica'''.|Sardinian is an '''ancient language'''.}}
+*:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Su sardu est una limba '''antica'''.|Sardinian is an '''ancient''' language.}}
-*:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Sa Frantza est unu '''paisu bellu'''.|France is a '''beautiful country'''.}}
+*:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Sa Frantza est unu paisu '''bellu'''.|France is a '''beautiful''' country.}}
 *Difference #3: The posessive pronoun comes after the noun in Sardinian rather than before the noun as is the case in English.

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|lettu{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} meu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|prpers{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|nt}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} bed{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 *Diff.4, Ex.1:
-*: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} chi{{tag|cnjsub}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} furare{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} dinari{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} punire{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} person{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} who{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} steal{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} money{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} punish{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}} chi{{tag|cnjsub}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} furare{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} dinari{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}} àere{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|pr}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} punire{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|pl}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} person{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} who{{tag|prn}}{{tag|rel}}{{tag|an}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sp}} steal{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} money{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|inf}} punish{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}
 *Diff.4, Ex.2:
 *: {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|unu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|tn}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} de{{tag|pr}} su{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} berbeke{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|pl}} èssere{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pri}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} malàidu{{tag|adj}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}}|one{{tag|prn}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} sheep{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} sick{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}}

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 *Difference #2: In this construction, adjectives in Sardinian come after the noun, whereas they come before the noun in English.
-*:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|'''Su''' sardu est una limba antica.|Sardinian is an ancient language.}}
+*:Example #1: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Su sardu est una limba antica.|Sardinian is an ancient language.}}
-*:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|'''Sa''' Frantza est unu paisu bellu.|France is a beautiful country.}}
+*:Example #2: {{transferTest|srd|eng|Sa Frantza est unu paisu bellu.|France is a beautiful country.}}
 *Difference #3: The posessive pronoun comes after the noun in Sardinian rather than before the noun as is the case in English.