Difference between revisions of "Chechen and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
(→Copular Verb) |
|||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
==Copular Verb== | ==Copular Verb== | ||
| − | In Chechen, copular verb has noun-class distinctions, and no | + | In Chechen, copular verb has noun-class distinctions, and no number nor person distinction. But in English it's the opposite: number and person distinction exists but not non-class distinction. |
*{{transferTest|che|eng|сан цӀе Иван ю.|My name is Ivan.}} | *{{transferTest|che|eng|сан цӀе Иван ю.|My name is Ivan.}} | ||
| − | ::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|сан цӀе{{tag|n}}{{tag|cl_j}}{{tag|abs}}{{tag|sg}} Иван ю{{tag|v}}{{tag|cpl}}{{tag|cl_j}}|my name{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} is{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} Ivan}} | + | ::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|сан цӀе{{tag|n}}{{tag|cl_j}}{{tag|abs}}{{tag|sg}} Иван ю{{tag|v}}{{tag|cpl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|cl_j}}|my name{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} is{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} Ivan}} |
| − | + | *{{transferTest|che|eng|Ахьмадан машина керла ю.|Ahwmad’s car is new.}} | |
| + | ::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|Ахьмадан машина{{tag|n}}{{tag|cl_j}}{{tag|abs}}{{tag|sg}} керла ю{{tag|v}}{{tag|cpl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|sg}}|Ahwmad’s car{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} is{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} new.}} | ||
==Word Order== | ==Word Order== | ||
Revision as of 01:15, 4 April 2019
Gender of Pronouns
In Chechen, there is no distinction of male/female gender in pronouns but this distinction exists in English
- (che) Ас → (eng) I
- (che) ас<prn><pers><p1><sg><erg> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><mf><sg>
- (che) иза → (eng) he
- (che) иза<prn><pers><p3><sg><abs> → (eng) he<prn><pers><p3><m><sg>
Copular Verb
In Chechen, copular verb has noun-class distinctions, and no number nor person distinction. But in English it's the opposite: number and person distinction exists but not non-class distinction.
- (che) сан цӀе Иван ю. → (eng) My name is Ivan.
- (che) сан цӀе<n><cl_j><abs><sg> Иван ю<v><cpl><pres><cl_j> → (eng) my name<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> Ivan
- (che) Ахьмадан машина керла ю. → (eng) Ahwmad’s car is new.
- (che) Ахьмадан машина<n><cl_j><abs><sg> керла ю<v><cpl><pres><sg> → (eng) Ahwmad’s car<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> new.
Word Order
English is a SVO language and Chechen is a SOV language, which means both lexical verbs and copular verbs occur sentence-finally.
- (che) сан цӀе Иван ю. → (eng) My name is Ivan.
- (che) сан<prn><pers><p1><sg><gen> цӀе<n><cl_j><abs><sg> Иван<np><ant><abs><sg> ю<v><cpl><cl_j> → (eng) my<det><p1><mf><sg><pos> name<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> Ivan<np><ant><m><sg>
- (che) Ас бепиг дина. → (eng) I made bread.
- (che) Ас<prn><pers><p1><sg><erg> бепиг<n><cl_j><abs><sg> дина<v><tv><pres><pf> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><mf><sg> made<vblex><past> bread<n><sg>
