Difference between revisions of "Nuosu and Mandarin/Contrastive grammar"
From LING073
(→Differences) |
(→Differences) |
||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ|耶稣严厉地嘱咐他}} ("Jesus told him seriously") | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ|耶稣严厉地嘱咐他}} ("Jesus told him seriously") | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꑳꌠ{{tag|n}} ꈯꀕꃅ{{tag|adv}} ꇬ{{tag|prn}} ꏭ{{tag|vblex}} ꉉꇈ{{tag|vblex}}| 耶稣{{tag|np}} 严厉地{{tag|adv}} 嘱咐{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꑳꌠ{{tag|n}} ꈯꀕꃅ{{tag|adv}} ꇬ{{tag|prn}} ꏭ{{tag|vblex}} ꉉꇈ{{tag|vblex}}| 耶稣{{tag|np}} 严厉地{{tag|adv}} 嘱咐{{tag|vblex}} 他{{tag|prn}}}} | ||
| − | |||
2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs | 2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs | ||
| Line 43: | Line 42: | ||
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there") | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ|几个文士坐在那里}} ("Some literates were there") | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|adv}} ꑍꑹ{{tag|pr}} ꀊꄶ{{tag|n}} ꇬ{{tag|cl}} ꑌ{{tag|vblex}}| 几个{{tag|cl}} 文{{tag|n}} 士{{tag|n}} 坐{{tag|vblex}} 在{{tag|pr}} 那里{{tag|n}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho|ꁱꂷ{{tag|n}} ꌤꃅꊿ{{tag|n}} ꑠ{{tag|adv}} ꑍꑹ{{tag|pr}} ꀊꄶ{{tag|n}} ꇬ{{tag|cl}} ꑌ{{tag|vblex}}| 几个{{tag|cl}} 文{{tag|n}} 士{{tag|n}} 坐{{tag|vblex}} 在{{tag|pr}} 那里{{tag|n}}}} | ||
| − | |||
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't. | 3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't. | ||
| Line 58: | Line 56: | ||
* {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。|并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。}} (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”) | * {{transferTest|iii|zho|ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。|并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。}} (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”) | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉈꑴ{{tag|adv}} ꑊꋌ{{tag|n}} ꈹ{{tag|vblex}} ꌅꈌ{{tag|n}} ꄻ{{tag|vblex}} ꋀ{{tag|prn}}| 并{{tag|adv}} 赐给{{tag|vblex}} 他们{{tag|prn}} 赶{{tag|vblex}} 鬼{{tag|n}} 的{{tag|part}} 权柄{{tag|n}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|iii|zho| ꉈꑴ{{tag|adv}} ꑊꋌ{{tag|n}} ꈹ{{tag|vblex}} ꌅꈌ{{tag|n}} ꄻ{{tag|vblex}} ꋀ{{tag|prn}}| 并{{tag|adv}} 赐给{{tag|vblex}} 他们{{tag|prn}} 赶{{tag|vblex}} 鬼{{tag|n}} 的{{tag|part}} 权柄{{tag|n}}}} | ||
| − | |||
[[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Nuosu]] | [[category:sp22_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[category:Nuosu]] | ||
Revision as of 00:28, 15 April 2022
Ten Sentences (in the Bible)
1. 圣灵驱使耶稣进入旷野。 ꌃꎔꒌꆹꑳꌠꋌꇤꅷꇈꈬꇉꃪꁧ。
2. 他们立刻丢下网，跟从了他。 ꋋꇅꃅꉛꐱꋍꑊꇵꇫꎭꇈꀕ， ꋍꊂꈹꁧꀐ。
3. 全城都聚集在门口。 ꇓꈓꋋꇬꊿꃅꇁꌊꀃꈈꁭꑭꏓꌐ。
4. 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。
5. 遇见他时，他对他说：“每个人都在找你。” ꑳꌠꋀꎹꊊꄮꇬꆏ， ꇬꏭ： “ ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ” ꄷ。
6. 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他，打发他走了， ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ， ꋌꑳꌠꇱꇤꅷꁧ，
7. 有几个文士坐在那里，心中嘀咕： ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ， ꋀꉌꃀꄸꈐꆏ：
8. “我告诉你，起来！拿你的床回家。” “ ꉢꅽꏯꉉ，ꄓꇁ！ꅽꈈꇉꏓꌊꀁꇬꁧꌶ” ꄷ。
9. 耶稣一再嘱咐他们不要透露他。 ꑳꌠꀱꇊꀱꃅꋀꏭꋍꅔꄡꀖꄷ。
10. 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。
Differences
1. Nuosu: S-O-V; Mandarin: S-V-O
- (iii) ꑳꌠꏟꈯꀕꃅꇬꏭꉉꇈ → (zho) 耶稣严厉地嘱咐他 ("Jesus told him seriously")
- (iii) ꑳꌠ<n> ꈯꀕꃅ<adv> ꇬ<prn> ꏭ<vblex> ꉉꇈ<vblex> → (zho) 耶稣<np> 严厉地<adv> 嘱咐<vblex> 他<prn>
2. Nuosu: Classifier occurs after nouns and verbs; Mandarin: Classifier occurs before nouns and verbs
- (iii) ꁱꂷꌤꃅꊿꑠꈍꑍꑹꀊꄶꇬꑌ → (zho) 几个文士坐在那里 ("Some literates were there")
- (iii) ꁱꂷ<n> ꌤꃅꊿ<n> ꑠ<adv> ꑍꑹ<pr> ꀊꄶ<n> ꇬ<cl> ꑌ<vblex> → (zho) 几个<cl> 文<n> 士<n> 坐<vblex> 在<pr> 那里<n>
3. Nuosu has explicit topic marker, whereas Mandarin doesn't.
- (iii) ꑭꂱꌋꆀꋍꐋꀨꈧꑳꌠꎹ。 → (zho) 西蒙和他的同伴追赶他。 (“Simon and his friends chase him”)
- (iii) ꑭꂱ<n> ꌋꆀ<cnj> ꋍ<prn> ꐋꀨ<n> ꈧꌠ<det> ꑳꌠ<prn> ꎹ<v> ꆹ<part> → (zho) 西蒙<n> 和<cnj> 他<prn> 的<part> 同伴<n> 追赶<v> 他<prn>
4. Except from the universal quantifier, Nuosu indicates exhaustion at the end of the sentence by the exhaustion particle ꌐ.
- (iii) ꉹꁌꉬꇮꆏꎷꐺꌐ。 → (zho) 大家都在找你。 (“Everyone is looking for you”)
- (iii) ꉹꁌ<prn> ꉬꇮ<adv> ꆏ<prn> ꎷ<v> ꐺ<part> ꌐ<part> → (zho) 大家<prn> 都<adv> 在<part> 找<v> 你<prn>
5. Mandarin has adjective-specific marker, whereas Nuosu doesn't.
- (iii) ꉈꑴꑊꋌꈹꌅꈌꄻꋀꁳ。 → (zho) 并赐给他们赶鬼的权柄。 (“Additionally, gave him the power to expel ghosts.”)
- (iii) ꉈꑴ<adv> ꑊꋌ<n> ꈹ<vblex> ꌅꈌ<n> ꄻ<vblex> ꋀ<prn> → (zho) 并<adv> 赐给<vblex> 他们<prn> 赶<vblex> 鬼<n> 的<part> 权柄<n>
