Difference between revisions of "Navajo and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
(Created page with "== NAV-ENG Tests == ===Determiners=== * Navajo has no equivalent determiner to English's "the" or "a" * {{transferTest|nav|eng|Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímá...") |
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* {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound.}} | * {{transferTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed.|Go around the ant mound.}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ{{tag|n}} ghan{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} naa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} ałhéénílyeed{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Ant{{tag|n}} house{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} around{{tag|pp}} go{{tag|v}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Wóláchííʼ{{tag|n}} ghan{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} naa{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} ałhéénílyeed{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|Ant{{tag|n}} house{{tag|n}}{{tag|px3sg}} around{{tag|pp}} go{{tag|v}}}} | ||
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| + | * {{transferTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł.|I will give you some stew.}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|nav|eng|Atooʼ{{tag|n}} łaʼ{{tag|det}} naa{{tag|post}} deeshkááł{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|Stew{{tag|n}} some{{tag|det}} around{{tag|pp}} give{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
===Postpositions=== | ===Postpositions=== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:59, 8 May 2022
Contents
NAV-ENG Tests
Determiners
- Navajo has no equivalent determiner to English's "the" or "a"
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (nav) Jooł<n> nikídílniihí<adj> tsáskʼeh<n> yaa<n><px3sg> íímááz<v><iv><perf><p3><sg> → (eng) Ball<n> basketball<adj> bed<n> under<pp> roll<v><iv><past><p3><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound.
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ<n> ghan<n><px3sg> naa<n><px3sg> ałhéénílyeed<v><iv><impf><p2><sg> → (eng) Ant<n> house<n><px3sg> around<pp> go<v>
- (nav) Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł. → (eng) I will give you some stew.
- (nav) Atooʼ<n> łaʼ<det> naa<post> deeshkááł<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (eng) Stew<n> some<det> around<pp> give<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
Postpositions
- Navajo has a wide array of postpositions, also applying possessive inflection on them
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (nav) Jooł<n> nikídílniihí<adj> tsáskʼeh<n> yaa<n><px3sg> íímááz<v><iv><perf><p3><sg> → (eng) Ball<n> basketball<adj> bed<n> under<pp> roll<v><iv><past><p3><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound.
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ<n> ghan<n><px3sg> naa<n><px3sg> ałhéénílyeed<v><iv><impf><p2><sg> → (eng) Ant<n> house<n><px3sg> around<pp> go<v>
Pronouns
- Pronouns are often excluded in Navajo, appearing only as morphemes within the verb
- (nav) Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł. → (eng) I will give you some stew.
- (nav) Atooʼ<n> łaʼ<det> naa<post> deeshkááł<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (eng) Stew<n> some<det> around<pp> give<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound.
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ<n> ghan<n><px3sg> naa<n><px3sg> ałhéénílyeed<v><iv><impf><p2><sg> → (eng) Ant<n> house<n><px3sg> around<pp> go<v>
Verb placement
- Verbs always appear at the end of the sentence in Navajo
- (nav) Jooł nikídílniihí tsáskʼeh biyaa íímááz. → (eng) The basketball rolled underneath the bed.
- (nav) Jooł<n> nikídílniihí<adj> tsáskʼeh<n> yaa<n><px3sg> íímááz<v><iv><perf><p3><sg> → (eng) Ball<n> basketball<adj> bed<n> under<pp> roll<v><iv><past><p3><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound.
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ<n> ghan<n><px3sg> naa<n><px3sg> ałhéénílyeed<v><iv><impf><p2><sg> → (eng) Ant<n> house<n><px3sg> around<pp> go<v>
Verb mode
- Unlike English's tenses, Navajo has a variety of modes to locate actions within time. A change in verb stem (and sometimes in the disjunct prefix) marks a different mode.
- (nav) Atooʼ łaʼ naa deeshkááł. → (eng) I will give you some stew.
- (nav) Atooʼ<n> łaʼ<det> naa<post> deeshkááł<v><tv><fut><p1><sg> → (eng) Stew<n> some<det> around<pp> give<v><tv><fut><p1><sg>
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ bighan binaa ałhéénílyeed. → (eng) Go around the ant mound.
- (nav) Wóláchííʼ<n> ghan<n><px3sg> naa<n><px3sg> ałhéénílyeed<v><iv><impf><p2><sg> → (eng) Ant<n> house<n><px3sg> around<pp> go<v>
