Difference between revisions of "Wolof/Grammar"
From LING073
(→examples) |
m (→examples) |
||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
*singular determiners | *singular determiners | ||
| − | ** {{morphTest|nit i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|nit ki}} The person | + | ** {{morphTest|nit i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|nit ki}} :The person |
| − | ** {{morphTest|tëgg i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|tëgg bi}} The blacksmith | + | ** {{morphTest|tëgg i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|tëgg bi}} :The blacksmith |
| − | ** {{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|kër gi}} The house | + | ** {{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|kër gi}} :The house |
| − | ** {{morphTest|jigéen i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|jigéen ji}} The woman | + | ** {{morphTest|jigéen i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|jigéen ji}} :The woman |
| − | ** {{morphTest|ngunu i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|ngunu li}} The chicken coop | + | ** {{morphTest|ngunu i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|ngunu li}} :The chicken coop |
| − | ** {{morphTest|picc i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|picc mi}} The bird | + | ** {{morphTest|picc i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|picc mi}} :The bird |
| − | ** {{morphTest|ndaw i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|ndaw si}} The young woman | + | ** {{morphTest|ndaw i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|ndaw si}} :The young woman |
| − | ** {{morphTest|waasintoor i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|waasintoor wi}} The fish scale | + | ** {{morphTest|waasintoor i{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg det}}|waasintoor wi}} :The fish scale |
*plural determiners | *plural determiners | ||
| − | ** {{morphTest|nit i{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl det}}|nit ñi}} The people | + | ** {{morphTest|nit i{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl det}}|nit ñi}} :The people |
| − | ** {{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl det}}|kër yi}} The houses | + | ** {{morphTest|kër i{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl det}}|kër yi}} :The houses |
====Pronominal morphemes==== | ====Pronominal morphemes==== | ||
Revision as of 15:00, 16 February 2023
Contents
Grammar documentation - Wolof
- General overview of Wolof grammar[1]
- Long academic grammatical description[2]
- Noun classification resource[3]
- Notable characteristics of Wolof Grammar[4]
Parts of Speech
Wolof is an SVO language
- Verbs are static and do not change for tense, aspect, or mood
- Nouns have 10 classes, 8 of which are singular classes and are marked by specific prefixes, and 2 are plural classes also marked by prefixes
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Therefore, plural and singular nouns cannot be distinguished unless they occur in a noun phrase
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Pronouns in Wolof are the most morphologically complex
- separated into five categories: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite[5]
Noun classes
| Singular Classes | Plural Classes |
| k- | ñ- |
| b- | y- |
| g- | |
| j- | |
| l- | |
| m- | |
| s- | |
| w- |
The k- class and it's plural the ñ- class have rigid and exclusive membership. Nouns in this class are:
- k- class includes nit "person", and kef "thing"
- ñ- class includes nit "person", and (speaker dependent) jigeén "women", góor "men", gaa "people"
- other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class
examples
- noun class examples with determiners
- determiners will always have a prefix based on noun class and cannot exist without a class morpheme (ask about putting eng glossing after the arrows instead since the lemma cannot exist independently)
- singular determiners
- nit i<n><sg det> ↔ nit ki :The person
- tëgg i<n><sg det> ↔ tëgg bi :The blacksmith
- kër i<n><sg det> ↔ kër gi :The house
- jigéen i<n><sg det> ↔ jigéen ji :The woman
- ngunu i<n><sg det> ↔ ngunu li :The chicken coop
- picc i<n><sg det> ↔ picc mi :The bird
- ndaw i<n><sg det> ↔ ndaw si :The young woman
- waasintoor i<n><sg det> ↔ waasintoor wi :The fish scale
- plural determiners
- nit i<n><pl det> ↔ nit ñi :The people
- kër i<n><pl det> ↔ kër yi :The houses
Pronominal morphemes
Posessives
- samay yax ak sama suux (wol_output.txt line 73) - samay = my (pl) ; sama = my (sing),
glosses
xeet-am, muy-toj sa-bopp
son.3pPOSS F.crush 2pPOSS.head
Her son will crush your head