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= Grammar points = | = Grammar points = | ||
Revision as of 01:56, 17 February 2023
This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.
General information
Parts of speech: Nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, imitative words.
Cases: Nominative, genitive, dative-locative, accusative, locative, ablative, instrumental.
Structure of a noun: Lemma + plural + possessive + case.
Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV.
There exists no grammatical gender. There are no distinctions between animate and inanimate forms.
Grammar points
Plurality
Rule:
- лар after [а, о, у, ы] in lemma;
- лер after [и, э, ӧ, ӱ] in lemma;
Notes:
- if the lemma ends at a nasal sound, we will use -нар or -нер
- if the lemma ends at -ь, -ь is removed
Morphological Analysis:
пычах <n><pl> пычахлар хыз <n><pl> хызлар хурйух <n><pl> хурйухлар от <n><pl> отлар эль <n><pl> эллер тиш <n><pl> тишлер кöз <n><pl> кöзлер гÿль <n><pl> гÿллер
- пычах<n><pl> ↔ пычахлар
- хыз<n><pl> ↔ хызлар
- хурйух<n><pl> ↔ хурйухлар
- от<n><pl> ↔ отлар
- эль<n><pl> ↔ эллер
- тиш<n><pl> ↔ тишлер
- кöз<n><pl> ↔ кöзлер
- гÿль<n><pl> ↔ гÿллер
Verbs Present Tense
If there is a high vowel followed by a consonant at the end of the stem, then high vowel deletes if the suffix begins at the vowel (отур-отруйум)
If there is a low vowel, it does not drop
There is vowel harmony. V = verb
There is also vowel harmony in the I person plural. If the vowel is (и, ÿ), the last consonant of the tense suffix is к If the vowel is (ы, у), the last consonant of the tense suffix is х
- I person singular: verb-( )й-Vм
- I person plural: verb-( )й-Vик
- II person singular: verb-( )й-сVн
- II person plural: verb-()й-сVнVз
- III person singular: verb-Vй
- III person plural: verb-( )й-лVр
References
- Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
- "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)
