Revision as of 02:02, 17 February 2023

This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.

General information

Parts of speech: Nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, imitative words.

Cases: Nominative, genitive, dative-locative, accusative, locative, ablative, instrumental.

Structure of a noun: Lemma + plural + possessive + case.

Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV.

There exists no grammatical gender. There are no distinctions between animate and inanimate forms.

Grammar points

Plurality

Rule:

• лар after [а, о, у, ы] in lemma;
• лер after [и, э, ӧ, ӱ] in lemma;

Notes:

1. if the lemma ends at a nasal sound, we will use -нар or -нер
2. if the lemma ends at -ь, -ь is removed

Morphological Analysis:

пычах <n><pl> пычахлар
хыз <n><pl> хызлар
хурйух <n><pl> хурйухлар
от <n><pl> отлар
эль <n><pl> эллер
тиш <n><pl> тишлер
кöз <n><pl> кöзлер
гÿль <n><pl> гÿллер

• пычах<n><pl> ↔ пычахлар
• хыз<n><pl> ↔ хызлар
• хурйух<n><pl> ↔ хурйухлар
• от<n><pl> ↔ отлар
• эль<n><pl> ↔ эллер
• тиш<n><pl> ↔ тишлер
• кöз<n><pl> ↔ кöзлер
• гÿль<n><pl> ↔ гÿллер

Verbs Present Tense

(NOTE: REVISIT THIS)

If there is a high vowel followed by a consonant at the end of the stem, then high vowel deletes if the suffix begins at the vowel (отур-отруйум)

If there is a low vowel, it does not drop

There is vowel harmony (V = verb)

There is also consonant harmony in the I person plural. If the vowel is (и, ÿ), the last consonant of the tense suffix is к If the vowel is (ы, у), the last consonant of the tense suffix is х

• I person singular: verb-(_)й-Vм
• I person plural: verb-(_)й-Vик
• II person singular: verb-(_)й-сVн
• II person plural: verb-(_)й-сVнVз
• III person singular: verb-Vй
• III person plural: verb-(_)й-лVр

References

• Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
• "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)