Difference between revisions of "Urum/Grammar"
From LING073
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* {{morphTest|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}{{tag|px1sg}}|бахчыма}} | * {{morphTest|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}{{tag|px1sg}}|бахчыма}} | ||
* {{morphTest|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}{{tag|px1sg}}|бахчына}} | * {{morphTest|бахчы{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|loc}}{{tag|px1sg}}|бахчына}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | == Locative Case == | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{morphTest|хооншу{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|gen}}|хооншумун}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ана{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|px1sg}}{{tag|gen}}|анамын}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Past Tense == | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{morphTest|башла{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|башладым}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|вер{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|вердин}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|отур{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|отурду}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|чых{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|чыхтых}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|кöр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}}|кöрдӱнӱз}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|отур{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|отурдулар}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Verb Negation == | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{morphTest|кöр{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}|кöрмейим}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|биль{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}|бильмейлер}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|öгрен{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|pl}}|огренмейик}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
= References = | = References = | ||
* Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008) | * Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008) | ||
Revision as of 03:21, 17 February 2023
This is the page for the grammar documentation of Urum.
Contents
General information
Parts of speech: Nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, postpositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, imitative words.
Cases: Nominative, genitive, dative-locative, accusative, locative, ablative, instrumental.
Structure of a noun: Lemma + plural + possessive + case.
Sentence order: Adverbial + SOV.
There exists no grammatical gender. There are no distinctions between animate and inanimate forms.
Grammar points
Plurality
Rule:
- лар after [а, о, у, ы] in lemma;
- лер after [и, э, ӧ, ӱ] in lemma;
Notes:
- if the lemma ends at a nasal sound, we will use -нар or -нер
- if the lemma ends at -ь, -ь is removed
Morphological Analysis:
- пычах<n><pl> ↔ пычахлар
- хыз<n><pl> ↔ хызлар
- хурйух<n><pl> ↔ хурйухлар
- от<n><pl> ↔ отлар
- эль<n><pl> ↔ эллер
- тиш<n><pl> ↔ тишлер
- кöз<n><pl> ↔ кöзлер
- гÿль<n><pl> ↔ гÿллер
Verbs Present Tense
(NOTE: REVISIT THIS)
If there is a high vowel followed by a consonant at the end of the stem, then high vowel deletes if the suffix begins at the vowel (отур-отруйум)
If there is a low vowel, it does not drop
There is vowel harmony (V = verb)
There is also consonant harmony in the I person plural. If the vowel is (и, ÿ), the last consonant of the tense suffix is к If the vowel is (ы, у), the last consonant of the tense suffix is х
Grammatical Analysis:
- I person singular: verb-(_)й-Vм
- I person plural: verb-(_)й-Vик
- II person singular: verb-(_)й-сVн
- II person plural: verb-(_)й-сVнVз
- III person singular: verb-Vй
- III person plural: verb-(_)й-лVр
Morphological Analysis:
- сöле<v><iv><pres><p1><sg> ↔ сöлейим
- отур<v><iv><pres><p1><sg> ↔ отруйум
- алы<v><tv><pres><p2><sg> ↔ алыйсын
- кöрӱ<v><tv><pres><p2><sg> ↔ кöрӱйcӱн
- сöле<v><iv><pres><p3><sg> ↔ сöлей
- отур<v><iv><pres><p3><sg> ↔ алыйых
- сöле<v><iv><pres><p1><pl> ↔ сöлейик
- алы<v><tv><pres><p1><pl> ↔ алыйсын
- отур<v><iv><pres><p2><pl> ↔ отруйсунуз
- кöрӱ<v><tv><pres><p2><pl> ↔ кöрӱйcӱнӱз
- алы<v><tv><pres><p3><pl> ↔ алыйлар
- сöле<v><iv><pres><p3><pl> ↔ сöлейлер
Accusative Case
- кöпек<n><sg><acc> ↔ кöпеги
- бала<n><sg><acc> ↔ балайы
- бал<n><sg><acc> ↔ баллары
Dative Case
- хыз<n><sg><dat> ↔ хыза
- бала<n><sg><dat> ↔ балайа
- кöпек<n><sg><dat> ↔ кöпеги
- т´еди<n><sg><dat> ↔ т´еди
Locative Case
- эв<n><sg><loc> ↔ эвде
- эв<n><sg><loc><px1sg> ↔ эвме
- эв<n><sg><loc><px1sg> ↔ эвне
- бахчы<n><sg><loc> ↔ бахчыда
- бахчы<n><sg><loc><px1sg> ↔ бахчыма
- бахчы<n><sg><loc><px1sg> ↔ бахчына
Locative Case
- хооншу<n><sg><px1sg><gen> ↔ хооншумун
- ана<n><sg><px1sg><gen> ↔ анамын
Past Tense
- башла<v><tv><past><p1><sg> ↔ башладым
- вер<v><tv><past><p2><sg> ↔ вердин
- отур<v><tv><past><p3><sg> ↔ отурду
- чых<v><tv><past><p1><pl> ↔ чыхтых
- кöр<v><tv><past><p2><pl> ↔ кöрдӱнӱз
- отур<v><tv><past><p3><pl> ↔ отурдулар
Verb Negation
- кöр<v><tv><pres><neg><p1><sg> ↔ кöрмейим
- биль<v><tv><pres><neg><p3><pl> ↔ бильмейлер
- öгрен<v><iv><pres><neg><p1><pl> ↔ огренмейик
References
- Урумский язык, Урум дили (приазовский вариант), Учебное пособие для начинающих с аудиоприложением, Смолина М., 2008. (The Urum language (Azov region version), Tutorial for beginners with audio tapes, Smolina M., 2008)
- "Языки мира. Тюркские языки." Российская академия наук, институт языкознания. Издательский дом, Кыргызстан, Бишкек. ("Languages of the world. Turkic languages." Russian Academy of Sciences. Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek)
