Difference between revisions of "Kamba/Grammar"

Revision as of 01:01, 18 February 2023

Verb Forms

Positive Immediate Past

The‘Immediate’ past in Kikamba refers to actions taking place earlier in the day of speaking.

“To pull” immediate past Nĩ+ verbal-prefix + Root + ie

• Nũkootie<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩngootie
• Nũkootie<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Nũkootie
• Nũkootie<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Nũkootie

“To Be” immediate past

• Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ nĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ wĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ eĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ twĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ mwĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Meĩ

Positive Recent Past

‘Recent’ past refers to actions taking place earlier on the day prior to the day of speaking, or even to a week previously

“To pull” immediate past Nĩ+ verbal-prefix + Root + ie

• Nũkootie<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩnĩnakootie
• Nũkootie<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Nũnakootie
• Nũkootie<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Nũkootie

“To Be” immediate past

• Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Nĩnaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ũnaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Anaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ Tũnaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Mũnaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Manaĩ

Negative Immediate Past

“To Be” negative immediate past

• Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Ndyĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ndwĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Tũwiĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Mũiĩĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Maiĩĩ

Negative Recent Past

“To pull” negative recent past verbal-prefix + i + nee + Root + a

• Nũkootie<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Ndineekoota
• Nũkootie<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ndũneekoota
• Nũkootie<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Ndaneekooa
• Nũkootie<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ Tũineekoota
• Nũkootie<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Mũineekooa
• Nũkootie<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Maineekoota

“To Be” negative recent past

• Nĩ<v><past><p1><sg> ↔ Ndinaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><sg> ↔ Ndunaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><sg> ↔ Ndanaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p1><pl> ↔ Tuinaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p2><pl> ↔ Muinaĩ
• Nĩ<v><past><p3><pl> ↔ Manaĩ

Present Continuous

Nouns

Humans

Inanimate Objects