Difference between revisions of "Amis/Grammar"
From LING073
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===Irregular verbs=== | ===Irregular verbs=== | ||
====Instrumental Applicative==== | ====Instrumental Applicative==== | ||
| − | + | This is used to indicate that there is an instrument or reason for doing something. the instrumental applicative can take three forms (shown in the table). the form with «pi-» can only be read as the instrument interpretation, while the forms with «ka-» can be interpreted as either instrument or reason. The tag for verbs should be {{tag|v}}, the tag for the instrumental apllicative should be {{tag|ins}}, the tag for negative should be {{tag|neg}}. | |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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*{{morphTest|sanga{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|masapisanga}} <!-- undergoer voice --> | *{{morphTest|sanga{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|masapisanga}} <!-- undergoer voice --> | ||
*{{morphTest|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|sapipalu}} | *{{morphTest|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|sapipalu}} | ||
| − | |||
*{{morphTest|tukas{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}{{tag|neg}}|kasapitukas}} | *{{morphTest|tukas{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}{{tag|neg}}|kasapitukas}} | ||
| − | *{{morphTest|fanaq{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}| | + | *{{morphTest|fanaq{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|sakafanaq}} <!-- Wu's spelling does not seem to necessarily be the orthography, but it also isn't IPA --> |
| + | *{{morphTest|fanaq{{tag|v}}{{tag|ins}}{{tag|}}|sapifanaq}} | ||
====Locative Applicative==== | ====Locative Applicative==== | ||
| + | The locative applicative is used to indicate that there is an undergoer, goal, or location of doing something. The forms of the locative applicative «-an» are shown in the table below with the corresponding affixes. The tag for the locative applicative should be {{tag|loc}}. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | *{{morphTest|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|kaulahan}} <!-- | + | *{{morphTest|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|kaulahan}} <!-- could be ma- or unaffixed --> |
| − | *{{morphTest|diput{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|pidiputan}} | + | *{{morphTest|diput{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|loc}}|pidiputan}} <!-- the following are undergoer voice motional purposive according to Wu --> |
| − | *{{morphTest|adup{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|piadupan}} | + | *{{morphTest|adup{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|loc}}|piadupan}} |
| − | *{{morphTest|adup{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|miadupan}} | + | *{{morphTest|adup{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|loc}}|miadupan}} |
| − | *{{morphTest|repel{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|mirepelan}} | + | *{{morphTest|repel{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|loc}}|mirepelan}} |
| − | *{{morphTest|cikay{{tag|v}}{{tag|loc}}|micikayan}} | + | *{{morphTest|cikay{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}{{tag|loc}}|micikayan}} |
====Factual Mood==== | ====Factual Mood==== | ||
| − | The factual mood indicates factuality. | + | The factual mood, marked with the suffix «-ay», indicates factuality. the tag {{tag|}} is for the factual mood. The tag {{tag|gpr}} is for verbal adjectives. The tag The tag {{tag|num}} is for numerals and the tag {{tag|pl}} is for the numeral modifier. |
| − | *{{morphTest|kalat{{tag|v}}{{tag|actv}}{{tag|}}|mikalatay}} <!-- needs | + | *{{morphTest|kalat{{tag|v}}{{tag|actv}}{{tag|}}|mikalatay}} <!-- needs tags for factual mood --> |
| − | *{{morphTest|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}|mapaluay}} | + | *{{morphTest|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|}}|mapaluay}} <!-- undergoer voice --> |
| − | *{{morphTest|kuhting{{tag|gpr}}|kuhtingay}} | + | *{{morphTest|kuhting{{tag|gpr}}{{tag|}}|kuhtingay}} |
*{{morphTest|tata'ak{{tag|gpr}}{{tag|}}|tata'akay}} | *{{morphTest|tata'ak{{tag|gpr}}{{tag|}}|tata'akay}} | ||
*{{morphTest|tusa{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|}}|tatusaay}} | *{{morphTest|tusa{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|}}|tatusaay}} | ||
Revision as of 02:54, 20 February 2023
Amis Grammar
Contents
Forms of a Verb
Regular Verbs
Irregular verbs
Instrumental Applicative
This is used to indicate that there is an instrument or reason for doing something. the instrumental applicative can take three forms (shown in the table). the form with «pi-» can only be read as the instrument interpretation, while the forms with «ka-» can be interpreted as either instrument or reason. The tag for verbs should be <v>, the tag for the instrumental apllicative should be <ins>, the tag for negative should be <neg>.
| sa-pi- | sa-ka- | sa-ka...-um- |
- adup<v><ins><> ↔ sapiadup
- sanga<v><ins><> ↔ masapisanga
- palu<v><ins><> ↔ sapipalu
- tukas<v><ins><><neg> ↔ kasapitukas
- fanaq<v><ins><> ↔ sakafanaq
- fanaq<v><ins><> ↔ sapifanaq
Locative Applicative
The locative applicative is used to indicate that there is an undergoer, goal, or location of doing something. The forms of the locative applicative «-an» are shown in the table below with the corresponding affixes. The tag for the locative applicative should be <loc>.
| Goal | mi-...-an | ||
| Patient | mi-...-an | -um-...-an | ka-...-an |
| Location | pi-...-an | ka-...-um-...-an | ka-...-an |
- ulah<v><loc> ↔ kaulahan
- diput<v><><loc> ↔ pidiputan
- adup<v><><loc> ↔ piadupan
- adup<v><><loc> ↔ miadupan
- repel<v><><loc> ↔ mirepelan
- cikay<v><><loc> ↔ micikayan
Factual Mood
The factual mood, marked with the suffix «-ay», indicates factuality. the tag <> is for the factual mood. The tag <gpr> is for verbal adjectives. The tag The tag <num> is for numerals and the tag <pl> is for the numeral modifier.
- kalat<v><actv><> ↔ mikalatay
- palu<v><> ↔ mapaluay
- kuhting<gpr><> ↔ kuhtingay
- tata'ak<gpr><> ↔ tata'akay
- tusa<num><pl><> ↔ tatusaay
Irrealis Mood
Imperative Mood
Clause Structures
Sentence Structure
- Amis is a predicate-initial language.
