Difference between revisions of "Japhug and English/Lexical selection"
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# The standard third person pronouns in Japhug do not distinguish for animacy or semantic gender. For one example, in English, the third person singular pronoun is "it" for inanimate (or nonhuman) referents, but "he"/"she"/"they" and their conjugations "him"/"her"/"them" for animate referents depending on the perceived semantic gender of the referent. In Japhug, "ɯʑo" (in the Kamnyu dialect) or "mi" (Tatshi dialect) is the third person singular pronoun always. | # The standard third person pronouns in Japhug do not distinguish for animacy or semantic gender. For one example, in English, the third person singular pronoun is "it" for inanimate (or nonhuman) referents, but "he"/"she"/"they" and their conjugations "him"/"her"/"them" for animate referents depending on the perceived semantic gender of the referent. In Japhug, "ɯʑo" (in the Kamnyu dialect) or "mi" (Tatshi dialect) is the third person singular pronoun always. | ||
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| + | Example sentence: tɕeri '''ɯʑo''' ndɤre, qajdo cʰo ra kɯ ndɤ tú-wɣ-ndza ɕti | ||
| + | but 3sg advers crow comit pl erg advers ipfv-inv-eat be.aff:fact | ||
| + | |||
| + | This sentence could be translated as "But it is eaten by crows and other [animals]", or as "But she is eaten by crows and other [animals]", etc. | ||
==eng → jya== | ==eng → jya== | ||
Revision as of 22:41, 6 April 2023
jya → eng
at least two cases of a one-to-many mapping (2 sentences minimum for each word):
- There are three locative postpositions in Japhug, zɯ, tɕu and ri. All three can be used to express location ("at", "on", "in"), motion into ("into"), motion towards ("to"), or motion away from a place ("from"), irrespective of semantic details like relative location (on top, below, inside, etc.). Thus all three might be ambiguously translated to any of a number of English prepositions.
- The standard third person pronouns in Japhug do not distinguish for animacy or semantic gender. For one example, in English, the third person singular pronoun is "it" for inanimate (or nonhuman) referents, but "he"/"she"/"they" and their conjugations "him"/"her"/"them" for animate referents depending on the perceived semantic gender of the referent. In Japhug, "ɯʑo" (in the Kamnyu dialect) or "mi" (Tatshi dialect) is the third person singular pronoun always.
Example sentence: tɕeri ɯʑo ndɤre, qajdo cʰo ra kɯ ndɤ tú-wɣ-ndza ɕti but 3sg advers crow comit pl erg advers ipfv-inv-eat be.aff:fact
This sentence could be translated as "But it is eaten by crows and other [animals]", or as "But she is eaten by crows and other [animals]", etc.
eng → jya
- The second person pronoun "you" in English does not distinguish singular, dual, and plural referents. In Japhug (Kamnyu dialect), the 2p singular pronoun is nɤʑo or nɤj; the 2p dual is ndʑiʑo; and the 2p plural is nɯʑo, nɯʑora, or nɯʑɤra.
Example sentence: "I enjoy spending time with you."
