Difference between revisions of "Amis and English/Contrastive Grammar"
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In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns. | In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns. | ||
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Minanuy kaku tu safa.|I am swinging a younger sibling.}} | * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Minanuy kaku tu safa.|I am swinging a younger sibling.}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|nanoy{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} safa{{tag|n}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|nanoy{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} safa{{tag|n}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} swing{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} young{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}{{tag|comp}} sibling{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
| − | |||
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Maulah kaku tu pusong.|I like Taitung.}} | * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Maulah kaku tu pusong.|I like Taitung.}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} pusong{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} like{{tag|vblex}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} pusong{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} like{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} Taitung{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}{{tag|sg}}}} |
==Noun Markers== | ==Noun Markers== | ||
Revision as of 14:23, 25 April 2023
Word Order
In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.
- (ami) Minanuy kaku tu safa. → (eng) I am swinging a younger sibling.
- (ami) nanoy<v><av> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> safa<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> swing<vblex><pprs> a<det><ind><sg> young<adj><sint><comp> sibling<n><sg>
- (ami) Maulah kaku tu pusong. → (eng) I like Taitung.
- (ami) ulah<v><uv><prst> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> pusong<np><top> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> like<vblex><pres> Taitung<np><top><sg>
Noun Markers
Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.
- (ami) Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay. → (eng) The dog is chasing Panay's child.
- (ami) laʼop<v><av> u<nm><um><nom> wacu<n> u<nm><um><dat> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> [chase<vblex><>] Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg>
- (ami) Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay. → (eng) Panay's child was chased by the dog.
- (ami) laʼop<v><uv><prst> u<nm><um><gen> wacu<n> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> chase<vbser><pp> by<pr> the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg>
Possessives
Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word aku when immediately following a noun marker.
- (ami) Fangcal ku wawa aku. → (eng) My child is good.
- {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|fangcal<adj> ku<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><gen>|my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> good<adj><sint>}
- (ami) Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku. → (eng) My chicken is big.
- {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|tata'ak<adj> ku<nm><um><nom> ʼayam<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen>|my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> chicken<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> big<adj><sint>}
Transitive Verbs
The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.
Ergative Constructions
Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.
- (ami) Ruhemen aku ku pawli. → (eng) I will ripen this banana.
- (ami) Macangcang nira ku sinabel. → (eng) She warmed up the dish.
