Difference between revisions of "Amis and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 14:34, 25 April 2023

In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.

(ami) Minanuy kaku tu safa. → (eng) I am swinging a younger sibling.
(ami) nanoy<v><av> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> safa<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> swing<vblex><pprs> a<det><ind><sg> young<adj><sint><comp> sibling<n><sg>

(ami) Maulah kaku tu pusong. → (eng) I like Taitung.
(ami) ulah<v><uv><prst> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> pusong<np><top> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> like<vblex><pres> Taitung<np><top><sg>

Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.

(ami) Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay. → (eng) The dog is chasing Panay's child.
(ami) laʼop<v><av> u<nm><um><nom> wacu<n> u<nm><um><dat> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> chase<vblex><pprs> Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg>

(ami) Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay. → (eng) Panay's child was chased by the dog.
(ami) laʼop<v><uv><prst> u<nm><um><gen> wacu<n> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> chase<vbser><pp> by<pr> the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg>

Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word aku when immediately following a noun marker.

(ami) Fangcal ku wawa aku. → (eng) My child is good.
(ami) fangcal<adj> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> good<adj><sint>

(ami) Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku. → (eng) My chicken is big.
(ami) tata'ak<adj> u<nm><um><nom> ʼayam<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> chicken<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> big<adj><sint>

The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.

Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.

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 * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay.|The dog is chasing Panay's child.}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|laʼop{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wacu{{tag|n}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} wawa{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}  [chase{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|}}] Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}+have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|laʼop{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wacu{{tag|n}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} wawa{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}  chase{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}+have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
-<!-- ^The/the<det><def><sp>$ ^dog/dog<n><sg>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^chasing/chase<vblex><pprs>/chase<vblex><subs>/chase<vblex><ger>$ ^panay/*panay$^'s/'s<gen>/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>/have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg>$ ^child/child<n><sg>$ -->
 * {{transferTest|ami|eng|Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay.|Panay's child was chased by the dog.}}