Difference between revisions of "Amis and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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(→‎Ergative Constructions)
(→‎Transitive Verbs)
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* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Mapalu ni mama ci Aki atu ci Kolo.|Father beat Aki and Kolo.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Mapalu ni mama ci Aki atu ci Kolo.|Father beat Aki and Kolo.}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} mama{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}} antu{{tag|conj}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} and{{tag|anjcoo}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}}}
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*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} mama{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}} atu{{tag|conj}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} and{{tag|anjcoo}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
 
==Ergative Constructions==
 
==Ergative Constructions==

Revision as of 15:08, 25 April 2023

Word Order

In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.

  • (ami) Minanuy kaku tu safa. → (eng) I am swinging a younger sibling.
    (ami) nanoy<v><av> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> safa<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> swing<vblex><pprs> a<det><ind><sg> young<adj><sint><comp> sibling<n><sg>


  • (ami) Maulah kaku tu pusong. → (eng) I like Taitung.
    (ami) ulah<v><uv><prst> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> pusong<np><top> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> like<vblex><pres> Taitung<np><top><sg>

Noun Markers

Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.

  • (ami) Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay. → (eng) The dog is chasing Panay's child.
    (ami) laʼop<v><av> u<nm><um><nom> wacu<n> u<nm><um><dat> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> chase<vblex><pprs> Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg>
  • (ami) Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay. → (eng) Panay's child was chased by the dog.
    (ami) laʼop<v><uv><prst> u<nm><um><gen> wacu<n> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> chase<vbser><pp> by<pr> the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg>


Possessives

Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word aku when immediately following a noun marker.

  • (ami) Fangcal ku wawa aku. → (eng) My child is good.
    (ami) fangcal<adj> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> good<adj><sint>
  • (ami) Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku. → (eng) My chicken is big.
    (ami) tata'ak<adj> u<nm><um><nom> ʼayam<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> chicken<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> big<adj><sint>

Transitive Verbs

The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.

  • (ami) Mapalu ni Sawmah ci Mayaw. → (eng) Sawmah beat Mayaw.
    (ami) palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> Sawmah<np><ant> i<nm><sg><nom> Mayaw<np><ant> → (eng) Sawmah<np><ant><sg> beat<vblex><past> Mayaw<np><ant><sg>
  • (ami) Mapalu ni mama ci Aki atu ci Kolo. → (eng) Father beat Aki and Kolo.
    (ami) palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> mama<n> i<nm><sg><nom> Aki<np><ant> atu<conj> i<nm><sg><nom> Kolo<np><ant> → (eng) father<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> Aki<np><ant><sg> and<anjcoo> Kolo<np><ant><sg>

Ergative Constructions

Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.

  • (ami) Ruhemen aku ku pawli. → (eng) I will ripen this banana.
  • (ami) Macangcang nira ku sinabel. → (eng) She warmed up the dish.
  • (ami) Ruhemen aku ku pawli. → (eng) I will ripen this banana.
    (ami) palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> mama<n> i<nm><sg><nom> Aki<np><ant> antu<conj> i<nm><sg><nom> Kolo<np><ant> → (eng) father<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> Aki<np><ant><sg> and<anjcoo> Kolo<np><ant><sg>
  • (ami) Macangcang nira ku sinabel. → (eng) She warmed up the dish.
    (ami)

palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> mama<n> i<nm><sg><nom> Aki<np><ant> atu<conj> i<nm><sg><nom> Kolo<np><ant> → (eng) father<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> Aki<np><ant><sg> and<anjcoo> Kolo<np><ant><sg>

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