Difference between revisions of "Sardinian and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 17:51, 3 May 2023

Differences in parse and corresponding examples

• Difference #1: Sardinian requires a determiner before a noun in some instances for which English does not use a determiner before a noun.

  Example #1: (srd) Su sardu est una limba antica. → (eng) Sardinian is an ancient language.

  Example #2: (srd) Sa Frantza est unu paisu bellu. → (eng) France is a beautiful country.

• Difference #2: In this construction, adjectives in Sardinian come after the noun, whereas they come before the noun in English.

  Example #1: (srd) Su sardu est una limba antica. → (eng) Sardinian is an ancient language.

  Example #2: (srd) Sa Frantza est unu paisu bellu. → (eng) France is a beautiful country.

• Difference #3: The posessive pronoun comes after the noun in Sardinian rather than before the noun as is the case in English.

  Example #1: (srd) Appo pèrditu duos de sos libros meos. → (eng) I have lost two of my books.

  Example #2: (srd) Lettu meu est. → (eng) It is my bed.

• Difference #4: "The" does not change form in English, but "su" in Sardinian must agree with the noun which it precedes in number and gender.

  Example #1: (srd) Sos ki an furatu su dinari at a èssere punitos. → (eng) The people who stole the money will be punished.

  Example #2: (srd) Una de sas berbekes est maláida. → (eng) One of the sheep is sick.

• Difference #5: For most uses/conjugations of verbs in Sardinian, the verb stands on its own without a personal pronoun, while in English personal pronouns always precede any conjugated verbs. In other words, the tags of "appo" (I have) determine a new word "I" which precedes "have" in the English translation.

  Example #1: (srd) Appo pèrditu duos de sos libros meos. → (eng) I have lost two of my books.

  Example #2: (srd) M'an natu ki su trenu devíat arrivare a sas nove. → (eng) They told me that the train was supposed to arrive at nine.

  Also, here, note that the Sardinian uses an auxiliary verb whereas the English does not! Another difference! (an natu = they told)

• Difference #6: Information carried by the gender tag in Sardinian nouns referring to people produces a new word in English.

  Example #1: (srd) Custa rica at datu milli francos a su betzu. → (eng) This rich woman gave a thousand francs to the old man.

  Example #2: (srd) Ses un'iscimpru. → (eng) You are a stupid man.

srd → eng transfer morph tests

• Diff.1/2, Ex.1:

  (srd) Su<det><def><m><sg> sardu<n><m><sg> èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg> unu<det><ind><f><sg> limba<n><f><sg> anticu<adj><f><sg> → (eng) Sardinian<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> a<det><ind><sg> ancient<adj> language<n><sg>

• Diff.1/2, Ex.2:

  (srd) Su<det><def><f><sg> Frantza<np><top><f><sg> èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg> unu<det><ind><m><sg> paisu<n><m><sg> bellu<adj><m><sg> → (eng) France<np><top><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> a<det><ind><sg> beautiful<adj> country<n><sg>

• Diff.3/5, Ex.1:

  (srd) àere<vbhaver><pri><p1><sg> pèrdere<vblex><pp><m><sg> duos<num><mf><sp> de<pr> su<det><def><m><pl> libru<n><m><pl> meu<adj><pos><m><pl> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> have<vbhaver><pres> lose<vblex><pp> two<num><pl> of<pr> my<det><pos><sp> book<n><pl>

• Diff.3, Ex.2:

  (srd) lettu<n><m><sg> meu<adj><pos><m><sg> èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><nt><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> my<det><pos><sp> bed<n><sg>

• Diff.4, Ex.1:

  {{transferMorphTest|srd|eng|Su<det><def><m><pl> chi<cnjsub> àere<vbhaver><pri><p3><pl> furare<vblex><pp><m><sg> su<det><def><m><sg> dinari<n><m><sg> àere<vbhaver><pri><p3><sg> a<pr> èssere<vbser><inf> punire<vblex><pp><m><pl>|the<det><def><sp> person<n><pl> who<prn><rel><an><mf><sp> steal<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> money<n><sg> will<vbmod><pres> be<vbser><inf> punish<vblex><pp>

• Diff.4, Ex.2:

  (srd) unu<prn><tn><f><sg> de<pr> su<det><def><f><pl> berbeke<n><f><pl> èssere<vbser><pri><p3><sg> malàidu<adj><f><sg> → (eng) one<prn><dem><mf><sg> of<pr> the<det><def><sp> sheep<n><pl> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> sick<adj><sint>

• Diff.5, Ex.2:

  (srd) Mi<prn><pro><p1><mf><sg> àere<vbhaver><pri><p3><pl> nàrrere<vblex><pp><m><sg> chi<cnjsub> su<det><def><m><sg> trenu<n><m><sg> dèvere<vblex><pii><p3><sg> arrivare<vblex><inf> a<pr> su<det><def><f><pl> nove<num><mf><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p3><mf><pl> tell<vblex><past> prpers<prn><obj><p1><mf><sg> that<cnjsub> the<det><def><sp> train<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> suppose<vblex><pp> arrive<vblex><inf> at<pr> nine<num><pl>

• Diff.6, Ex.1:

  (srd) custu<det><dem><f><sg> ricu<n><f><sg> àere<vbhaver><pri><p3><sg> dare<vblex><pp><m><sg> milli<num><mf><sp> francu<n><m><pl> a<pr> su<det><def><m><sg> betzu<n><m><sg> → (eng) this<det><dem><sg> rich<adj><sint> woman<n><sg> give<vblex><past> a thousand<num><pl> franc<n><pl> to<pr> the<det><def><sp> old<adj><sint> man<n><sg>

• Diff.6, Ex.2:

  (srd) èssere<vbser><pri><p2><sg> unu<det><ind><m><sg> iscimpru<n><m><sg> → (eng) prpers<prn><subj><p2><mf><sp> be<vbser><pres> a<det><ind><sg> stupid<adj> man<n><sg>,,