Difference between revisions of "User:Ckwok1/Language selection"

From LING073
Jump to: navigation, search
(→‎Potential Partners)
 
(28 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
=== Potential Partners ===
 
=== Potential Partners ===
  
−
I would like to work with Panhavoan Reth or Katelyn Becker :)
+
I would like to work with [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/User:Preth1/Language_selection Panhavoan Reth] or [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/User:Kbecker2/Language_selection  Katelyn Becker] :)
  
 
=== Three Potential Languages ===  
 
=== Three Potential Languages ===  
Line 15: Line 15:
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
  
−
Isolating (but why?)
+
Isolating/Analytic; words in Mon do not have inflectional morphology, and are not modified according to their grammatical role.
  
 
=== Basic Information ===  
 
=== Basic Information ===  
  
−
* Speakers: 743,000 in Myanmar (2004), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 851,000
+
* '''Speakers''': 743,000 in Myanmar (2004), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 851,000
−
* ISO 639-3
+
* '''ISO 639-3'''
 
** mnw: Modern Mon
 
** mnw: Modern Mon
 
** omx: Old Mon
 
** omx: Old Mon
−
* Mon is a recognized indigenous language in both Myanmar and Thailand. Speakers of Mon are also likely speakers of Burmese, and perhaps Thai.  
+
* '''Language Status''': Developing. Mon is a recognized indigenous language in both Myanmar and Thailand. Speakers of Mon are also likely speakers of Burmese, and perhaps Thai.  
  
 
==== Transmission Status ====
 
==== Transmission Status ====
Line 30: Line 30:
  
 
==== Orthography ====
 
==== Orthography ====
 +
 +
Mon is written in an Indian based Abugida script. Its orthography is alphabetic.
  
 
=== Resources ===
 
=== Resources ===
−
[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mon.htm This]] page contains
+
* [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mon.htm This] page provides the consonant, vowel and numeric representations in the Mon script. There is also a sample text translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 +
* [https://www.comparativelinguistics.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-f914-30c6-ffff-ffffd45ca81c/Introduction_to_the_Mon_language.pdf This] document provides English-Mon translations of certain words and useful expressions, as well as some explanation of how the language is structured.
 +
* Given that the above two resources were fairly straightforward to procure, one can estimate that it should be fairly likely for us to find at least a few pages' worth of text in Mon.
 +
 
 +
=== Sources ===
 +
* [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mnw/ Ethnologue] page
 +
* [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon_language Wikipedia] page
 +
* [https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-532?p=emailAWqJGHwm4BTOc&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-532 Morphology in Austroasiatic Languages] (Alves, 2019)
  
 
== Tai Lue ==  
 
== Tai Lue ==  
Line 38: Line 47:
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
  
 +
Although Tai Lue is best classified as analytic/isolating, it has a tonal system whereby tonal alterations may have syntactic and morphological significance (Li-Naaijer, 2022).
  
 
=== Basic Information ===
 
=== Basic Information ===
  
−
* Speakers: Tai Lue is a Tai language of the Lu people, spoken by about 700,000 people in Southeast Asia.
+
* '''Speakers''': Tai Lue is a Tai language of the Lu people, spoken by about 700,000 people in Southeast Asia.
 
** 280,000 people in China (Yunnan)
 
** 280,000 people in China (Yunnan)
 
** 200,000 in Myanmar
 
** 200,000 in Myanmar
Line 47: Line 57:
 
** 83,000 in Thailand
 
** 83,000 in Thailand
 
** 4,960 in Vietnam
 
** 4,960 in Vietnam
−
* ISO 639-3: khb
+
* '''ISO 639-3''': khb
 +
* '''Language Status''': wider communication. Tai Lue is used by many as a first or second language. Speakers of Tai Lue are likely also speakers of Mandarin Chinese or Jingpho, although there are 140,000 monolinguals.
  
 
==== Transmission Status ====
 
==== Transmission Status ====
  
 +
Some schools teach exclusively in Tai Lue. As part of China’s language reform movement, Tai Lue’s traditional writing system began to be revised in 1953. The simplified writing system has allowed for greater ease in printing, helping to popularize Tai Lue literature and encouraging people to learn the language in its simplified form. 
 +
 +
==== Orthography ====
 +
 +
Tai Lue is written in three different scripts:
 +
 +
# '''Fak Kham''': an ancient script
 +
# '''Tham''': called 老傣文 (''lao dai wen'' - Old Dai script) in Chinese. Readable by most people in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
 +
# '''New Tai Lue''': a modernization of the Lanna alphabet, similar to the Thai alphabet.
 +
 +
=== Resources ===
 +
 +
* [https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tailue.htm This Omniglot page] provides some sample text, namely the cardinal numbers.
 +
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40860233?seq=6 This journal article] by Ngampit Jagacinski (1986) provides good information on the traditional Lue alphabet and its tone marks, as well as other rules and some information about the simplified writing system.
 +
*[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364815581_Grammaire_descriptive_du_tai_lu_A_Descriptive_Grammar_of_Tai_Lue_URL_httpswwwthesesfren2022SORUL011#:~:text=This%20last%20type%20of%20variation%20reveals%20the,serve%20to%20distinguish%20the%20meaning%20of%20lexical This doctorate thesis] by Juan Li-Naaijer (2022) provides a descriptive grammar of Tai Lue.
 +
* Given that the above resources were not difficult to find, and that there are textbooks and other educational materials printed in Tai Lue, it should be fairly feasible to acquire several pages of sample text in this language.
  
 +
=== Sources ===
 +
* [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/khb/ Ethnologue] page
 +
* [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_Lue_language Wikipedia] page
  
−
== Walloon ==  
+
== Walon ==  
  
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
 
=== Morphological Typology ===
 +
 +
There does not seem to be a definitive classification for Walon readily available; however, there is some inflectional morphology. For example, plural feminine adjectives before a noun take an unstressed ending -''ès''.  Since Walon shares similarities with French, Spanish and other Romance languages, it may be considered a fusional language.
 +
 +
=== Basic Information ===
 +
 +
* '''Speakers''': 600,000, but decreasing. Few monolinguals. Walon is primarily spoken in Wallonia, the southern part of Belgium. Walon speakers can also be found in northern France, Luxembourg, and northeastern Wisconsin, where there are some descendants of Walloon immigrants.
 +
* '''ISO 639''': wln
 +
* '''Language Status''': Threatened. The use of Walon decreases significantly following France’s annexation of Wallonia in the late 18th century. Most speakers of Walon also speak French, particularly young people.
 +
 +
==== Transmission Status ====
 +
 +
Usage of Walon decreased significantly during the 20th century, but it is now increasingly recognized as valuable for informal purposes. There are [https://languagexs.com/walloon-language-heritage-and-translation-services/ ongoing efforts] to preserve and promote Walloon, and some schools in Wallonia offer elective Walon language courses. Despite these shifts among younger generations, the future of Walloon is uncertain, especially considering the dominance of French in education, media, and public life.
 +
 +
==== Orthography ====
 +
 +
Walon uses Latin script. It has used [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_orthography various orthographies] over its history, including the Feller system and Common Walloon.
 +
 +
=== Resources ===
 +
 +
* [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/walloon.htm This Omniglot page] provides the Walon alphabet and pronunciation, as well as a sample text of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 +
* [https://forum.language-learners.org/viewtopic.php?t=16769 This forum page] offers a compilation of resources to learn Walon, including textbooks, grammar guides, and dictionaries. Many of these resources are free.
 +
* It does seem fairly feasible to find at least 2-3 pages’ worth of sample text in Walon.
 +
 +
=== Sources ===
 +
 +
* [https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wln/ Ethnologue] page
 +
* [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_language Wikipedia] page
 +
* [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walloon_orthography Walloon Orthography Wikipedia] page
 +
* [https://languagexs.com/walloon-language-heritage-and-translation-services/ LanguageXS] page
  
 
== Citations ==
 
== Citations ==

Latest revision as of 15:37, 28 January 2025

Introduction

Potential Partners

I would like to work with Panhavoan Reth or Katelyn Becker :)

Three Potential Languages

  1. Mon
  2. Tai Lue
  3. Walloon

Mon

Morphological Typology

Isolating/Analytic; words in Mon do not have inflectional morphology, and are not modified according to their grammatical role.

Basic Information

  • Speakers: 743,000 in Myanmar (2004), decreasing. Total users in all countries: 851,000
  • ISO 639-3
    • mnw: Modern Mon
    • omx: Old Mon
  • Language Status: Developing. Mon is a recognized indigenous language in both Myanmar and Thailand. Speakers of Mon are also likely speakers of Burmese, and perhaps Thai.

Transmission Status

While there is some literacy among the older generation, literacy rates of Mon are very low among those under 40. Mon is taught in some Buddhist monasteries in Myanmar and Thailand, with some efforts made on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

Orthography

Mon is written in an Indian based Abugida script. Its orthography is alphabetic.

Resources

  • This page provides the consonant, vowel and numeric representations in the Mon script. There is also a sample text translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  • This document provides English-Mon translations of certain words and useful expressions, as well as some explanation of how the language is structured.
  • Given that the above two resources were fairly straightforward to procure, one can estimate that it should be fairly likely for us to find at least a few pages' worth of text in Mon.

Sources

Tai Lue

Morphological Typology

Although Tai Lue is best classified as analytic/isolating, it has a tonal system whereby tonal alterations may have syntactic and morphological significance (Li-Naaijer, 2022).

Basic Information

  • Speakers: Tai Lue is a Tai language of the Lu people, spoken by about 700,000 people in Southeast Asia.
    • 280,000 people in China (Yunnan)
    • 200,000 in Myanmar
    • 134,000 in Laos
    • 83,000 in Thailand
    • 4,960 in Vietnam
  • ISO 639-3: khb
  • Language Status: wider communication. Tai Lue is used by many as a first or second language. Speakers of Tai Lue are likely also speakers of Mandarin Chinese or Jingpho, although there are 140,000 monolinguals.

Transmission Status

Some schools teach exclusively in Tai Lue. As part of China’s language reform movement, Tai Lue’s traditional writing system began to be revised in 1953. The simplified writing system has allowed for greater ease in printing, helping to popularize Tai Lue literature and encouraging people to learn the language in its simplified form.

Orthography

Tai Lue is written in three different scripts:

  1. Fak Kham: an ancient script
  2. Tham: called 老傣文 (lao dai wen - Old Dai script) in Chinese. Readable by most people in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.
  3. New Tai Lue: a modernization of the Lanna alphabet, similar to the Thai alphabet.

Resources

  • This Omniglot page provides some sample text, namely the cardinal numbers.
  • This journal article by Ngampit Jagacinski (1986) provides good information on the traditional Lue alphabet and its tone marks, as well as other rules and some information about the simplified writing system.
  • This doctorate thesis by Juan Li-Naaijer (2022) provides a descriptive grammar of Tai Lue.
  • Given that the above resources were not difficult to find, and that there are textbooks and other educational materials printed in Tai Lue, it should be fairly feasible to acquire several pages of sample text in this language.

Sources

Walon

Morphological Typology

There does not seem to be a definitive classification for Walon readily available; however, there is some inflectional morphology. For example, plural feminine adjectives before a noun take an unstressed ending -ès. Since Walon shares similarities with French, Spanish and other Romance languages, it may be considered a fusional language.

Basic Information

  • Speakers: 600,000, but decreasing. Few monolinguals. Walon is primarily spoken in Wallonia, the southern part of Belgium. Walon speakers can also be found in northern France, Luxembourg, and northeastern Wisconsin, where there are some descendants of Walloon immigrants.
  • ISO 639: wln
  • Language Status: Threatened. The use of Walon decreases significantly following France’s annexation of Wallonia in the late 18th century. Most speakers of Walon also speak French, particularly young people.

Transmission Status

Usage of Walon decreased significantly during the 20th century, but it is now increasingly recognized as valuable for informal purposes. There are ongoing efforts to preserve and promote Walloon, and some schools in Wallonia offer elective Walon language courses. Despite these shifts among younger generations, the future of Walloon is uncertain, especially considering the dominance of French in education, media, and public life.

Orthography

Walon uses Latin script. It has used various orthographies over its history, including the Feller system and Common Walloon.

Resources

  • This Omniglot page provides the Walon alphabet and pronunciation, as well as a sample text of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
  • This forum page offers a compilation of resources to learn Walon, including textbooks, grammar guides, and dictionaries. Many of these resources are free.
  • It does seem fairly feasible to find at least 2-3 pages’ worth of sample text in Walon.

Sources

Citations

Retrieved from "http://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/index.php?title=User:Ckwok1/Language_selection&oldid=23179"