Difference between revisions of "Sebat Bet Gurage/Grammar"
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* {{morphTest|ንቅኢቅ{{tag|v}}{{tag|impers}}{{tag|perf}}| ንቅኢ’ይቅ’ይተኸ}} | * {{morphTest|ንቅኢቅ{{tag|v}}{{tag|impers}}{{tag|perf}}| ንቅኢ’ይቅ’ይተኸ}} | ||
| − | === | + | === Possesive Pronominal Suffixes === |
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}|ቤተና}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}|ቤተንዳ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|m}}|ቤታኸ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|f}}|ቤታኽይ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|m}}|ቤተታ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|f}}|ቤተኽይታ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|m}}|ቤታኹ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|f}}|ቤታኽማ}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}|ቤታኹና}} | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|ቤት{{tag|n}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|pos}}|ቤታኽንማ}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] | [[Category:sp25_GrammarDocumentation]] | ||
[[Category:Sebat_Bet_Gurage]] | [[Category:Sebat_Bet_Gurage]] | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 22 March 2025
Contents
Parts of Speech
| Tag | Part of Speech | Example |
|---|---|---|
| <n> | Noun | ንቭረት<n> ↔ ንቭረት |
| <prn> | Pronoun | እያ<prn> ↔ እያ |
| <v> | Verb | ከፈተ<v> ↔ ከፈተ |
| <adj> | Adjective | እርስየ<adj> ↔ እርስየ |
| <adv> | Adverb | ኸማ<adv> ↔ ኸማ |
| <post> | Postposition | ከፈተራም<v><post> ↔ ከፈተራም |
| <inj> | Interjection | ወግ<inj> ↔ ወግ |
| <pre> | Preposition | በቤት<pre><n> ↔ በቤት |
| <cn> | Conjunction | ባንኸሬ<cn> ↔ ባንኸሬ |
Prefixes
i may combine this one; i want to talk about prefixes and their multiple purposes
«የ»
The prefix «የ» attached to a noun<n> marks accusative case, genitive case, allative case and benefactive case of the sentence.
| case name | ~meaning | tag |
|---|---|---|
| accusative | definite direct object | <acc> |
| genitive | possessor | <gen> |
| allative | direction | <all> |
| benefactive | "for" | <ben> |
| manner | "from" | <man> |
- መናኒ<ben><n> ↔ የመናኒ
- ቭራ<acc><n> ↔ የቭራ
Relative Clauses
Verbs forming a relative clause have a different form depending on the aspect. Relative clause verbs in the continuous form are the same, expect for the requirement of the governing noun (or a definite article) to be in the same sentence. In the Pluperfect/Past continuous form, የ is attached to ነፐረ- instead. In the equative form, የ attaches to perfect form ኸረም for past events, ነፐረም for present events, and continuous form ኸረም for future events.
| Aspect | Independent Clause | Relative Clause | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect | ኧርች ችኧነም | የቸነ ኧርች | የ___-ም |
| Continuous | በዄት ሳት ትቸን | በዄት ሳት ትቸን ገረድ | ____+} |
| Pluperfect/Past continuous | ቸነም የረፐረ ምስ | የ ነፐረ-ም | |
| Equative | ዝኽ ዴንⷛ ተማሪ ባነቦ | ተማሪ የረፐሮ ዴንⷛ | የ+ኸረ-ም |
«በ»
locative case, real condition, essive, manner
Aspects
Perfect Aspect
- ቨና<v><p1><sg><perf> ↔ በናኹም
- ቨና<v><m><p2><sg><perf> ↔ በናኸም
- ቨና<v><f><p2><sg><perf> ↔ በናⷕም
- ቨና<v><m><p3><sg><perf> ↔ በናም
- ቨና<v><f><p3><sg><perf> ↔ በናችም
- ቨና<v><p1><pl><perf> ↔ በናነም
- ቨና<v><m><p2><pl><perf> ↔ በናኹም
- ቨና<v><f><p2><pl><perf> ↔ በናኽማም
- ቨና<v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ በነቮም
- ቨና<v><f><p3><p1><perf> ↔ በነማም
- ቨና<v><impers><perf> ↔ ᎄነናችም
Continuous Aspect
- ቨራ<v><p1><sg><cont> ↔ ኧቨራ
- ቨራ<v><m><p2><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨራ
- ቨራ<v><f><p2><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨየ
- ቨራ<v><m><p3><sg><cont> ↔ ይቨራ
- ቨራ<v><f><p3><sg><cont> ↔ ትቨራ
- ቨራ<v><p1><pl><perf> ↔ ንቨራነ
- ቨራ<v><m><p2><pl><cont> ↔ ትቨሮ
- ቨራ<v><f><p2><pl><cont> ↔ ትቨራማ
- ቨራ<v><m><p3><pl><cont> ↔ ይቨሮ
- ቨራ<v><f><p3><p1><cont> ↔ ይቨራማ
- ቨራ<v><impers><cont> ↔ ይወረ
Past Continuous
Past Continuous is the continuous form followed by ባነ.
Jussive Aspect
- ብራ<v><p1><sg><jus> ↔ ንብራ
- ብራ<v><m><p2><sg><jus> ↔ ብራ
- ብራ<v><f><p2><sg><jus> ↔ ብየ
- ብራ<v><m><p3><sg><jus> ↔ የብራ
- ብራ<v><f><p3><sg><jus> ↔ ትብራ
- ብራ<v><p1><pl><jus> ↔ ንብራነ
- ብራ<v><m><p2><pl><jus> ↔ ብሮ
- ብራ<v><f><p2><pl><jus> ↔ ብረማ
- ብራ<v><m><p3><pl><jus> ↔ የብሮ
- ብራ<v><f><p3><p1><jus> ↔ የብራማ
- ብራ<v><impers><jus> ↔ የውረ
Negation
| Negation | Affirmative | Negative | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perfect | በናኹም | አንበናኹ | አን___-ም |
| Continuous | ትቨራ | አትቨራ | አ____ |
| Jussive | ብራ | አትብራ | አት_____ |
Verbs
Converbs
There are two converbs: the t(ተ)-converb and the m (መ)-converb.The t-converb, is formed by suffixing -t to a stem identical to the 2nd singular feminine imperative.
- ንክስ<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ንክቭተኸ
- ፍርኸ<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ፍረኸያተኸ
- ስቭር<v><m><p2><sg><conv> ↔ ሲቪተኸ
- ንቅኢም <v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ ንቅኢምተኸ
- ሲዲድ <v><m><p3><pl><perf> ↔ ሲዥዥተኸ
- ንቅኢቅ<v><impers><perf> ↔ ንቅኢ’ይቅ’ይተኸ
Possesive Pronominal Suffixes
- ቤት<n><sg><pos><p1> ↔ ቤተና
- ቤት<n><pl><pos><p1> ↔ ቤተንዳ
- ቤት<n><sg><pos><p2><m> ↔ ቤታኸ
- ቤት<n><p2><sg><pos><f> ↔ ቤታኽይ
- ቤት<n><p3><sg><pos><m> ↔ ቤተታ
- ቤት<n><p3><sg><pos><f> ↔ ቤተኽይታ
- ቤት<n><pl><pos><p2><m> ↔ ቤታኹ
- ቤት<n><pl><pos><p2><f> ↔ ቤታኽማ
- ቤት<n><m><p3><pl><pos> ↔ ቤታኹና
- ቤት<n><f><p3><pl><pos> ↔ ቤታኽንማ
