Difference between revisions of "Rungus and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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(→‎Determiner agreement)
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* {{transferTest|drg|eng|Mangagama i tukang do meja|The workman makes a table}}
 
* {{transferTest|drg|eng|Mangagama i tukang do meja|The workman makes a table}}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|gama{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|af}} i{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|nom}} tukang{{tag|n}} do{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|acc}} meja{{tag|n}} |the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} workman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} make{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} table{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} }}
 
*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|gama{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|af}} i{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|nom}} tukang{{tag|n}} do{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|acc}} meja{{tag|n}} |the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} workman{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} make{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} table{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} }}
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== Possessive / genitive ==
 +
* {{transferTest|drg|eng|Mangatag oku di jiip ku|I repair my jeep}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|drg|eng|atag{{tag|v}}{{tag|impf}}{{tag|af}} oku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} i{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|acc}} jiip{{tag|n}} ku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} |I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}}} repair{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sg}} jeep{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} }}
  
 
== Focus morphology ==
 
== Focus morphology ==

Revision as of 16:41, 24 April 2025

Word order

  • Rungus is VSO whereas English is SVO
  • (drg) Momobog ko dialo → (eng) You hit him
    (drg) bobog<v><impf><af> oku<prn><pers><p2><sg><nom> dialo<prn><pers><p3><sg><acc> → (eng) you<prn><pers><subj><p2><mf><sg> hit<vblex><pres> him<prn><pers><obj><p3><m><sg>

Determiner agreement

  • (drg) Mangagama i tukang do meja → (eng) The workman makes a table
    (drg) gama<v><impf><af> i<det><def><nom> tukang<n> do<det><ind><acc> meja<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> workman<n><sg> make<vblex><pres><p3><sg> a<det><ind><sg> table<n><sg>

Possessive / genitive

  • (drg) Mangatag oku di jiip ku → (eng) I repair my jeep
    (drg) atag<v><impf><af> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> i<det><def><acc> jiip<n> ku<prn><pers><p1><sg><gen> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg>} repair<vblex><pres> my<det><pos><sg> jeep<n><sg>

Focus morphology

Actor focus

  • Actor focus in Rungus af is translated into actives in English
  • (drg) Mamanau it ulun → (eng) The person goes
    (drg) panau<v><impf><af> it<det><def><nom> ulun<n> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> person<n><sg> go<vblex><pres><p3><sg>

Patient focus

  • Patient focus in Rungus pf is translated into passives in English
  • (drg) Duaton oku dikau → (eng) I am asked by you
    (drg) duat<v><pf> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> dikau<prn><pers><p2><sg><acc> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><p1><sg> ask<vblex><pp> by<pr> you<prn><pers><p2><mf><sg>

Beneficiary focus

  • (drg) Tinahakan oku do tinggol → (eng) I was given necklaces
    (drg) tahak<v><perf><pf><vol> oku<prn><pers><p1><sg><nom> do<det><ind><acc> tinggol<n> → (eng) I<prn><pers><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vblex><past><p1><sg> given<adj> necklace<n><pl>