Difference between revisions of "Walloon and English/Contrastive Grammar"
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| − | ==.. | + | == Grammatical Differences (Walloon -> English) == |
| + | * Walloon: object clitic pronouns before the verb, whereas English puts full object pronouns after verb | ||
| + | * Future tense marked inside of Walloon verb (-rè, -rèz, etc.), whereas English uses auxiliary will + verb | ||
| + | * Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the | ||
| + | * Preposition di / d' covers both '''of''' and '''from'''; English chooses one which fits the context | ||
| + | * Walloon noun '''côp''' in the phrase '''Sol côp''' functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb '''at once'''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Object-clitic order=== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|I l' voeya|He saw him}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} l'{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|obj}} voeyér{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} saw{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} him{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|m}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|Djezus lès houka|Jesus called them}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Djezus{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} lès{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|obj}} houker{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|Jesus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} called{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} them{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Future inflection / will=== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|I ramoennrè des efants|He will bring back the children}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} ramoenner{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}} bring{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} back{{tag|adv}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} children{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|Vosse feme Elizabet vos dinrè on fi|Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Vosse{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}} feme{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Elizabet{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} vos{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|pl}} dinrer{{tag|v}}{{tag|fut}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} on{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} fi{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|your{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|sp}} wife{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} Elizabeth{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}} bear{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} you{{tag|prn}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sp}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} son{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Articles / des vs of the / the=== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|bråmint des efants d' Israyel|many of the people of Israel}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|bråmint{{tag|adv}}{{tag|qnt}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} d'{{tag|pr}} Israyel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} people{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} Israel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|Deus des droles di sakîs ont sorviké|Two strange creatures survived}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Deus{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} drole{{tag|adj}}{{tag|pl}} di{{tag|pr}} sakî{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} ont{{tag|v}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} sorviké{{tag|v}}{{tag|pp}}|two{{tag|num}}{{tag|pl}} strange{{tag|adj}}{{tag|pl}} creatures{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} survived{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Preposition di/d' -> of / from=== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|efants d' Israyel|people of Israel}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} d'{{tag|pr}} Israyel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|people{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} Israel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|I rala di Galilèye|He returned from Galilee}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} rala{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} di{{tag|pr}} Galilèye{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} returned{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} from{{tag|pr}} Galilee{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once=== | ||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|Sol côp, Djezus lès houka|At once, Jesus called them}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Sol{{tag|pr}} côp{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} , Djezus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} lès{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|obj}} houker{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|at{{tag|pr}} once{{tag|adv}} , Jesus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} called{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} them{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|I rala côp|He returned at once}} | ||
| + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} rala{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} côp{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|he{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} returned{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} at{{tag|pr}} once{{tag|adv}}}} | ||
[[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]] | [[Category:Sp25_ContrastiveGrammars]] | ||
[[Category:Walloon]] | [[Category:Walloon]] | ||
[[Category:English]] | [[Category:English]] | ||
Revision as of 19:21, 27 April 2025
Contents
Grammatical Differences (Walloon -> English)
- Walloon: object clitic pronouns before the verb, whereas English puts full object pronouns after verb
- Future tense marked inside of Walloon verb (-rè, -rèz, etc.), whereas English uses auxiliary will + verb
- Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the
- Preposition di / d' covers both of and from; English chooses one which fits the context
- Walloon noun côp in the phrase Sol côp functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb at once.
Object-clitic order
- (wln) I l' voeya → (eng) He saw him
- (wln) i<prn><pers><p3><sg> l'<prn><pers><p3><obj> voeyér<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> saw<vblex><past> him<prn><pers><obj><p3><m><sg>
- (wln) Djezus lès houka → (eng) Jesus called them
- (wln) Djezus<np><ant><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>
Future inflection / will
- (wln) I ramoennrè des efants → (eng) He will bring back the children
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> ramoenner<v><fut><p3><sg> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> will<vbmod> bring<vblex><inf> back<adv> the<det><def><pl> children<n><pl>
- (wln) Vosse feme Elizabet vos dinrè on fi → (eng) Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son
- (wln) Vosse<det><pos><p2><pl> feme<n><sg> Elizabet<np><ant><sg> vos<prn><pers><p2><pl> dinrer<v><fut><p3><sg> on<det><ind><sg> fi<n><sg> → (eng) your<det><pos><sp> wife<n><sg> Elizabeth<np><sg> will<vbmod> bear<vblex><inf> you<prn><obj><p2><sp> a<det><ind><sg> son<n><sg>
Articles / des vs of the / the
- (wln) bråmint des efants d' Israyel → (eng) many of the people of Israel
- (wln) bråmint<adv><qnt> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) many<det><qnt><pl> of<pr> the<det><def><pl> people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>
- (wln) Deus des droles di sakîs ont sorviké → (eng) Two strange creatures survived
- (wln) Deus<num><pl> des<det><ind><pl> drole<adj><pl> di<pr> sakî<n><pl> ont<v><pres><p3><pl> sorviké<v><pp> → (eng) two<num><pl> strange<adj><pl> creatures<n><pl> survived<vblex><past><pl>
Preposition di/d' -> of / from
- (wln) efants d' Israyel → (eng) people of Israel
- (wln) efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>
- (wln) I rala di Galilèye → (eng) He returned from Galilee
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> di<pr> Galilèye<np><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> from<pr> Galilee<np><sg>
Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once
- (wln) Sol côp, Djezus lès houka → (eng) At once, Jesus called them
- (wln) Sol<pr> côp<n><sg> , Djezus<np><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) at<pr> once<adv> , Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>
- (wln) I rala côp → (eng) He returned at once
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> côp<n><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> at<pr> once<adv>
