Difference between revisions of "Walloon and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 01:54, 31 May 2025

Walloon: object clitic pronouns before the verb, whereas English puts full object pronouns after verb
Future tense marked inside of Walloon verb (-rè, -rèz, etc.), whereas English uses auxiliary will + verb
Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the
Preposition di / d' covers both of and from; English chooses one which fits the context
Walloon noun côp in the phrase Sol côp functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb at once

(wln) I l' voeya → (eng) He saw him
(wln) i<prn><pers><p3><sg> l'<prn><pers><p3><obj> voeyér<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> saw<vblex><past> him<prn><pers><obj><p3><m><sg>

(wln) Djezus lès houka → (eng) Jesus called them
(wln) Djezus<np><ant><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>

(wln) I ramoennrè des efants → (eng) He will bring back the children
(wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> ramoenner<v><fut><p3><sg> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> will<vbmod> bring<vblex><inf> back<adv> the<det><def><pl> children<n><pl>

(wln) Vosse feme Elizabet vos dinrè on fi → (eng) Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son
(wln) Vosse<det><pos><p2><pl> feme<n><sg> Elizabet<np><ant><sg> vos<prn><pers><p2><pl> dinrer<v><fut><p3><sg> on<det><ind><sg> fi<n><sg> → (eng) your<det><pos><sp> wife<n><sg> Elizabeth<np><sg> will<vbmod> bear<vblex><inf> you<prn><obj><p2><sp> a<det><ind><sg> son<n><sg>

des isn't <det>, but de<pr>+l<det>. So the structure is basically the same as English, although without a space between the tokens. -JNW

(wln) bråmint des efants d' Israyel → (eng) many of the people of Israel
(wln) bråmint<adv><qnt> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) many<det><qnt><pl> of<pr> the<det><def><pl> people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>

(wln) Deus des droles di sakîs ont sorviké → (eng) Two strange creatures survived
(wln) Deus<num><pl> des<det><ind><pl> drole<adj><pl> di<pr> sakî<n><pl> ont<v><pres><p3><pl> sorviké<v><pp> → (eng) two<num><pl> strange<adj><pl> creatures<n><pl> survived<vblex><past><pl>

(wln) efants d' Israyel → (eng) people of Israel
(wln) efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>

(wln) I rala di Galilèye → (eng) He returned from Galilee
(wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> di<pr> Galilèye<np><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> from<pr> Galilee<np><sg>

(wln) Sol côp, Djezus lès houka → (eng) At once, Jesus called them
(wln) Sol<pr> côp<n><sg> , Djezus<np><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) at<pr> once<adv> , Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>

(wln) I rala côp → (eng) He returned at once
(wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> côp<n><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> at<pr> once<adv>

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ===Articles / des vs of the / the===
+{{comment|des isn't <det>, but de<pr>+l<det>.  So the structure is basically the same as English, although without a space between the tokens. -JNW}}
 * {{transferTest|wln|eng|bråmint des efants d' Israyel|many of the people of Israel}}
 *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|bråmint{{tag|adv}}{{tag|qnt}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} d'{{tag|pr}} Israyel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} people{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} Israel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}}