Difference between revisions of "Walloon and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
(→Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once) |
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* Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the | * Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the | ||
* Preposition di / d' covers both '''of''' and '''from'''; English chooses one which fits the context | * Preposition di / d' covers both '''of''' and '''from'''; English chooses one which fits the context | ||
| − | * Walloon noun '''côp''' in the phrase '''Sol côp''' functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb '''at once''' | + | * Walloon noun '''côp''' in the phrase '''Sol côp''' functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb '''at once''' |
===Object-clitic order=== | ===Object-clitic order=== | ||
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===Articles / des vs of the / the=== | ===Articles / des vs of the / the=== | ||
| + | {{comment|des isn't <det>, but de<pr>+l<det>. So the structure is basically the same as English, although without a space between the tokens. -JNW}} | ||
* {{transferTest|wln|eng|bråmint des efants d' Israyel|many of the people of Israel}} | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|bråmint des efants d' Israyel|many of the people of Israel}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|bråmint{{tag|adv}}{{tag|qnt}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} d'{{tag|pr}} Israyel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} people{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} Israel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|bråmint{{tag|adv}}{{tag|qnt}} des{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|pl}} efant{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} d'{{tag|pr}} Israyel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}|many{{tag|det}}{{tag|qnt}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|pl}} people{{tag|n}}{{tag|pl}} of{{tag|pr}} Israel{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
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===Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once=== | ===Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once=== | ||
| + | {{comment|I think sol might also be <pr>+<det>? -JNW}} | ||
* {{transferTest|wln|eng|Sol côp, Djezus lès houka|At once, Jesus called them}} | * {{transferTest|wln|eng|Sol côp, Djezus lès houka|At once, Jesus called them}} | ||
*: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Sol{{tag|pr}} côp{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} , Djezus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} lès{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|obj}} houker{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|at{{tag|pr}} once{{tag|adv}} , Jesus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} called{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} them{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | *: {{transferMorphTest|wln|eng|Sol{{tag|pr}} côp{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} , Djezus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} lès{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|obj}} houker{{tag|v}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|at{{tag|pr}} once{{tag|adv}} , Jesus{{tag|np}}{{tag|sg}} called{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} them{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|obj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:55, 31 May 2025
Contents
Grammatical Differences (Walloon -> English)
- Walloon: object clitic pronouns before the verb, whereas English puts full object pronouns after verb
- Future tense marked inside of Walloon verb (-rè, -rèz, etc.), whereas English uses auxiliary will + verb
- Walloon uses des / les, whereas English inserts a / the / of the
- Preposition di / d' covers both of and from; English chooses one which fits the context
- Walloon noun côp in the phrase Sol côp functions as adverb; English translates with the adverb at once
Object-clitic order
- (wln) I l' voeya → (eng) He saw him
- (wln) i<prn><pers><p3><sg> l'<prn><pers><p3><obj> voeyér<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> saw<vblex><past> him<prn><pers><obj><p3><m><sg>
- (wln) Djezus lès houka → (eng) Jesus called them
- (wln) Djezus<np><ant><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>
Future inflection / will
- (wln) I ramoennrè des efants → (eng) He will bring back the children
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> ramoenner<v><fut><p3><sg> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> will<vbmod> bring<vblex><inf> back<adv> the<det><def><pl> children<n><pl>
- (wln) Vosse feme Elizabet vos dinrè on fi → (eng) Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son
- (wln) Vosse<det><pos><p2><pl> feme<n><sg> Elizabet<np><ant><sg> vos<prn><pers><p2><pl> dinrer<v><fut><p3><sg> on<det><ind><sg> fi<n><sg> → (eng) your<det><pos><sp> wife<n><sg> Elizabeth<np><sg> will<vbmod> bear<vblex><inf> you<prn><obj><p2><sp> a<det><ind><sg> son<n><sg>
Articles / des vs of the / the
des isn't <det>, but de<pr>+l<det>. So the structure is basically the same as English, although without a space between the tokens. -JNW
- (wln) bråmint des efants d' Israyel → (eng) many of the people of Israel
- (wln) bråmint<adv><qnt> des<det><ind><pl> efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) many<det><qnt><pl> of<pr> the<det><def><pl> people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>
- (wln) Deus des droles di sakîs ont sorviké → (eng) Two strange creatures survived
- (wln) Deus<num><pl> des<det><ind><pl> drole<adj><pl> di<pr> sakî<n><pl> ont<v><pres><p3><pl> sorviké<v><pp> → (eng) two<num><pl> strange<adj><pl> creatures<n><pl> survived<vblex><past><pl>
Preposition di/d' -> of / from
- (wln) efants d' Israyel → (eng) people of Israel
- (wln) efant<n><pl> d'<pr> Israyel<np><sg> → (eng) people<n><pl> of<pr> Israel<np><sg>
- (wln) I rala di Galilèye → (eng) He returned from Galilee
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> di<pr> Galilèye<np><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> from<pr> Galilee<np><sg>
Adverb-noun Sol côp -> at once
I think sol might also be <pr>+<det>? -JNW
- (wln) Sol côp, Djezus lès houka → (eng) At once, Jesus called them
- (wln) Sol<pr> côp<n><sg> , Djezus<np><sg> lès<prn><pers><p3><pl><obj> houker<v><past><p3><sg> → (eng) at<pr> once<adv> , Jesus<np><sg> called<vblex><past> them<prn><pers><obj><p3><pl>
- (wln) I rala côp → (eng) He returned at once
- (wln) I<prn><pers><p3><sg> rala<v><past><p3><sg> côp<n><sg> → (eng) he<prn><pers><subj><p3><sg> returned<vblex><past> at<pr> once<adv>
