Difference between revisions of "Fijian/Grammar"
From LING073
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| − | ==Main | + | ==Main Parts of Speech== |
The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are further categorised into shifters and grammatical systems. | The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are further categorised into shifters and grammatical systems. | ||
===Open Classes=== | ===Open Classes=== | ||
| − | Open classes include Verb | + | Open classes include Verb and a subset of semi-auxiliary verbs, Adjective, and Noun. Furthermore, nouns have several subclasses: Personal Name, Place Name, and Common Noun, which is further divided into free and bound nouns). |
| − | *Verb {{tag|v}} | + | *Verb {{tag|v}} |
*:-{{morphTest|la’o{{tag|v}}|la’o}} ("go") | *:-{{morphTest|la’o{{tag|v}}|la’o}} ("go") | ||
*:-{{morphTest|dree{{tag|v}}|dree}} ("pull") | *:-{{morphTest|dree{{tag|v}}|dree}} ("pull") | ||
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:-{{morphTest|lo’alo’a{{tag|adj}}|lo’alo’a}} ("purple") | :-{{morphTest|lo’alo’a{{tag|adj}}|lo’alo’a}} ("purple") | ||
:-{{morphTest|levu{{tag|adj}}|levu}} ("big") | :-{{morphTest|levu{{tag|adj}}|levu}} ("big") | ||
| − | *Noun {{tag|n}} | + | *Noun |
| − | + | **Common Noun {{tag|n}}: (article used: ''a~na'') | |
**:-{{morphTest|ose{{tag|n}}|ose}} ("horse") | **:-{{morphTest|ose{{tag|n}}|ose}} ("horse") | ||
**:-{{morphTest|nu’u{{tag|n}}|nu’u}} ("garment") | **:-{{morphTest|nu’u{{tag|n}}|nu’u}} ("garment") | ||
| − | **Personal Name: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "(mai)vei") | + | **Personal Name {{tag|np}}: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "(mai)vei") |
**:-{{morphTest|Jone{{tag|n}}|Jone}} ("John") | **:-{{morphTest|Jone{{tag|n}}|Jone}} ("John") | ||
**:-{{morphTest|Sepo{{tag|n}}|Sepo}} ("Sepo") | **:-{{morphTest|Sepo{{tag|n}}|Sepo}} ("Sepo") | ||
| − | **Place Name: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "i/mai") | + | **Place Name {{tag|np}}: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "i/mai") |
**:-{{morphTest|Viti{{tag|n}}|Viti}} ("Fiji") | **:-{{morphTest|Viti{{tag|n}}|Viti}} ("Fiji") | ||
**:-{{morphTest|Na’auvadra{{tag|n}}|Na’auvadra}} ("Na’auvadra mountain") | **:-{{morphTest|Na’auvadra{{tag|n}}|Na’auvadra}} ("Na’auvadra mountain") | ||
===Semi-open Classes=== | ===Semi-open Classes=== | ||
| + | Semi-open classes include Number and Time Word, which contains several subclasses: unit of time, names of months, shifters, parts of the day, and clock time expression. | ||
| + | *Number {{tag|num}} | ||
| + | *:-{{morphTest|dua{{tag|num}}|dua}} ("one") | ||
| + | *:-{{morphTest|ruasagavulu{{tag|num}}|ruasagavulu}} ("twenty") | ||
| + | *Time Word {{tag|time}} (There's no corresponding tag on the Apertium tagset, so a new tag "time" is assigned to time words for this project.) | ||
| + | **Unit of Time: | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|yaba’i{{tag|time}}|yaba’i}} ("year") | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|sigava’arauwai{{tag|time}}|sigava’arauwa}} ("Saturday") | ||
| + | **Names of Months: | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|Tiiseba{{tag|tim}}|Tiiseba}} ("December") | ||
| + | **Shifters: | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|saubogi{{tag|time}}|saubogi}} ("tomorrow") | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|nanoa{{tag|time}}|nanoa}} ("yesterday") | ||
| + | **Parts of the Day: | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|mata’a{{tag|time}}|mata’a}} ("morning") | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|ya’avi{{tag|time}}|ya’avi}} ("afternoon, early evening") | ||
| + | **Clock Time Expression: | ||
| + | **:-{{morphTest|kaloko{{tag|time}}|kaloko}} ("o'clock") | ||
===Closed Classes=== | ===Closed Classes=== | ||
====Closed Classes of Shifters==== | ====Closed Classes of Shifters==== | ||
Revision as of 17:25, 13 February 2018
Contents
Main Parts of Speech
The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are further categorised into shifters and grammatical systems.
Open Classes
Open classes include Verb and a subset of semi-auxiliary verbs, Adjective, and Noun. Furthermore, nouns have several subclasses: Personal Name, Place Name, and Common Noun, which is further divided into free and bound nouns).
- Verb <v>
- -la’o<v> ↔ la’o ("go")
- -dree<v> ↔ dree ("pull")
- Semi-auxiliaries <vaux>
- -sega<vaux> ↔ sega ("not")
- -rawa<vaux> ↔ rawa ("can")
- Adjective <adj>
- -lo’alo’a<adj> ↔ lo’alo’a ("purple")
- -levu<adj> ↔ levu ("big")
- Noun
- Common Noun <n>: (article used: a~na)
- -ose<n> ↔ ose ("horse")
- -nu’u<n> ↔ nu’u ("garment")
- Personal Name <np>: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "(mai)vei")
- -Jone<n> ↔ Jone ("John")
- -Sepo<n> ↔ Sepo ("Sepo")
- Place Name <np>: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "i/mai")
- -Viti<n> ↔ Viti ("Fiji")
- -Na’auvadra<n> ↔ Na’auvadra ("Na’auvadra mountain")
- Common Noun <n>: (article used: a~na)
Semi-open Classes
Semi-open classes include Number and Time Word, which contains several subclasses: unit of time, names of months, shifters, parts of the day, and clock time expression.
- Number <num>
- -dua<num> ↔ dua ("one")
- -ruasagavulu<num> ↔ ruasagavulu ("twenty")
- Time Word <time> (There's no corresponding tag on the Apertium tagset, so a new tag "time" is assigned to time words for this project.)
- Unit of Time:
- -yaba’i<time> ↔ yaba’i ("year")
- -sigava’arauwai<time> ↔ sigava’arauwa ("Saturday")
- Names of Months:
- -Tiiseba<tim> ↔ Tiiseba ("December")
- Shifters:
- -saubogi<time> ↔ saubogi ("tomorrow")
- -nanoa<time> ↔ nanoa ("yesterday")
- Parts of the Day:
- -mata’a<time> ↔ mata’a ("morning")
- -ya’avi<time> ↔ ya’avi ("afternoon, early evening")
- Clock Time Expression:
- -kaloko<time> ↔ kaloko ("o'clock")
- Unit of Time:
