Difference between revisions of "Fijian/Grammar"
From LING073
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==Main Parts of Speech== | ==Main Parts of Speech== | ||
| − | The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are | + | The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are categorised into shifters and grammatical systems. |
| + | |||
===Open Classes=== | ===Open Classes=== | ||
| − | + | The open classes in Fijian include verbs and a subset of semi-auxiliary verbs, adjectives, and nouns. Furthermore, nouns have several subclasses: personal names, place names, and common nouns, which is further divided into free and bound nouns). | |
*Verb {{tag|v}} | *Verb {{tag|v}} | ||
*:-{{morphTest|la’o{{tag|v}}|la’o}} ("go") | *:-{{morphTest|la’o{{tag|v}}|la’o}} ("go") | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
**:-{{morphTest|Viti{{tag|n}}|Viti}} ("Fiji") | **:-{{morphTest|Viti{{tag|n}}|Viti}} ("Fiji") | ||
**:-{{morphTest|Na’auvadra{{tag|n}}|Na’auvadra}} ("Na’auvadra mountain") | **:-{{morphTest|Na’auvadra{{tag|n}}|Na’auvadra}} ("Na’auvadra mountain") | ||
| + | |||
===Semi-open Classes=== | ===Semi-open Classes=== | ||
| − | + | The semi-open classes include numbers and time words, which contains several subclasses: unit of time, names of months, shifters, parts of the day, and clock time expression. | |
*Number {{tag|num}} | *Number {{tag|num}} | ||
*:-{{morphTest|dua{{tag|num}}|dua}} ("one") | *:-{{morphTest|dua{{tag|num}}|dua}} ("one") | ||
| Line 41: | Line 43: | ||
**Clock Time Expression: | **Clock Time Expression: | ||
**:-{{morphTest|kaloko{{tag|time}}|kaloko}} ("o'clock") | **:-{{morphTest|kaloko{{tag|time}}|kaloko}} ("o'clock") | ||
| + | |||
===Closed Classes=== | ===Closed Classes=== | ||
| + | The closed classes in Fijian are divided into two main subclasses--shifters and grammatical systems. The closed classes of shifters include pronouns and demonstratives; the closed classes of grammatical systems of words include articles, prepositions, tense-aspect markers, discourse markers, predicate modifiers, classifiers, relators, and interjections. | ||
| + | |||
====Closed Classes of Shifters==== | ====Closed Classes of Shifters==== | ||
| + | *Pronoun {{tag|prn}} | ||
| + | *Demanstrative {{tag|dem}} | ||
| + | |||
====Closed Grammatical Systems==== | ====Closed Grammatical Systems==== | ||
Revision as of 17:37, 13 February 2018
Contents
Main Parts of Speech
The main parts of speech in Fijian include 3 open lexical classes, 2 semi-open classes, and 10 closed classes, which are categorised into shifters and grammatical systems.
Open Classes
The open classes in Fijian include verbs and a subset of semi-auxiliary verbs, adjectives, and nouns. Furthermore, nouns have several subclasses: personal names, place names, and common nouns, which is further divided into free and bound nouns).
- Verb <v>
- -la’o<v> ↔ la’o ("go")
- -dree<v> ↔ dree ("pull")
- Semi-auxiliaries <vaux>
- -sega<vaux> ↔ sega ("not")
- -rawa<vaux> ↔ rawa ("can")
- Adjective <adj>
- -lo’alo’a<adj> ↔ lo’alo’a ("purple")
- -levu<adj> ↔ levu ("big")
- Noun
- Common Noun <n>: (article used: a~na)
- -ose<n> ↔ ose ("horse")
- -nu’u<n> ↔ nu’u ("garment")
- Personal Name <np>: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "(mai)vei")
- -Jone<n> ↔ Jone ("John")
- -Sepo<n> ↔ Sepo ("Sepo")
- Place Name <np>: (article used: "o"; prepositions used: "i/mai")
- -Viti<n> ↔ Viti ("Fiji")
- -Na’auvadra<n> ↔ Na’auvadra ("Na’auvadra mountain")
- Common Noun <n>: (article used: a~na)
Semi-open Classes
The semi-open classes include numbers and time words, which contains several subclasses: unit of time, names of months, shifters, parts of the day, and clock time expression.
- Number <num>
- -dua<num> ↔ dua ("one")
- -ruasagavulu<num> ↔ ruasagavulu ("twenty")
- Time Word <time> (There's no corresponding tag on the Apertium tagset, so a new tag "time" is assigned to time words for this project.)
- Unit of Time:
- -yaba’i<time> ↔ yaba’i ("year")
- -sigava’arauwai<time> ↔ sigava’arauwa ("Saturday")
- Names of Months:
- -Tiiseba<tim> ↔ Tiiseba ("December")
- Shifters:
- -saubogi<time> ↔ saubogi ("tomorrow")
- -nanoa<time> ↔ nanoa ("yesterday")
- Parts of the Day:
- -mata’a<time> ↔ mata’a ("morning")
- -ya’avi<time> ↔ ya’avi ("afternoon, early evening")
- Clock Time Expression:
- -kaloko<time> ↔ kaloko ("o'clock")
- Unit of Time:
Closed Classes
The closed classes in Fijian are divided into two main subclasses--shifters and grammatical systems. The closed classes of shifters include pronouns and demonstratives; the closed classes of grammatical systems of words include articles, prepositions, tense-aspect markers, discourse markers, predicate modifiers, classifiers, relators, and interjections.
Closed Classes of Shifters
- Pronoun <prn>
- Demanstrative <dem>
