Difference between revisions of "User:Zkelly1/Language selection"
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| + | == Partner == | ||
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| + | I am planning to work with [https://wikis.swarthmore.edu/ling073/User:Spark9/Language_selection SaengMoung (Jacob) Park] on Navajo. | ||
| + | |||
== Possible Pair == | == Possible Pair == | ||
| + | |||
I'd love to work with anyone, regardless of their knowledge of either CS or linguistics! Personally, I have a very strong linguistics background, and I've taken CS021 here at Swarthmore, and I'm currently taking CS031. In addition, I have been progressing through a few online CS courses regarding JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and SQL, as well as other languages and technologies. | I'd love to work with anyone, regardless of their knowledge of either CS or linguistics! Personally, I have a very strong linguistics background, and I've taken CS021 here at Swarthmore, and I'm currently taking CS031. In addition, I have been progressing through a few online CS courses regarding JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and SQL, as well as other languages and technologies. | ||
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== Language Information == | == Language Information == | ||
| + | |||
=== Navajo === | === Navajo === | ||
| + | |||
==== Morphological Typology ==== | ==== Morphological Typology ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | To classify Navajo into one morphological typological category is rather difficult, as it displays traits of fusional, agglutinative, and polysynthetic languages. For example, it has an expansive array of verb affixes, so much so that a Navajo verb has up to 11 possible slots for prefixes, which is a trait of an agglutinative language. However, these affixes may overlap, a trait of fusional languages. Navajo having a high morpheme-to-word ratio, many of which are unable to stand alone, is a trait of a polysynthetic language. | ||
| + | |||
==== Information ==== | ==== Information ==== | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | Diné Bizaad (Navajo) is an indigenous language of North America spoken in the southwestern United States, specifically the areas that are now northeast Arizona, southwest Colorado, northwest New Mexico, and southeast Utah. This is currently where the majority of speakers reside, as the largest Navajo reservation is located within this area, known as the Four Corners Region. However, the Navajo Nation itself only spans across three of the four corners, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Navajo is also a registered language of the Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, spanning Arizona and California. Navajo is an Apachean, southern Athabaskan language and a part of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup, which itself is a part of the Na-Dené language phylum. It uses the Latin script for its orthography, with diacritics and some special characters compared to English to represent tone and certain sounds. Its total speaker population is 167,000 and there are 7,600 monolingual speakers according to the 2015 census. In total, there are roughly 300,000 ethic Navajo people. Because of its declining speaker population, for example, 30% of first graders in 1998 having it as their first language as compared to 90% in 1968, but still present use for communication, it is classified as a threatened language. However, some families retain immense use of the language, and resources for the language are becoming more available. English is the most common language also used by speakers of Navajo and ethnic Navajo people. The ISO code for Navajo is <code>nav</code>. | ||
==== Resource Availability ==== | ==== Resource Availability ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Resources for Navajo are widely available, with an available dictionary, grammar, translation of the bible, stories, language immersion programs, courses taught in some universities, and even a Navajo dub of the first Star Wars movie. | ||
| + | |||
==== Reference Links ==== | ==== Reference Links ==== | ||
| + | |||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language | ||
| + | |||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Corners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Corners | ||
| + | |||
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Nation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Nation | ||
| + | |||
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nav | https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nav | ||
| + | |||
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athabaskan-language-family | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athabaskan-language-family | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_grammar | ||
| + | |||
=== Denaʼina === | === Denaʼina === | ||
==== Morphological Typology ==== | ==== Morphological Typology ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Denaʼina is a polysynthetic language with a large amount of possible affixes to a verb, numbering 21 possible slots in its template, particularly prefixes. | ||
| + | |||
==== Information ==== | ==== Information ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Denaʼina (Tanaina) is an indigenous language of North America spoken in the areas surrounding the Cook Inlet of Alaska. It is an Athabaskan language that is a member of the Northern Athabaskan languages, differing from a well-known, related language, Diné Bizaad, which is a member of the southern Athabaskan languages. Denaʼina, like Diné Bizaad, is a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup and the Na-Dené language phylum. There are four dialects: Upper Inlet, Outer Inlet, Illiamna, and Inland. According to the 2015 census, the speaker population of Denaʼina numbers approximately 90, being mostly adults and older people, and according to Golla 2007, the ethnic population numbers roughly 900. Because of these factors, Denaʼina is classified as a shifting language, meaning that the current child-raising generation has a command of the language, but their children are not acquiring it. However, revitalization efforts are underway, with archiving underway of Denaʼina materials, catalogs of audio recordings being maintained, books being published on Denaʼina language, as well as culture, and even a class at Kenai Peninsula College, offered as of 2014, which teaches the Cook Inlet dialect. English is the predominant language additionally used by Denaʼina speakers, as well as ethnic Denaʼina people. Denaʼina uses the Latin script for its orthography, including a few additional characters, as well as the use of diacritics, not present in English. The ISO code for Denaʼina is <code>tfn</code>. | ||
| + | |||
==== Resource Availability ==== | ==== Resource Availability ==== | ||
| + | Resources for Denaʼina appear rather scarce, however there does appear to be a hub online that contains a grammar, example phrases and words, and even stories with English translations located at [https://web.kpc.alaska.edu/denaina/ here]. | ||
| + | |||
==== Reference Links ==== | ==== Reference Links ==== | ||
| + | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dena%CA%BCina_language | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tfn | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://web.kpc.alaska.edu/denaina/ | ||
| + | |||
=== Jicarilla Apache === | === Jicarilla Apache === | ||
| + | |||
==== Morphological Typology ==== | ==== Morphological Typology ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Resources on morphological typology for Abáachi mizaa appear to be scare, however, from the resources available and its relation to other Athabaskan languages, it likely it polysynthetic or fusional, having a verb template in which which affixes are attached to the verb to form a large part of the sentence. | ||
| + | |||
==== Information ==== | ==== Information ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Abáachi mizaa (Jicarilla Apache) is a language of the indigenous peoples of North America currently spoken in New Mexico and native to New Mexico, Colorado, specifically the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the plains of southern Colorado, and even parts of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language. It is an Apachean, Athabaskan member of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup, which is a part of the Na-Dené language phylum. According to the 2015 census, there are 510 speakers, though only roughly 300 first-language speakers (Golla 2007), of the language and the ethnic population numbers about 3,100 according to Golla 2007. Because of these factors, it is classified as shifting, meaning that the generation having children currently can speak the language, but their children are not acquiring it. Despite this, revitalization efforts have been underway, with community members being certified to teach the language, a dictionary being completed, as well as the establishment of classes and language camps. The most common language other than Abáachi miza for its speaker and its ethnic community is English, with it being used primarily by children and young adults. Abáachi mizaa uses the Latin script for its orthography with diacritics and some characters not found in English, similar to other Athabaskan languages. The ISO code for Abáachi mizaa is <code>apj</code> | ||
| + | |||
==== Resource Availability ==== | ==== Resource Availability ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | It appears as though resources containing sentences are very scare, with only a dictionary being widely available. The only resource containing a wealth of sentences appears to be [https://www.amazon.com/Apache-Jicarilla-Alan-Wilson/dp/0884329054/ref=pd_bxgy_img_1/141-3218325-5178836?pd_rd_w=TY6H0&pf_rd_p=c64372fa-c41c-422e-990d-9e034f73989b&pf_rd_r=NY3GKQGDF1VP6Y3A4ATJ&pd_rd_r=613101c6-9422-4d1a-950a-3ea741f81017&pd_rd_wg=VMt5H&pd_rd_i=0884329054&psc=1 a basic language course book] and a [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231887720_Jicarilla_Apache short paper]. In the paper, the reference list gives several books on Jicarilla Apache, however, so these may be of use. | ||
| + | |||
==== Reference Links ==== | ==== Reference Links ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_language | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_Apache | ||
| + | |||
| + | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231887720_Jicarilla_Apache | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:sp22_LanguageSelection]], [[Category:Navajo]], [[Category:Denaʼina]], [[Category:Jicarilla_Apache]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:54, 24 January 2022
Contents
Partner
I am planning to work with SaengMoung (Jacob) Park on Navajo.
Possible Pair
I'd love to work with anyone, regardless of their knowledge of either CS or linguistics! Personally, I have a very strong linguistics background, and I've taken CS021 here at Swarthmore, and I'm currently taking CS031. In addition, I have been progressing through a few online CS courses regarding JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and SQL, as well as other languages and technologies.
Languages for Class
I have an interest in the indigenous languages of the Americas, especially so the Athabaskan languages after having taken Structure of Navajo this past semester, so when looking over the suggestions for languages to work on, I found the following three particular interesting:
- Navajo
- Denaʼina
- Jicarilla Apache
Language Information
Morphological Typology
To classify Navajo into one morphological typological category is rather difficult, as it displays traits of fusional, agglutinative, and polysynthetic languages. For example, it has an expansive array of verb affixes, so much so that a Navajo verb has up to 11 possible slots for prefixes, which is a trait of an agglutinative language. However, these affixes may overlap, a trait of fusional languages. Navajo having a high morpheme-to-word ratio, many of which are unable to stand alone, is a trait of a polysynthetic language.
Information
Diné Bizaad (Navajo) is an indigenous language of North America spoken in the southwestern United States, specifically the areas that are now northeast Arizona, southwest Colorado, northwest New Mexico, and southeast Utah. This is currently where the majority of speakers reside, as the largest Navajo reservation is located within this area, known as the Four Corners Region. However, the Navajo Nation itself only spans across three of the four corners, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Navajo is also a registered language of the Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation, spanning Arizona and California. Navajo is an Apachean, southern Athabaskan language and a part of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup, which itself is a part of the Na-Dené language phylum. It uses the Latin script for its orthography, with diacritics and some special characters compared to English to represent tone and certain sounds. Its total speaker population is 167,000 and there are 7,600 monolingual speakers according to the 2015 census. In total, there are roughly 300,000 ethic Navajo people. Because of its declining speaker population, for example, 30% of first graders in 1998 having it as their first language as compared to 90% in 1968, but still present use for communication, it is classified as a threatened language. However, some families retain immense use of the language, and resources for the language are becoming more available. English is the most common language also used by speakers of Navajo and ethnic Navajo people. The ISO code for Navajo is nav.
Resource Availability
Resources for Navajo are widely available, with an available dictionary, grammar, translation of the bible, stories, language immersion programs, courses taught in some universities, and even a Navajo dub of the first Star Wars movie.
Reference Links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Corners
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_Nation
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nav
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athabaskan-language-family
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_grammar
Denaʼina
Morphological Typology
Denaʼina is a polysynthetic language with a large amount of possible affixes to a verb, numbering 21 possible slots in its template, particularly prefixes.
Information
Denaʼina (Tanaina) is an indigenous language of North America spoken in the areas surrounding the Cook Inlet of Alaska. It is an Athabaskan language that is a member of the Northern Athabaskan languages, differing from a well-known, related language, Diné Bizaad, which is a member of the southern Athabaskan languages. Denaʼina, like Diné Bizaad, is a member of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup and the Na-Dené language phylum. There are four dialects: Upper Inlet, Outer Inlet, Illiamna, and Inland. According to the 2015 census, the speaker population of Denaʼina numbers approximately 90, being mostly adults and older people, and according to Golla 2007, the ethnic population numbers roughly 900. Because of these factors, Denaʼina is classified as a shifting language, meaning that the current child-raising generation has a command of the language, but their children are not acquiring it. However, revitalization efforts are underway, with archiving underway of Denaʼina materials, catalogs of audio recordings being maintained, books being published on Denaʼina language, as well as culture, and even a class at Kenai Peninsula College, offered as of 2014, which teaches the Cook Inlet dialect. English is the predominant language additionally used by Denaʼina speakers, as well as ethnic Denaʼina people. Denaʼina uses the Latin script for its orthography, including a few additional characters, as well as the use of diacritics, not present in English. The ISO code for Denaʼina is tfn.
Resource Availability
Resources for Denaʼina appear rather scarce, however there does appear to be a hub online that contains a grammar, example phrases and words, and even stories with English translations located at here.
Reference Links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dena%CA%BCina_language
https://www.ethnologue.com/language/tfn
https://web.kpc.alaska.edu/denaina/
Jicarilla Apache
Morphological Typology
Resources on morphological typology for Abáachi mizaa appear to be scare, however, from the resources available and its relation to other Athabaskan languages, it likely it polysynthetic or fusional, having a verb template in which which affixes are attached to the verb to form a large part of the sentence.
Information
Abáachi mizaa (Jicarilla Apache) is a language of the indigenous peoples of North America currently spoken in New Mexico and native to New Mexico, Colorado, specifically the Sangre de Cristo mountains and the plains of southern Colorado, and even parts of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language. It is an Apachean, Athabaskan member of the Athabaskan-Eyak language subgroup, which is a part of the Na-Dené language phylum. According to the 2015 census, there are 510 speakers, though only roughly 300 first-language speakers (Golla 2007), of the language and the ethnic population numbers about 3,100 according to Golla 2007. Because of these factors, it is classified as shifting, meaning that the generation having children currently can speak the language, but their children are not acquiring it. Despite this, revitalization efforts have been underway, with community members being certified to teach the language, a dictionary being completed, as well as the establishment of classes and language camps. The most common language other than Abáachi miza for its speaker and its ethnic community is English, with it being used primarily by children and young adults. Abáachi mizaa uses the Latin script for its orthography with diacritics and some characters not found in English, similar to other Athabaskan languages. The ISO code for Abáachi mizaa is apj
Resource Availability
It appears as though resources containing sentences are very scare, with only a dictionary being widely available. The only resource containing a wealth of sentences appears to be a basic language course book and a short paper. In the paper, the reference list gives several books on Jicarilla Apache, however, so these may be of use.
Reference Links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_Apache
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231887720_Jicarilla_Apache,,,
