Difference between revisions of "Amis and English/Contrastive Grammar"

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==Word Order==
 
==Word Order==
 
In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.
 
In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.
 +
 +
{{comment|This seems a little bit like your "transitive verbs" and "ergative constructions" grammar points below—what's the difference between the three? - JNW}}
 +
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Minanuy kaku tu safa.|I am swinging a younger sibling.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Minanuy kaku tu safa.|I am swinging a younger sibling.}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|nanoy{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} safa{{tag|n}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} [swing{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|}}] a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} young{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}{{tag|comp}} sibling{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|nanoy{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} safa{{tag|n}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} swing{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}} young{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}{{tag|comp}} sibling{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
−
<!-- ^swinging/swinging<n><sg>/swing<vblex><pprs>/swing<vblex><subs>/swing<vblex><ger>$ -->
 
  
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Maulah kaku tu pusong.|I like Taitung.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Maulah kaku tu pusong.|I like Taitung.}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} pusong{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} like{{tag|vblex}}[{{tag|pres}} or {{tag|imp}}] Taitung{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|ulah{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|nom}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} pusong{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} like{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pres}} Taitung{{tag|np}}{{tag|top}}{{tag|sg}}}}
  
 
==Noun Markers==
 
==Noun Markers==
 
Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.
 
Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.
 +
 +
{{comment|What's up with the +have thing here?  That doesn't look like the right English analysis for these.  Also, I'm thinking these "noun markers" might be kind of like prepositions? - JNW}}
  
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay.|The dog is chasing Panay's child.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay.|The dog is chasing Panay's child.}}
−
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|laʼop{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wacu{{tag|n}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} wawa{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}  [chase{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|}}] Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}+have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|laʼop{{tag|v}}{{tag|av}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wacu{{tag|n}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|dat}} wawa{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}  chase{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} Panay{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}+have{{tag|vbhaver}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
−
 
 
−
<!-- ^The/the<det><def><sp>$ ^dog/dog<n><sg>$ ^is/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>$ ^chasing/chase<vblex><pprs>/chase<vblex><subs>/chase<vblex><ger>$ ^panay/*panay$^'s/'s<gen>/be<vbser><pres><p3><sg>/have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg>$ ^child/child<n><sg>$ -->
 
  
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay.|Panay's child was chased by the dog.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay.|Panay's child was chased by the dog.}}
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<!-- this second one somewhat feels passive... -->
 
<!-- this second one somewhat feels passive... -->
  
−
==Adjectives==
+
==Possessives==
−
Adjectives appear after the nouns they modify.
+
Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word ''aku'' when immediately following a noun marker.
 +
 
 +
{{comment|I think these are first-person possessive relationships, not any? - JNW}}
 +
 
 +
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Fangcal ku wawa aku.|My child is good.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|fangcal{{tag|adj}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} wawa{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} child{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} good{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}}
 +
 
 +
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku.|My chicken is big.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|tata'ak{{tag|adj}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} ʼayam{{tag|n}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|gen}}|my{{tag|det}}{{tag|pos}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} chicken{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} be{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} big{{tag|adj}}{{tag|sint}}}}
  
 
==Transitive Verbs==
 
==Transitive Verbs==
 
The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.
 
The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.
  
−
==Example 5==
+
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Mapalu ni Sawmah ci Mayaw.|Sawmah beat Mayaw.}}
−
Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) come in the order: verb, agent, subject.
+
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} Sawmah{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Mayaw{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|Sawmah{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} Mayaw{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 +
 
 +
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Mapalu ni mama ci Aki atu ci Kolo.|Father beat Aki and Kolo.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|palu{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} i{{tag|prn}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|gen}} mama{{tag|n}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}} atu{{tag|conj}} i{{tag|nm}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|nom}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}|father{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} beat{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} Aki{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}} and{{tag|anjcoo}} Kolo{{tag|np}}{{tag|ant}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 +
 
 +
==Ergative Constructions==
 +
Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.
 +
 
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Ruhemen aku ku pawli.|I will ripen this banana.}}
 
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Ruhemen aku ku pawli.|I will ripen this banana.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|rohem{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|futi}} aku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|gen}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} pawli{{tag|n}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} will{{tag|vbmod}}{{tag|pres}} ripen{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}} this{{tag|det}}{{tag|dem}}{{tag|sg}} banana{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 +
 +
{{comment|Looks like there's a little problem with the curly braces here—see "ripen". - JNW}}
 +
<!-- ^I/I<abbr>/prpers<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg>$ ^will/will<n><sg>/will<vbmod><inf>/will<vbmod><pres>/will<vblex><inf>/will<vblex><pres>/will<vblex><imp>$ ^listen/listen<vblex><inf>/listen<vblex><pres>/listen<vblex><imp>$^./.<sent>$ -->
 +
 +
* {{transferTest|ami|eng|Macangcang nira ku sinabel.|She warmed up the dish.}}
 +
*: {{transferMorphTest|ami|eng|cangcang{{tag|v}}{{tag|uv}}{{tag|prst}} ingra{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|gen}} mama{{tag|n}} u{{tag|nm}}{{tag|um}}{{tag|nom}} sinabel{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}|she{{tag|prn}}{{tag|subj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|f}}{{tag|sg}} warm{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pp}}+warm{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} the{{tag|det}}{{tag|def}}{{tag|sp}} dish{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
 +
  
  
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Amis]] [[Category:English]]
 
[[Category:Sp23_ContrastiveGrammars]] [[Category:Amis]] [[Category:English]]

Latest revision as of 15:14, 9 May 2023

Word Order

In Amis sentences the verb must come before nouns.

This seems a little bit like your "transitive verbs" and "ergative constructions" grammar points below—what's the difference between the three? - JNW

  • (ami) Minanuy kaku tu safa. → (eng) I am swinging a younger sibling.
    (ami) nanoy<v><av> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> safa<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> be<vbser><pres><p1><sg> swing<vblex><pprs> a<det><ind><sg> young<adj><sint><comp> sibling<n><sg>


  • (ami) Maulah kaku tu pusong. → (eng) I like Taitung.
    (ami) ulah<v><uv><prst> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><nom> u<nm><um><dat> pusong<np><top> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> like<vblex><pres> Taitung<np><top><sg>

Noun Markers

Subject and object marked by noun marker in Amis.

What's up with the +have thing here? That doesn't look like the right English analysis for these. Also, I'm thinking these "noun markers" might be kind of like prepositions? - JNW

  • (ami) Milaʼup ku wacu tu wawa ni Panay. → (eng) The dog is chasing Panay's child.
    (ami) laʼop<v><av> u<nm><um><nom> wacu<n> u<nm><um><dat> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> chase<vblex><pprs> Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg>
  • (ami) Malaʼup nu wacu ku wawa ni Panay. → (eng) Panay's child was chased by the dog.
    (ami) laʼop<v><uv><prst> u<nm><um><gen> wacu<n> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> i<nm><sg><gen> Panay<np><ant> → (eng) Panay<np><ant><sg>+have<vbhaver><pres><p3><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><past><p3><sg> chase<vbser><pp> by<pr> the<det><def><sp> dog<n><sg>


Possessives

Possessive relationships are denoted by the use of the word aku when immediately following a noun marker.

I think these are first-person possessive relationships, not any? - JNW

  • (ami) Fangcal ku wawa aku. → (eng) My child is good.
    (ami) fangcal<adj> u<nm><um><nom> wawa<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> child<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> good<adj><sint>
  • (ami) Tata’ak ku ʼayam aku. → (eng) My chicken is big.
    (ami) tata'ak<adj> u<nm><um><nom> ʼayam<n> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> → (eng) my<det><pos><p1><mf><sg> chicken<n><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> big<adj><sint>

Transitive Verbs

The subject and object of the verb appear after it in a subject-object word order.

  • (ami) Mapalu ni Sawmah ci Mayaw. → (eng) Sawmah beat Mayaw.
    (ami) palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> Sawmah<np><ant> i<nm><sg><nom> Mayaw<np><ant> → (eng) Sawmah<np><ant><sg> beat<vblex><past> Mayaw<np><ant><sg>
  • (ami) Mapalu ni mama ci Aki atu ci Kolo. → (eng) Father beat Aki and Kolo.
    (ami) palu<v><uv><prst> i<prn><sg><gen> mama<n> i<nm><sg><nom> Aki<np><ant> atu<conj> i<nm><sg><nom> Kolo<np><ant> → (eng) father<n><sg> beat<vblex><past> Aki<np><ant><sg> and<anjcoo> Kolo<np><ant><sg>

Ergative Constructions

Ergative constructions (describing a change of state) in Amis come in the order: verb, agent, subject.

  • (ami) Ruhemen aku ku pawli. → (eng) I will ripen this banana.
    (ami) rohem<v><uv><futi> aku<prn><pers><sg><p1><gen> u<nm><um><nom> pawli<n> → (eng) I<prn><subj><p1><mf><sg> will<vbmod><pres> ripen{tag<inf> this<det><dem><sg> banana<n><sg>}}

Looks like there's a little problem with the curly braces here—see "ripen". - JNW

  • (ami) Macangcang nira ku sinabel. → (eng) She warmed up the dish.
    (ami) cangcang<v><uv><prst> ingra<prn><pers><sg><p3><gen> mama<n> u<nm><um><nom> sinabel<n><sg> → (eng) she<prn><subj><p3><f><sg> warm<vblex><pp>+warm<vblex><past> the<det><def><sp> dish<n><sg>
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