Difference between revisions of "Wamesa and Tongan/Contrastive Grammar"
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===Present Tense=== | ===Present Tense=== | ||
| + | Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).<br/> | ||
'''We (dual) are happy.''' | '''We (dual) are happy.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ma fiefia|tusanevesie}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ma fiefia|tusanevesie}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}} |tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} ma{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|exl}}{{tag|du}} fiefia{{tag|adj}}|tusanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|du}}{{tag|excl}}}} |
===Sentence structure=== | ===Sentence structure=== | ||
| − | Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure. | + | Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure.<br/> |
'''She is not sick.''' | '''She is not sick.''' | ||
| − | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke| | + | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke|pota va}} |
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag| | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|neg}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}}|pota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}}} |
===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ||
| − | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. | + | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.<br/> |
| − | '''They (human) are | + | '''They (human) are happy.''' |
| − | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata | + | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata|setisanevesie}} |
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} |setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}}} |
===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ||
| − | Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature. | + | Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.<br/> |
'''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | '''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | ||
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|excl}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} |
===Noun Pluralization=== | ===Noun Pluralization=== | ||
| − | Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number. | + | Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.<br/> |
'''The dogs are sick.''' | '''The dogs are sick.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli|wonapasiat sipota}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli|wonapasiat sipota}} | ||
| Line 33: | Line 34: | ||
===Present Tense=== | ===Present Tense=== | ||
| + | Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).<br/> | ||
'''We (dual) are happy.''' | '''We (dual) are happy.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie|ʻoku ma fiefia}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|tusanevesie|ʻoku ma fiefia}} | ||
| Line 38: | Line 40: | ||
===Sentence structure=== | ===Sentence structure=== | ||
| − | Wamesa sentences have SVO word order while Tongan sentences are VSO. | + | Wamesa sentences have SVO word order while Tongan sentences are VSO.<br/> |
'''She is not sick.''' | '''She is not sick.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|piota va|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|piota va|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke}} | ||
| Line 44: | Line 46: | ||
===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ||
| − | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration. | + | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.<br/> |
| − | '''They (human) are | + | '''They (human) are happy.''' |
| − | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie|ʻoku nau lata | + | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie|ʻoku nau lata kinautolu}} |
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|wad|ton|setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} kinautolu{{tag|prn}}{{tag|postd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}}} |
===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ||
| − | Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature. | + | Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.<br/> |
'''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | '''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | ||
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|pimunapat|siʻaku puaka}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|pimunapat|siʻaku puaka}} | ||
| Line 56: | Line 58: | ||
===Noun Pluralization=== | ===Noun Pluralization=== | ||
| − | Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number. | + | Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.<br/> |
'''The dogs are sick.''' | '''The dogs are sick.''' | ||
* {{transferTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat sipota|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli}} | * {{transferTest|wad|ton|wonapasiat sipota|ʻoku puke e fanga kuli}} | ||
Latest revision as of 16:37, 6 April 2017
Contents
ton-wad tests
Present Tense
Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).
We (dual) are happy.
- (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia → (wad) tusanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj> → (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl>
Sentence structure
Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure.
She is not sick.
- (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke → (wad) pota va
- (ton) ʻoku<vaux><present> ʻikai<neg> ke<prn><prepd><p3><sg> puke<adj> → (wad) pota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.
They (human) are happy.
- (ton) ʻoku nau lata → (wad) setisanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> → (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (ton) siʻaku puaka → (wad) pimunapat
- (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><ind><p1><excl><sg><emotional> puaka<n><sg> → (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss>
Noun Pluralization
Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.
The dogs are sick.
- (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli → (wad) wonapasiat sipota
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl> → (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum>
wad-ton tests
Present Tense
Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).
We (dual) are happy.
- (wad) tusanevesie → (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia
- (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj>
Sentence structure
Wamesa sentences have SVO word order while Tongan sentences are VSO.
She is not sick.
- (wad) piota va → (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke
- (wad) piota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ʻikai<adj> ke<prn><prepd><p2><sg> puke<adj>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.
They (human) are happy.
- (wad) setisanevesie → (ton) ʻoku nau lata kinautolu
- (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> kinautolu<prn><postd><p3><pl>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (wad) pimunapat → (ton) siʻaku puaka
- (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss> → (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><emotional> puaka<n><sg>
Noun Pluralization
Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.
The dogs are sick.
- (wad) wonapasiat sipota → (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli
- (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl>
