Difference between revisions of "Wamesa and Tongan/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
(→Sentence structure) |
(→Sentence structure) |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure.<br/> | Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure.<br/> | ||
'''She is not sick.''' | '''She is not sick.''' | ||
| − | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke| | + | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku ʻikai ke puke|pota va}} |
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag| | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|vaux}}{{tag|present}} ʻikai{{tag|neg}} ke{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} puke{{tag|adj}}|pota{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}} va{{tag|neg}}}} |
===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ===Human vs Nonhuman=== | ||
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.<br/> | Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.<br/> | ||
'''They (human) are happy.''' | '''They (human) are happy.''' | ||
| − | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata | + | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|ʻoku nau lata|setisanevesie}} |
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|ʻoku{{tag|aux}}{{tag|v}}{{tag|present}} nau{{tag|prn}}{{tag|prepd}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}} lata{{tag|adj}} |setisanevesie{{tag|adj}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|pl}}{{tag|hum}}}} |
===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ===Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns=== | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
'''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | '''My pig. (My cherished pig).''' | ||
* {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | * {{transferTest|ton|wad|siʻaku puaka|pimunapat}} | ||
| − | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} | + | *: {{transferMorphTest|ton|wad|siʻaku{{tag|prn}}{{tag|poss}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|excl}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|emotional}} puaka{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}} |pimunapat{{tag|n}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|poss}}}} |
===Noun Pluralization=== | ===Noun Pluralization=== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:37, 6 April 2017
Contents
ton-wad tests
Present Tense
Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).
We (dual) are happy.
- (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia → (wad) tusanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj> → (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl>
Sentence structure
Tongan sentences have a VSO word order while Wamesa has a SVO structure.
She is not sick.
- (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke → (wad) pota va
- (ton) ʻoku<vaux><present> ʻikai<neg> ke<prn><prepd><p3><sg> puke<adj> → (wad) pota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.
They (human) are happy.
- (ton) ʻoku nau lata → (wad) setisanevesie
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> → (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (ton) siʻaku puaka → (wad) pimunapat
- (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><ind><p1><excl><sg><emotional> puaka<n><sg> → (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss>
Noun Pluralization
Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.
The dogs are sick.
- (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli → (wad) wonapasiat sipota
- (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl> → (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum>
wad-ton tests
Present Tense
Both Wamesa and Tongan have dual person (as well as singular and plural).
We (dual) are happy.
- (wad) tusanevesie → (ton) ʻoku ma fiefia
- (wad) tusanevesie<adj><p1><du><excl> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ma<prn><prepd><p1><exl><du> fiefia<adj>
Sentence structure
Wamesa sentences have SVO word order while Tongan sentences are VSO.
She is not sick.
- (wad) piota va → (ton) ʻoku ʻikai ke puke
- (wad) piota<adj><p3><sg> va<neg> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> ʻikai<adj> ke<prn><prepd><p2><sg> puke<adj>
Human vs Nonhuman
Wamesa marks humanness on verbs and adjectives, while Tongan has no such alteration.
They (human) are happy.
- (wad) setisanevesie → (ton) ʻoku nau lata kinautolu
- (wad) setisanevesie<adj><p3><pl><hum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> nau<prn><prepd><p3><pl> lata<adj> kinautolu<prn><postd><p3><pl>
Ordinary/emotional possessive pronouns
Tongan has an emotional marker for possession, while Wamesa has no such feature.
My pig. (My cherished pig).
- (wad) pimunapat → (ton) siʻaku puaka
- (wad) pimunapat<n><p1><poss> → (ton) siʻaku<prn><poss><emotional> puaka<n><sg>
Noun Pluralization
Wamesa and Tongan alter noun forms based on number.
The dogs are sick.
- (wad) wonapasiat sipota → (ton) ʻoku puke e fanga kuli
- (wad) wonapasiat<n><def><pl> sipota<adj><p3><pl><nohum> → (ton) ʻoku<aux><v><present> sick<adj> e<adj><def> fanga<cl><pl> kuli<n><pl>
