Difference between revisions of "Chechen and English/Contrastive Grammar"
From LING073
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*{{transferTest|che|eng|Ас бепиг дина.|I made bread.}} | *{{transferTest|che|eng|Ас бепиг дина.|I made bread.}} | ||
::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|Ас{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|erg}} бепиг{{tag|n}}{{tag|cl_j}}{{tag|abs}}{{tag|sg}} дина{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pf}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} made{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|Ас{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}}{{tag|erg}} бепиг{{tag|n}}{{tag|cl_j}}{{tag|abs}}{{tag|sg}} дина{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|pf}}|I{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|mf}}{{tag|sg}} made{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|past}} bread{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Progressive Construction== | ||
| + | In English, the progressive construction has copular verbs preceding the progressive participle; in Chechen, it is the opposite. | ||
| + | *{{transferTest|che|eng|со бепиг деш ву.| I am making bread.}} | ||
| + | ::{{transferMorphTest|che|eng|со бепиг деш{{tag|v}}{{tag|tv}}{{tag|prog}}{{tag|ptcp}} ву{{tag|v}}{{tag|cpl}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|cl_v}}.| I am{{tag|vbser}}{{tag|pres}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} making{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|pprs}} bread.}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] | [[Category:Sp19_ContrastiveGrammars]] | ||
[[Category:English]] | [[Category:English]] | ||
[[Category:Chechen]] | [[Category:Chechen]] | ||
Revision as of 01:29, 4 April 2019
Gender of Pronouns
In Chechen, there is no distinction of male/female gender in pronouns but this distinction exists in English
- (che) Ас → (eng) I
- (che) ас<prn><pers><p1><sg><erg> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><mf><sg>
- (che) иза → (eng) he
- (che) иза<prn><pers><p3><sg><abs> → (eng) he<prn><pers><p3><m><sg>
Copular Verb
In Chechen, copular verb has noun-class distinctions, and no number nor person distinction. But in English it's the opposite: number and person distinction exists but not non-class distinction.
- (che) сан цӀе Иван ю. → (eng) My name is Ivan.
- (che) сан цӀе<n><cl_j><abs><sg> Иван ю<v><cpl><pres><cl_j> → (eng) my name<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> Ivan
- (che) Ахьмадан машина керла ю. → (eng) Ahwmad’s car is new.
- (che) Ахьмадан машина<n><cl_j><abs><sg> керла ю<v><cpl><pres><sg> → (eng) Ahwmad’s car<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> new.
Word Order
English is a SVO language and Chechen is a SOV language, which means both lexical verbs and copular verbs occur sentence-finally.
- (che) сан цӀе Иван ю. → (eng) My name is Ivan.
- (che) сан<prn><pers><p1><sg><gen> цӀе<n><cl_j><abs><sg> Иван<np><ant><abs><sg> ю<v><cpl><cl_j> → (eng) my<det><p1><mf><sg><pos> name<n><sg> is<vbser><pres><p3><sg> Ivan<np><ant><m><sg>
- (che) Ас бепиг дина. → (eng) I made bread.
- (che) Ас<prn><pers><p1><sg><erg> бепиг<n><cl_j><abs><sg> дина<v><tv><pres><pf> → (eng) I<prn><pers><p1><mf><sg> made<vblex><past> bread<n><sg>
Progressive Construction
In English, the progressive construction has copular verbs preceding the progressive participle; in Chechen, it is the opposite.
- (che) со бепиг деш ву. → (eng) I am making bread.
- (che) со бепиг деш<v><tv><prog><ptcp> ву<v><cpl><pres><cl_v>. → (eng) I am<vbser><pres><p1><sg> making<vblex><pprs> bread.
