Difference between revisions of "Central Kurdish and English/Contrastive Grammar"

Revision as of 15:38, 30 April 2021

In Sorani Kurdish, definiteness is marked by a suffix at the end of a noun instead of a separate determiner.

(ckb) پیاوەکە → (eng) the man
(ckb) پیاو<n><def><sg> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> man<n><sg>

(ckb) پیاوێک → (eng) a man
(ckb) پیاو<n><ind><sg> → (eng) a<det><ind><sg> man<n><sg>

(ckb) سەگەکان → (eng) the dogs
(ckb) سەگ<n><def><pl> → (eng) the<det><def><sp> dog<n><pl>

(ckb) سەگێک → (eng) a dog
(ckb) سەگ<n><ind><sg> → (eng) a<det><ind><sp> dog<n><sg>

Sorani past tense verbs get a set of suffixes at the end that tie back to the subject.

(ckb) من هاتم → (eng) I came
(ckb) من<prn><pers><p1><sg> هاتن<v><iv><past><p3><sg> → (eng) {{{4}}}

Sorani Kurdish sentences follow an SOV pattern, meaning that the object precedes the verb phrase.

Sorani verbs are negated using a negation prefix. The prefixes are نە for past tense, نا for nonpast tense, and مە for imperative verbs.

(ckb) ئەو نەچوو → (eng) He did not go
(ckb) ئەو<n><def><sg> چوون<v><iv><past><neg><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> do<vaux><past> not<adv> go<vblex><inf>

(ckb) ئەو ناچێت → (eng) He is not going
(ckb) ئەو<n><def><sg> چوون<v><iv><npast><neg><p3><sg> → (eng) he<prn><subj><p3><m><sg> be<vbser><pres><p3><sg> not<adv> go<vblex><ger>

(ckb) مەچۆ → (eng) Do not go
(ckb) چوون<v><iv><imp><neg><p2><sg> → (eng) do<vbdo><imp> not<adv> go<vblex><inf>

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 *: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|سەگ{{tag|n}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sg}}|a{{tag|det}}{{tag|ind}}{{tag|sp}} dog{{tag|n}}{{tag|sg}}}}
-=== Object Order ===
+=== Verb Conjugation (Past Tense) ===
+Sorani past tense verbs get a set of suffixes at the end that tie back to the subject.
-Sorani Kurdish sentences follow an SOV pattern, meaning that the object precedes the verb phrase.
+* {{transferTest|ckb|eng|من هاتم|I came}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|من{{tag|prn}}{{tag|pers}}{{tag|p1}}{{tag|sg}} هاتن{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|past}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}}}
-=== Verb Conjugation (Past Tense) ===
+* {{transferTest|ckb|eng|ئێمە هاتین|We came}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|hi}}
 === Verb Conjugation (Present Tense) ===
+=== Object Order ===
+Sorani Kurdish sentences follow an SOV pattern, meaning that the object precedes the verb phrase.
 === Verb Negation ===
@@ Line 38: / Line 46: @@
 * {{transferTest|ckb|eng|مەچۆ|Do not go}}
-*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|چوون{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|p3}}{{tag|sg}}|do{{tag|vbdo}}{{tag|imp}} not{{tag|adv}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}}}}
+*: {{transferMorphTest|ckb|eng|چوون{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|imp}}{{tag|neg}}{{tag|p2}}{{tag|sg}}|do{{tag|vbdo}}{{tag|imp}} not{{tag|adv}} go{{tag|vblex}}{{tag|inf}}}}