Difference between revisions of "Nuosu/Grammar"

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#* Particle  
 
#* Particle  
 
#** {{morphTest|da{{tag|pfv}}|da}}
 
#** {{morphTest|da{{tag|pfv}}|da}}
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{{comment|For pronouns, you want a category tag {{tag|prn}} and main subcategory tag, which here would be {{tag|pers}} (for 'personal pronoun'). Particles are always an issue, but you'll want a part of speech tag distinct from the semantics at play.  If it's tense-related, you might be able to call them auxiliaries, {{tag|vaux}}, or if you think it's better to treat them as a class of particles, then {{tag|mark}} or maybe even {{tag|prt}} could work. -JNW}}
  
 
== Morphological Analysis ==
 
== Morphological Analysis ==

Revision as of 04:59, 16 February 2022


Part of Speech

  1. Open
    • Noun
      • lyp<n> ↔ lyp - seed
    • Verb
      • lyp<v> ↔ lyp - sow
    • Adjective
      • jjip<adj> ↔ jjip - full
  2. Semi-closed
    • Determiner
      • Classifier
        • ji<Cl> ↔ ji - bar,used to classify one-dimensional entities
    • Adverb
      • gexyimu<adv> ↔ gexyimu - stupid
    • Conjunction
  3. Closed
    • Pronoun
      • nga<p1><sg> ↔ nga
    • Particle
      • da<pfv> ↔ da

For pronouns, you want a category tag <prn> and main subcategory tag, which here would be <pers> (for 'personal pronoun'). Particles are always an issue, but you'll want a part of speech tag distinct from the semantics at play. If it's tense-related, you might be able to call them auxiliaries, <vaux>, or if you think it's better to treat them as a class of particles, then <mark> or maybe even <prt> could work. -JNW

Morphological Analysis

Size prefixes

  • The diminutive prefixes i generates the meaning of "small"
    • sho<adj><dim> ↔ ixsho
    • du<adj><dim> ↔ ixdu
    • ly<adj><dim> ↔ ixly
  • The augmentative prefix a can be prefixed to generate pair of antonyms, meaning of "big"
    • sho<adj><aug> ↔ asho
    • adu<adj><aug> ↔ adu
    • ly<adj><aug> ↔ axly

Nominalizer suffixes

Three nominalizer suffixes can be attached to verbs to form nouns. Not all verbs can take three suffixes.

  • -lu is attached to a verb to form the action of that verb
    • mgu<v><nmlz> ↔ ngulu
    • hxip<v><nmlz> ↔ hxiplu
    • ndo<v><nmlz> ↔ ndolu
  • -jjux is attached to a verb to mean the quality or extent of that verb
    • mgu<v><nmlz> ↔ ngujjux
    • ju<v><nmlz> ↔ jujjux
    • bi<v><nmlz> ↔ bijjux
  • -tie is attached to a verb to indicate the manner of that verb
    • zhe<v><nmlz> ↔ zhetie
    • gu<v><nmlz> ↔ gutie
    • hlu<v><nmlz> ↔ hlutie

Adjectivizer suffixes

  • - sa encodes the easiness or pleasure of doing an activity.
    • zze<v><nmlz> ↔ zzesa
    • ndo<v><nmlz> ↔ ndosa
    • yu<v><nmlz> ↔ yusa
  • - we expresses the opposite state of difficulty, though less productive than -sa
    • zze<v><adjz> ↔ zzewe
    • ndo<v><adjz> ↔ ndowe
    • yu<v><adjz> ↔ yuwe

Reduplicaiton

  • Nouns are wholly reduplicated to mean some/a few of the noun, a classifier must follow this category of reduplication
    • mudi<n><rdpl> ↔ mudimudi
    • muhly<n><rdpl> ↔ muhlymuhly
    • lurmat<n><rdpl> ↔ lurmatlurmat
  • Pronouns may be reduplicated as emphatic pronouns.
    • ngat<p1><sg><rdpl> ↔ ngatngat
    • nop<p2><p1><rdpl> ↔ nopnox
    • nit<p2><sg><rdpl> ↔ nitnit
  • Verbs reduplicate in the form of V-jjy-V for intensification
    • mgu<v><rdpl> ↔ mgujjymgu
    • ndup<v><rdpl> ↔ ndupndup
    • budex<v><rdpl> ↔ budexjjybudex
  • Adjectives are reduplicated to form alternative question
    • ssi<adj><rdpl> ↔ ssixssi
    • zhut<adj><rdpl> ↔ zhutzhut
    • ceqy<adj><rdpl> ↔ ceqyxqy

Color Ideophones

  • Colour adjectives take reduplicated ideophones to express colour nuances. They evoke images in the mind of the addressee. The ideophone is meaningless in isolation.
    • ashyx<adj><rdpl> ↔ shyxndondo
    • aqu<adj><rdpl> ↔ quxzyrzyr
    • axhni<adj><rdpl> ↔ vutmomo
    • avut<adj><rdpl> ↔ vutlolo
    • sox<adj><rdpl> ↔ soxbobo

Gender/Age suffixes for animal names

  • - bat (male)
    • le<n><masc> ↔ lebat
    • mu<n><masc> ↔ mubat
    • yo<n><masc> ↔ yobat
  • -bu (male)
    • va<n><masc> ↔ vabu
    • ie<n><masc> ↔ iebu
    • op<n><masc> ↔ opbu
  • -mop (female)
    • le<n><fem> ↔ lemop
    • mu<n><fem> ↔ mumop
    • yo<n><fem> ↔ yomop
  • -sse (young).
    • lat<n><dim> ↔ latsse
    • wo<n><dim> ↔ wosse
    • bbo<n><dim> ↔ bbosse
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