Difference between revisions of "Lakota/Grammar"
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Lakota uses postpositions {{tag|post}} rather than prepositions; they work in a similar way to English prepositions though they follow their noun complement. Adpositions occur after the head {{tag|n}}. | Lakota uses postpositions {{tag|post}} rather than prepositions; they work in a similar way to English prepositions though they follow their noun complement. Adpositions occur after the head {{tag|n}}. | ||
*{{morphTest|mas'óphiye{{tag|n}} (store)|mas'óphiye él}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|post}} (at the store) | *{{morphTest|mas'óphiye{{tag|n}} (store)|mas'óphiye él}}{{tag|n}}{{tag|post}} (at the store) | ||
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| + | Wówapi kiŋ wáglutapi kiŋ akáŋl yaŋké. The book is sitting on the table. | ||
| + | Wóžuha kiŋ oyúŋke kiŋ oȟláthe yaŋké. The bag is sitting under the bed. | ||
| + | Šiyútakaŋ kiŋ akáŋwowapi kiŋ isákhib yaŋké. The laptop is sitting beside the desk. | ||
| + | Wíčazo kiŋ oákaŋke kiŋ itȟókab yaŋké. The pencil is sitting in front of the chair. | ||
| + | Wíyatke kiŋ wóžuha kiŋ ihákab yaŋké. The cup is sitting behind the bag. | ||
==== Determiners ==== | ==== Determiners ==== | ||
Revision as of 00:52, 17 February 2022
This is a general documentation of Lakota Grammar.
Sources include Lakota Basic Structures, the Lakota language Wikipedia and David V Kaufmann's Lakota Grammar Handbook.
Contents
Parts of Speech
Open Class
Nouns
Nouns <n> in Lakota appear in <subj><obj><v> order.
pȟasù<n> - nose
tȟahù<n> - neck
pȟanȟté<n> - forehead
igmú<n> - cat
šún(with accent)ka<n> - dog
maká<n> - skunk
Verbs
Verbs <v> are an essential part of the Lakota language in that they are the only part of speech necessary in forming a sentence.
máni - to walk
mawáni - to walk (first person singular)
wótA - to eat
wáte - to eat (first person singular)
ičú - to take
iwáču - to take (first person singular)
k'ú - to give to
wak'ú - to give to (first person singular)
Adverbs
Closed Class
Postpositions
Lakota uses postpositions <post> rather than prepositions; they work in a similar way to English prepositions though they follow their noun complement. Adpositions occur after the head <n>.
- mas'óphiye<n> (store) ↔ mas'óphiye él<n><post> (at the store)
Wówapi kiŋ wáglutapi kiŋ akáŋl yaŋké. The book is sitting on the table. Wóžuha kiŋ oyúŋke kiŋ oȟláthe yaŋké. The bag is sitting under the bed. Šiyútakaŋ kiŋ akáŋwowapi kiŋ isákhib yaŋké. The laptop is sitting beside the desk. Wíčazo kiŋ oákaŋke kiŋ itȟókab yaŋké. The pencil is sitting in front of the chair. Wíyatke kiŋ wóžuha kiŋ ihákab yaŋké. The cup is sitting behind the bag.
Determiners
Conjunctions
čhaŋké : and
yuŋkȟáŋ: amd
k’éyaš: but
na: joins nouns of phrases
Articles
Demonstratives
There are nine demonstratives <dem> in Lakota, and they can function as either determiners <det> or pronouns <prn>.
