Difference between revisions of "Lakota/Grammar"
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máni - to walk | máni - to walk | ||
| + | * {{morphTest|máni{{tag|v}}{{tag|iv}}{{tag|inf}}|هاتن}} (to walk) | ||
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mawáni - to walk (first person singular) | mawáni - to walk (first person singular) | ||
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wak'ú - to give to (first person singular) | wak'ú - to give to (first person singular) | ||
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==== Adverbs ==== | ==== Adverbs ==== | ||
Revision as of 01:00, 17 February 2022
This is a general documentation of Lakota Grammar.
Sources include Lakota Basic Structures, the Lakota language Wikipedia and David V Kaufmann's Lakota Grammar Handbook.
Contents
Parts of Speech
Open Class
Nouns
Nouns <n> in Lakota appear in <subj><obj><v> order.
pȟasù<n> - nose
tȟahù<n> - neck
pȟanȟté<n> - forehead
igmú<n> - cat
šún(with accent)ka<n> - dog
maká<n> - skunk
Verbs
Verbs <v> are an essential part of the Lakota language in that they are the only part of speech necessary in forming a sentence.
máni - to walk
- máni<v><iv><inf> ↔ هاتن (to walk)
mawáni - to walk (first person singular)
wótA - to eat
wáte - to eat (first person singular)
ičú - to take
iwáču - to take (first person singular)
k'ú - to give to
wak'ú - to give to (first person singular)
Adverbs
Closed Class
Postpositions
Lakota uses postpositions <post> rather than prepositions; they work in a similar way to English prepositions though they follow their noun complement. Adpositions occur after the head <n>.
- mas'óphiye<n> (store) ↔ mas'óphiye él<n><post> (at the store)
- Wówapi kiŋ wáglutapi kiŋ akáŋl<post> yaŋké. The book is sitting on the table.
- Wóžuha kiŋ oyúŋke kiŋ oȟláthe<post> yaŋké. The bag is sitting under the bed.
- Šiyútakaŋ kiŋ akáŋwowapi kiŋ isákhib<post> yaŋké. The laptop is sitting beside the desk.
- Wíčazo kiŋ oákaŋke kiŋ itȟókab<post> yaŋké. The pencil is sitting in front of the chair.
Determiners
Conjunctions
čhaŋké : and
yuŋkȟáŋ: amd
k’éyaš: but
na: joins nouns of phrases
Articles
Demonstratives
There are nine demonstratives <dem> in Lakota, and they can function as either determiners <det> or pronouns <prn>.
