Difference between revisions of "Wolof/Grammar"
From LING073
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contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow | contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow | ||
'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a | 'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a | ||
| − | great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"<ref | + | great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiYhNSqr5X9AhUbGVkFHScnDU8QFnoECA8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.flvc.org%2Fsal%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F107395%2F102715%2F&usg=AOvVaw25U3augVPmpZE1yX8PFevq NOUN CLASSIFICATION IN WOLOF: WHEN AFFIXES ARE NOT RENEWED]</ref> |
======examples====== | ======examples====== | ||
Revision as of 15:09, 16 February 2023
Contents
Grammar documentation - Wolof
- General overview of Wolof grammar[1]
- Long academic grammatical description[2]
- Noun classification resource[3]
- Notable characteristics of Wolof Grammar[4]
Parts of Speech
Wolof is an SVO language
- Verbs are static and do not change for tense, aspect, or mood
- Nouns have 10 classes, 8 of which are singular classes and are marked by specific prefixes, and 2 are plural classes also marked by prefixes
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Therefore, plural and singular nouns cannot be distinguished unless they occur in a noun phrase
- However, these prefixes are not morphologically marked on the noun itself, but on the dependent that agrees with the noun
- Pronouns in Wolof are the most morphologically complex
- separated into five categories: personal, possessive, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite[5]
Noun classes
| Singular Classes | Plural Classes |
| k- | ñ- |
| b- | y- |
| g- | |
| j- | |
| l- | |
| m- | |
| s- | |
| w- |
The k- class and it's plural the ñ- class have rigid and exclusive membership. Nouns in this class are:
- k- class includes nit "person", and kef "thing"
- ñ- class includes nit "person", and (speaker dependent) jigeén "women", góor "men", gaa "people"
- other than these nouns, plural nouns are always in the y- class
- Although the classification system is far from simple, some categories include "liquids (m-class), trees (b-class), fruits (g-class), and family
members, especially those of maternal descent U-c1ass). Although the m-class contains certain liquids such as ndox 'water', meew 'milk', saw 'urine' and soow 'curdled milk', it also contains many words that are not liquids, and there are a great number of liquids that do not fall into that class, such as deret (j-class) 'blood', diwlin (j-class) 'vegetable oil', and kokaa (b-class) 'Coca-Cola'"[6]
examples
- noun class examples with determiners
- determiners will always have a prefix based on noun class and cannot exist without a class morpheme (ask about putting eng glossing after the arrows instead since the lemma cannot exist independently)
singular determiners
| nit i<n><sg det> ↔ nit ki | The person |
| tëgg i<n><sg det> ↔ tëgg bi | The blacksmith |
| kër i<n><sg det> ↔ kër gi | The house |
| jigéen i<n><sg det> ↔ jigéen ji | The woman |
| ngunu i<n><sg det> ↔ ngunu li | The chicken coop |
| picc i<n><sg det> ↔ picc mi | The bird |
| ndaw i<n><sg det> ↔ ndaw si | The young woman |
| waasintoor i<n><sg det> ↔ waasintoor wi | The fish scale |
plural determiners
| nit i<n><pl det> ↔ nit ñi | The people |
| kër i<n><pl det> ↔ kër yi | The houses |
Pronominal morphemes
Posessives
- samay yax ak sama suux (wol_output.txt line 73) - samay = my (pl) ; sama = my (sing),
glosses
xeet-am, muy-toj sa-bopp
son.3pPOSS F.crush 2pPOSS.head
Her son will crush your head